XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering : Proceedings of CBEB 2020, October 26–30, 2020, Vitória, Brazil

This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the field of Biomedical Engineering. It describes both fundamental and clinically-oriented findings, highlighting advantages and challenges of innovative methods and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices and neuroengineering, important issues related to health technology management and human factors in health, and new findings in biomechanical analysis and modeling. Gathering the proceedings of the XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering, CBEB 2020, held on October 26-30, 2020, in Vitória, Brazil, and promoted by the Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering – SBEB, this book gives emphasis to research and developments carried out by Brazilian scientists, institutions and professionals. It offers an extensive overview on new trends and clinical implementation of technologies, and it is intended to foster communication and collaboration between medical scientists, engineers, and researchers inside and outside the country. Organization Steering Committee Sec02 Sec03 Program Committee Preface Contents Basic Industrial Technology in Health 1 Analysis of the Acoustic Power Emitted by a Physiotherapeutic Ultrasound Equipment Used at the Brazilian Air Force Academy Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Evaluation of the Relative Error of the ROP 2.2 Repeatability Analysis of ROP Measurement 2.3 Estimation of the ROP Variation Coefficient 3 Results 3.1 Evaluation of Rated Output Power (ROP) 3.2 Repeatability Analysis of ROP Measurement 3.3 Estimation of the ROP Variation Coefficient 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 2 Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Maleimides Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Syntesis 2.2 Antimicrobial Activity 3 Results 3.1 Synthesis and Structural Characterization 3.2 Biological Activity 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Bioengineering 3 Study of the Effect of Bioceramic Compressive Socks on Leg Edema Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References 4 Analysis of the Electric Field Behavior on a Stimulation Chamber Applying the Superposition Principle 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Study 2.2 Computational Study 3 Results 3.1 Experimental Results 3.2 Computational Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 5 Development of a Non-rigid Model Representing the Venous System of a Specific Patient Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Geometric Model 2.2 Bipartite Molds Manufacturing 2.3 Core Manufacturing 2.4 Silicone Preparation 2.5 Silicone Injection 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 6 Comparative Study of Rheological Models for Pulsatile Blood Flow in Realistic Aortic Arch Aneurysm Geometry by Numerical Computer Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 7 Total Lung Capacity Maneuver as a Tool Screen the Relative Lung Volume in Balb/c Mice 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Animals 2.2 Assessment of Total Lung Capacity 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 8 The Influence of Cardiac Ablation on the Electrophysiological Characterization of Rat Isolated Atrium: Preliminary Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Protocol 2.2 Optical and Electrical Mapping 2.3 Electrophysiological Characterization 3 Results 3.1 Time Analysis 3.2 Dominant Frequency and Organization Index 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 9 Evaluation of the Surface of Dental Implants After the Use of Instruments Used in Biofilm Removal: A Comparative Study of Several Protocols Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 10 Comparison of Hemodynamic Effects During Alveolar Recruitment Maneuvers in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated and Non-treated with Hydralazine 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Animals 2.2 Experimental Protocol 2.3 Data Acquisition 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion 6 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6.1 Conflict of Interest 6.2 Statement of Human and Animal Rights References 11 Experimental Study of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Set Up and Data Collection 2.2 Data Analysis 2.3 BMHVs 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 12 Preliminary Results of Structural Optimization of Dental Prosthesis Using Finite Element Method Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs 13 Tribological Characterization of the ASTM F138 Austenitic Stainless-Steel Treated with Nanosecond Optical Fiber Ytterbium Laser for Biomedical Applications Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 2.1 Ball-Cratering Equipment 2.2 Materials 2.3 Wear Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Scanning Electron Micrograph 