XLV Mexican Conference on Biomedical Engineering : Proceedings of CNIB 2022, 6–8 October, Puerto Vallarta, México

This book reports on fundamental research, cutting-edge technologies and industrially-relevant applications in biomedical engineering. It covers methods for analysis, modeling and simulation of biological systems, reporting on the development and design of advanced biosensors, nanoparticles and wearable devices. It covers applications in disease monitoring and therapy, tissue engineering, sport and rehabilitation, and telehealth. It also reports on engineering methods for improving and monitoring medical service, and on advanced robotic applications. Gathering the proceedings of the XLV Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Biomédica (CNIB2022), organised by the Mexican Society of Biomedical Engineering, this book offers a timely snapshot on technologies and methods in bioengineering, and on challenges related to their practical implementation in the health sector. Preface Distinguished Lecturer Message Organization Executive Committee Conference Chair Program Chair Scientific Committee Program Chair Program Co-chair Session Coordinators Committee Assistant Awards Committee Student Competition SOMIB Awards Organizing Committee Organizing Chair International Guests Professional Guests Universities Guests Workshops Exposition Chair Students Coordinator Education Committee Chair Co-chair Industry Committee Chair Innovation Committee Chair Logistics Committee Chair Graphic Design Administrative Support Public Relations Coordinator Referees Sponsoring Institutions Contents Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Device for the Fall Detection in Older Adults Through Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Selection of Electronic Components 2.2 General Procedure 2.3 Neural Network Architecture for Posture Detection 2.4 Device Design 2.5 Participants 3 Results 3.1 Sample Characterization 3.2 Device Fall Detection 3.3 Neural Network Operation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Breast Cancer Detection Algorithm Using Ensemble Learning 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Database 2.2 Naïve Bayes Algorithm 2.3 Artificial Neural Network 2.4 Support-Vector Machine 2.5 Composite Algorithm 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Graph Analysis of Functional Connectivity Rs-FMRI in Healthy and Epileptic Brain Using Visibility Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Case Study 3.2 Seed Regions of Interest 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Imagined Speech Recognition in a Subject Independent Approach Using a Prototypical Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 KaraOne Dataset 2.2 Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) 2.3 Prototypical Networks 3 Experimental Settings and Results 4 Conclusions References Design and Comparison of Artificial Intelligent Algorithms for Breast Cancer Classification 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Database 2.2 Artificial Neural Network 2.3 Naive Bayes Algorithm 2.4 Support Vector Machine 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Electrophysiological Signals Simulation with Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Data Acquisition and Processing 2.2 Data Reshape for Machine Learning Model 2.3 Machine Learning Model Design, Training and Testing 2.4 Model Utility 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Quantification of a Lip and Palate Clefts Classification 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Level 1. Unilateral Primary and Secondary Clefts 3.2 Level 2. Bilateral Primary Clefts 3.3 Level 3. Labial-Palatal Cleft (Primary and Secondary Palates) 3.4 Validation of the Relevance Factor (ρ) 4 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligence Applied to Breast Cancer Classification 1 Introduction 1.1 Mammography as a Method of Breast Cancer Screening 1.2 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Digital Image Processing 2.2 Development Environment 2.3 Proposed Algorithm 2.4 Training Models 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Computational Chemistry as an Educational Tool in Health Sciences 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of the Study 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Structure Analysis Results 3.2 Pedagogical Results 4 Conclusions 4.1 Discussion 4.2 Author’s Comment References A Gene-Community Overview of Transcriptional Dynamics During Neurodevelopment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Database 2.2 Community Neurodevelopment 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Gene Community Expression Dynamics 4 Conclusions References CNNs for ISCI Stage Recognition on Video Sequences 1 Introduction 1.1 Development of ICSI 1.2 Convolutional Neural Networks 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Stacked Spatial and Temporal Deep Learning Methods for Identification of Parkinson's Disease Using Gait Signals 