3.2 Wear Volume Behavior 3.3 Friction Coefficient Behavior 3.4 Wear Resistance Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 14 Computational Modeling of Electroporation of Biological Tissues Using the Finite Element Method 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Electropermeabilization in Biological Tissues 2.2 Finite Element Method 3 Results 4 Conclusion References 15 The Heterologous Fibrin Sealant and Aquatic Exercise Treatment of Tendon Injury in Rats Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Surgical Procedure 2.2 Aquatic Exercise Protocol 2.3 The Evolution of Edema 2.4 Euthanasia 2.5 Collagen Quantification 2.6 Statistical Analyses 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 16 Myxomatous Mitral Valve Mechanical Characterization 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion References 17 Qualitative Aspects of Three-Dimensional Printing of Biomaterials Containing Devitalized Cartilage and Polycaprolactone Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Biomaterials Based on Alginate and Poloxamer 407 (Compositions 1 to 4) 3.2 Biomaterials Based on Alginate (Compositions 5 to 8) 3.3 Biomaterials Based on Alginate and Gelatin (Compositions 9 to 12) 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 18 Chemical Synthesis Using the B-Complex to Obtain a Similar Polymer to the Polypyrrole to Application in Biomaterials Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Definition of the Methods and Reagents 2.2 B-complex First Treatment 2.3 B-complex Second Treatment 2.4 B-complex Third Treatment 2.5 B-complex Fourth Treatment 2.6 Conductive Properties Assay 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 19 Evaluation of the Effect of Hydrocortisone in 2D and 3D HEp-2 Cell Culture Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Cell Culture 2.2 Incubation with Hydrocortisone 2.3 Mitochondrial Metabolic Activity (MTT Assay) 2.4 Crystal Violet Assay 2.5 3D Culture 2.6 Immunostaining 2.7 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 20 Surface Topography Obtained with High Throughput Technology for hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Conditioning Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Polyurethane Substrate Preparation 2.2 DLIP on Polyurethane 2.3 DLIP-Modified PU Surface Characterization—Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 2.4 hiPSC-CM Cell Culture on DLIP-Modified PU Substrate 2.5 Cell Morphology and Orientation—SEM and Fluorescent Staining 2.6 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Surface Characterization of DLIP-Modified PU—AFM and SEM 3.2 Alignment of hiPSC-CM in Response to DLIP-Modified PU 3.3 Differential Morphology of hiPSC-CM Cultured on DLIP-Modified PU—aspect Ratio and Spreading Area 3.4 Alignment of F-Actin Myofibrils 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 21 The Effect of Nitrided Layer on Antibacterial Properties of Biomedical 316L Stainless Steel Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 22 Biomechanical Analysis of Tissue Engineering Construct for Articular Cartilage Restoration—A Pre-clinical Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Cell Culture: Harvesting, Isolation, Expansion and Differentiation of MSCs 2.2 Development of a Tissue Engineering Construct Compound of Cell and Extracellular Matrix (TEC) 2.3 Animal Model 2.4 Mechanical Evaluation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 5.1 Statement of Informed Consent and Human Rights 5.2 Statement of Animal Rights 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 23 Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Polymeric Biomaterials Containing Nitric Oxide Donors Using the Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (Vero) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Biomaterials Synthesis 2.2 Incorporation of RSNOs in Polaxamer/hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels and Chitosan Nanoparticles 2.3 Cells Viability Assays 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions 6 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6.1 Conflict of Interest Acknowledgements References 24 Cellular Interaction with PLA Biomaterial: Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Biomaterial Preparation and Sterilization 2.2 Vero Cell Culture 2.3 Cell Interaction—Scanning Electron Microscopy 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 25 Development of a Gelatin-Based Hydrogel to be Used as a Fibrous Scaffold in Myocardial Tissue Engineering Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Gelatin Films 2.2 Nanofibers Through Electrospinning 2.3 Crosslinking 2.4 Characterization 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 26 Experimental and Clinical Performance of Long-Term Cannulas for Mechanical Circulatory Assistance Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Cannulas 2.2 “In Vitro” Testing 2.3 “In Vivo Validation” 3 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 27 Evaluation of Lantana Trifolia Total Extract in Cell Culture: Perspective for Tissue Engineering Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Preparation of Lantana Trifolia Total Extracts 3.2 Vero Cell Culture 3.3 Qualitative Analyses: Cell Morphology 3.4 Cell Quantification: MTT Assay 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 28 Study on the Disinfection Stability of Bullfrog Skin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.2 Experimental Groups 2.3 Ozone Disinfection 2.4 Stability Assessment and Microbiological Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 29 Corrosion Analysis of a Marked Biomaterial Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 30 Mechanical and Morphological Analysis of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Reduced Graphene Oxide Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Electrospinning Solutions 2.2 Preparation of Membranes by Electrospinning 2.3 Mechanical Testing 2.4 Qualitative Morphological Evaluation 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 31 Experimental Apparatus for Evaluation of Calcium Fluctuations in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 PET and Micro-Textured PET 2.2 hiPSC-CM Culture and Plating 2.3 Loading of Fluorescent Indicator 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Cell Chamber 3.2 Module for Registration and Analysis of the Signals 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 32 Cytotoxicity of Alumina and Calcium Hexaluminate: Test Conditions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Biomaterials 2.2 FTIR 2.3 Surface Morphological Analysis 2.4 Vero Cell Culture 2.5 Qualitative Analyses: Cell Morphology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 33 Tendon Phantom Mechanical Properties Assessment by Supersonic Shear Imaging with Three-Dimensional Transducer Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Phantom Preparation 2.2 Image Acquisition—SSI with 3D Transducer 2.3 Image Processing 2.4 Results 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 34 Physiological Control of Pulsatile and Rotary Pediatric Ventricular Assist Devices 1 Introduction 2 Ventricular Assist Devices 2.1 pVAD 2.2 pRBP 3 Physiological Control Strategies 3.1 Pediatric Cardiovascular System Model 3.2 pVAD Control 3.3 pRBP Control 4 Discussion References 35 Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate-Collagen Bone Cement: A Preliminary Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 36 Qualitative Hemolysis Analyses in VAD by Stress Distribution Using Computational Hemodynamics Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions and Remarks Acknowledgements References Biomechanics and Rehabilitation 37 Development and Comparison of Different Implementations of Fuzzy Logic for Physical Capability Assessment in Knee Rehabilitation Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Difference Between Mamdani and Sugeno 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 38 Serious Games and Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Chronic Stroke: Both Sides Rehabilitation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Harpy Game 2.2 Evaluation Methods 2.3 Experimental Protocol 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 39 Technologies Applied for Elbow Joint Angle Measurements: A Systematic Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 40 The Importance of Prior Training for Effective Use of the Motorized Wheelchair Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 41 Kinematic Approach for 4 DoF Upper Limb Robotic Exoskeleton in Complex Rehabilitation Tasks Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Upper Limb Exoskeleton 3 Methods 3.1 Forward Kinematic 3.2 Inverse Kinematic 3.3 Workspace Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 42 An Integrated Method to Analyze Degenerative Bone Conditions on Transfemoral Amputees Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Gait Analysis 2.3 Densitometry and Radiography 2.4 Mechanical Properties and Apparent Densities 2.5 Finite Element Modeling 3 Results 3.1 Gait Analysis 3.2 Densitometry and X-Rays 3.3 Mechanical Properties and Apparent Densities 3.4 Finite Element Modeling 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 43 Forced Oscillations and Functional Analysis in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Volunteers 2.2 Functional Respiratory Examinations 2.3 6-Minute Walk Test 2.4 Processing, Presentation and Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 44 Differences in Respiratory Mechanics in Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis Evaluated by Forced Oscillations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Analysis of the Individuals 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Resistive FOT Parameters 3.2 Reactive FOT Parameters 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 45 Automated 3D Scanning Device for the Production of Forearm Prostheses and Orthoses Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Automated Device for 3D Scanning 2.2 Automated 3D Scanning Process 2.3 3D Image Composition 2.4 Performance Evaluation 2.5 Measuring Process 2.6 Manual Image Acquisition Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 46 Low Amplitude Hand Rest Tremor Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease Based on Linear and Nonlinear Methods Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Participants and Data Collection 2.2 Data Acquisition 2.3 Protocol for Data Collection 2.4 Signal Processing 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 47 Adaptation of Automatic Postural Responses in the Dominant and Non-dominant Lower Limbs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Participants 2.2 Task and Equipment 2.3 Experimental Design and Procedures 2.4 Data Collection and Analysis 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion Acknowledgements References 48 Influence of the Layout of the Ludic Tables on the Amplitude and Concentration of Upper Limb Movements Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Flexion and Extension of the Elbow 2.2 Adduction and Abduction of Shoulder 2.3 Flexion and Extension of the Shoulder 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 49 Photobiomodulation Reduces Musculoskeletal Marker Related to Atrophy Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Design 2.2 PBMT Protocol 2.3 Morphometric Analysis 2.4 Immunohistochemistry Analysis: Atrogin-1 Expression 2.5 Statistics 3 Results 3.1 Muscle Fiber CSA 3.2 Immunohistochemistry: Atrogin-1 Expression 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 50 Effectiveness of Different Protocols in Platelet-Rich Plasma Recovery Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 51 Evaluation of the Motor Performance of People with Parkinson’s Disease Through the Autocorrelation Function Estimated from Sinusoidal Drawings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Description of the Database 2.2 Task Description, Sensor Positioning and Data Collection 2.3 Data Analysis 2.4 Feature Extraction 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 52 Shear Modulus of Triceps Surae After Acute Stretching Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Procedure 2.2 Measurement of Triceps Surae Shear Modulus 2.3 Dorsiflexion ROM 2.4 Stretching Protocol 2.5 Statistics 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 53 Estimation of the Coordination Variability Between Pelvis-Thigh Segments During Gait at Different Walking Speeds in Sedentary Young People and Practitioners of Physical Activities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Protocol 3 Results 3.1 Classification of Coordination Patterns 3.2 Statistical Analysis 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 54 Gait Coordination Quantification of Thigh-Leg Segments in Sedentary and Active Youngs at Different Speeds Using the Modified Vector Coding Technique Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Protocol 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 55 Demands at the Knee Joint During Jumps in Classically Trained Ballet Dancers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Protocol 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 56 Modeling and Analysis of Human Jump Dynamics for Future Application in Exoskeletons Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 57 Functional Electrical Stimulation Closed-Loop Strategy Using Agonist-Antagonist Muscles for Controlling Lower Limb Movements Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 On the Quadriceps Muscle Group 3.2 On the Quadriceps and Hamstrings Muscle Groups 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 58 Control System Viability Analysis on Electrical Stimulation Platform 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Plant Validation 2.2 Controller Validation 2.3 Stimulator Validation 2.4 FES Applied to Plant and Control Validation 3 Results 3.1 Plant Validation 3.2 Controller Validation 3.3 Stimulator Validation 3.4 FES Applied to Plant and Control Validation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 59 Influence of the Use of Upper Limbs in the Vertical Jump on the Ground Reaction Force of Female Athletes from the Development Basketball Categories Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 60 Wearable System for Postural Adaptation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Wearable System Architecture 2.2 Hardware 2.3 Smartphone's App 2.4 Calibration and Use Cases 2.5 Test Protocols 3 Results 3.1 First Test 3.2 Second Test 3.3 Third Test 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Compliance with Ethical Requirements References 61 On the Use of Wrist Flexion and Extension for the Evaluation of Motor Signs in Parkinson’s Disease Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 62 Motor Performance Improvement in a Technological Age: A Literature Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 63 Modulation of EMG Parameters During Ankle Plantarflexor Fatigue in Trained Gymnasts and Healthy Untrained Controls Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Participants 2.2 Procedures 2.3 EMG Acquisition and Processing 2.4 Statistical Analyses 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements Appendix References 64 Amputation Rates in Southeastern Brazil Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Incidence of Amputation 3.2 Published Researches on Amputations in Southeastern Brazil 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 65 Design and Manufacturing of Flexible Finger Prosthesis Using 3D Printing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 3D Printing: Equipment, Parameters and Material 2.2 Biomechanics of the Index Finger 2.3 Scanning/Modeling of the Prosthesis 2.4 Finite Element Analysis 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion 5 Conflict of Interest References 66 Characterization of Sensory Perception Associated with Transcutaneous Electrostimulation Protocols for Tactile Feedback Restoration Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Continuous or Discrete Electrostimulation Perception 3.2 Sensory Intensity Perception 3.3 Sensory Perception of Frequency 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 67 Differences in Shear Modulus Among Hamstring Muscles After an Acute Stretching Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Experimental Procedure 2.3 Stretching Protocol 2.4 Measurement of Shear Modulus 2.5 Measurement of Maximum ROM 2.6 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 68 Adapted Children’s Serious Game Using Dennis Brown Orthotics During the Preparatory Phase for the Gait Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6 Conclusion 7 Conflict of Interest References 69 A Serious Game that Can Aid Physiotherapy Treatment in Children Using Dennis Brown Orthotics Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 5 Conclusion References 70 A Neuromodulation Decision Support System: A User-Centered Development Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Design Thinking 2.2 SMDQ App Development 2.3 User Evaluation 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions 6 Conflict of Interest References 71 Mechanisms of Shoulder Injury in Wheelchair Users 1 Introduction 2 Discussion 2.1 Epidemiology 2.2 Pain 2.3 Etiology 2.4 Prevention and Rehabilitation 3 Conclusion References 72 Development and Customization of a Dennis Brown Orthosis Prototype Produced from Anthropometric Measurements by Additive Manufacturing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 3D Modeling of Dennis Brown Orthosis 2.2 Computational Simulation of the Mechanical Resistance of the Orthosis 2.3 Production of Dennis Brown Orthosis by Additive Manufacture 2.4 Analysis of the Technical and Financial Feasibility of Orthosis Production 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6 Conclusions 7 Conflict of Interest References 73 Comparison of Kinematic Data Obtained by Inertial Sensors and Video Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Processing of Video Analysis Data 2.2 Processing of Accelerometer Data 2.3 Determination of Data Averages 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions 6 Conflict of Interests Reference 74 NNMF Analysis to Individual Identification of Fingers Movements Using Force Feedback and HD-EMG Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects and Protocol Setup 2.2 Data Processing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 75 Nonlinear Closed-Loop Control of an OpenSim Wrist Model: Tuning Using Genetic Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References 76 Quantification of Gait Coordination Variability of Pelvis-Thigh Segments in Young Sedentary and Practitioners People Walking in Different Slopes Using the Vector Coding Technique Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Protocol 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 77 Prediction of the Heel Displacement During the Gait Using Kalman Filter in 2D Image Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Kalman Filter 2.3 Data Processing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 78 Achilles Tendon Tangent Moduls of Runners Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Subjects 4 Tangent Modulus Calculation 5 Instrumentation and Data Acquisition Procedures 6 Statistical Analysis 7 Results 8 Discussion 9 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 79 Modeling and Simulation of Lower Limbs Exoskeleton for Children with Locomotion Difficulties Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Children Characteristics 2.2 Materials Selection 2.3 Actuation System Simulation 2.4 Mechanical Structure Modeling 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6 Conflict of Interest 7 Statement of Informed Consent 8 Statement of Human and Animal Rights 9 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 80 Remote Control Architecture for Virtual Reality Application for Ankle Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Robotic Device 2.2 Virtual Reality Application 2.3 Graphical User Interface 2.4 Communication 2.5 Test Protocol 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions and Future Works References 81 Callus Stiffness Evolution During the Healing Process—A Mechanical Approach Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Model 2.1 Stiffnesses Calculations 2.2 Sharing Load Calculations 2.3 Analytical Model Data 3 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements Appendix References 82 An Analytical Model for Knee Ligaments Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Model 3 Experimental Approach 4 Results 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements Appendix The 1D Model in Coronal Plane References 83 Anterior–Posterior Ground Reaction Forces During Gait in Children and Elderly Women Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Procedures 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 84 Gait Speed, Cadence and Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Children Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample 2.2 Procedures 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Sample Characterization 3.2 Vertical Forces and Time Parameters 3.3 Speed and Cadence 4 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References 85 May Angular Variation Be a Parameter for Muscular Condition Classification in SCI People Elicited by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation? Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Volunteers 2.2 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation, Electrodes and Electrogoniometer 2.3 Experimental Protocol 2.4 Angle Variation 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 86 Kinematics and Synergies Differences Between Horizontal and Vertical Jump Test Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sample and Experimental Protocol 2.2 Biomechanical Models and Data Processing 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 87 Modeling, Control Strategies and Design of a Neonatal Respiratory Simulator Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Respiratory System Model 2.2 Simulation Plant 2.3 Control System Design and Sensoring 3 Results 3.1 Spontaneous Mode 3.2 Pressure-Controlled Mode 3.3 Assisted Mode 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 88 Application of Recurrence Quantifiers to Kinetic and Kinematic Biomechanical Data Abstract 1 Introduction 2 RQA Applied to Kinetic and Kinematic Biomechanical Data 2.1 Recurrence Quantifiers 2.2 Recurrence as a Possibility for Kinetic and Kinematic Data Analysis 3 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 89 Virtual Environment for Motor and Cognitive Rehabilitation: Towards a Joint Angle and Trajectory Estimation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 The Orbbec Sensor 4 The Virtual Environment 5 The Tasks in the Game and the Data Acquisition Protocol 6 Results 7 Discussion 8 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 90 Kinematic Model and Position Control of an Active Transtibial Prosthesis 1 Introduction 2 Model Formulation 2.1 Kinematic Model 2.2 Motor Dynamics 2.3 Bionic Feet Model 2.4 Linearization 2.5 Control System 3 Discussions and Conclusion References 91 Development of a Parallel Robotic Body Weight Support for Human Gait Rehabilitation 1 Introduction 2 Review of Active BWS Structures 3 Modeling of the Structure 4 Experimental Tests 5 Game Integration 6 Conclusion References 92 Comparison Between the Passé and Coupé Positions in the Single Leg Turn Movement in a Brazilian Zouk Practitioner: A Pilot Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 93 Automatic Rowing Kinematic Analysis Using OpenPose and Dynamic Time Warping 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 OpenPose and Filtering for Angle Joint Estimation 2.2 Dynamic Time Warping 2.3 Our Contribution—Applying DTW to the Output Result of OpenPose 3 Results 4 Conclusion References 94 Analysis of Seat-to-Hand Vibration Transmissibility in Seated Smartphone Users Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Volunteers 2.2 Experimental Apparatus 2.3 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 95 Analysis of Matrix Factorization Techniques for Extraction of Motion Motor Primitives 1 Introduction 2 Motor Primitives Model 2.1 ICA—Independent Component Analysis 2.2 PCA—Principal Component Analysis 2.3 NNMF—Non-negative Matrix Factorization 2.4 SOBI—Second Order Blind Identification 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References 96 Control Design Inspired by Motors Primitives to Coordinate the Functioning of an Active Knee Orthosis for Robotic Rehabilitation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 2.1 Exoskeleton—ExoTao 2.2 Inverse Dynamics 2.3 OpenSim 2.4 Forward Dynamics 3 Control Developed fr