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Databases Description 2.2 Signal Processing: Gait Cycles 2.3 CLDNN 2.4 Classification 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Diversity of Genotyping Chlamydia Trachomatis Serovars in Urogenital Samples from Mexican Patients: A Molecular and Bioinformatic Characterization 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Ethics Statement 2.2 Research Population 2.3 Samples and DNA Collection 2.4 Sampling 2.5 Multiplex PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of STI 2.6 OmpA-Targeted PCR 2.7 Identification of CT Serovars 2.8 Statistical and Bioinformatic Analysis 3 Results 3.1 PCR Results 3.2 Prevalence and Coinfection of CT Serovars 3.3 Phylogenetic Analysis 4 Analysis 5 Conclusions References Detection of Breast Cancer in Mammography Using Deep Learning Models 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Model and Hyper-parameter 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Modeling and Simulation of Biological Systems A Comparative Study on the Interaction of an Ototoxic and an Otoprotective with the Megalin Receptor Associated with Hearing Loss 1 Introduction 1.1 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 1.2 The Megalin 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Preparation of the Structures 2.2 Molecular Docking Studies 2.3 Binding Free Energy (ΔGb) Determinations 3 Results 3.1 Docking Assays 3.2 Electrostatic Contributions to the ΔGb 4 Conclusions References Collagen/Plasma-Polymerized Pyrrole Interaction: Molecular Docking and Binding Energy Calculations 1 Introduction 1.1 The Role of Collagen in Heart Tissue 1.2 Plasma-Synthesized Polypyrrole (PPPy) 2 Metodology 2.1 Preparation of Structures 2.2 Molecular Docking Studies 2.3 Binding Free Energy Calculations 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Implanted Pediatric Patient Early Audiometry 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Population 2.2 Tests 2.3 Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Thermal Performance of a Triple Slot Antenna Considering Temperature Dependence of Thermal and Electrical Conductivity, Blood Perfusion and Tissue Metabolism 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Micro-coaxial Triple-Slot Antenna 2.2 Antenna Modeling: Finite Element Method 2.3 Parameters Evaluation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 SWR and Areas of Ablated Tissue 3.2 Temperature Profiles 4 Conclusions References Modeling of the Interaction of Plasma-Polymerized Pyrrole with Immunoglobulin M (IgM) by Biocomputational Tools 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Molecular Docking Studies 2.2 Binding Energy Calculations (∆Gb) 2.3 Molecular Dynamics 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Nitrofuran Antibiotics and Their Derivatives: A Computational Chemistry Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Nitrofuran Antibiotics 3 Computational Chemistry 4 Materials and Methods 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Simulating the Ca2+-cAMP Crosstalk and Its Role in Pancreatic Cells 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Simulating the Loss of -cell Mass in a Human Pancreatic Islet: Structural and Functional Implications 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Reconstruction of Pancreatic Islets 2.2 Loss of -cells 2.3 Islet Connectivity Networks 2.4 Modelling the Electrical Behavior of the Human -cell 2.5 Computational Aspects 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Role of Endogenous Ca2+ Buffering and the Readily Releasable Pool on Fast Secretion in Auditory Inner Hair Cells 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Effects of Blood Flow on Insulin Concentration: A Modelling Study 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Bi-dimensional Slice of a Human Pancreatic Islet 2.2 Modeling Blood Flow in the Pancreatic Islet 2.3 Insulin Secretion from -cells and Diffusion Throughout the Islet Vasculature 2.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions 2.5 Computational Aspects 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Non-invasive Hypoglycemia Regulatory Patch with Glucagon Administration 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Hypoglycemia in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 System Description 2.2 Model Design and Flow Simulation 2.3 Passive Facilitated Diffusion 2.4 FICk’s Law 2.5 Physiology and Characteristics of the Skin 2.6 Glycerin 3 Results 3.1 Flow Analysis 3.2 Transdermal Patch 4 Conclusion References The Enzymatic Core of Snakes 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 RNA-seq Reads Acquisition 2.2 Read Quality Assessment and de novo Assembly 2.3 Identification of Transcript Sequences and Putative Coding for Enzymes 2.4 Enzymatic Intersection Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Structural Analysis for Enzymatic Homology Determination in Terpene Cyclases 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Effect of Thermal Dependence of Tissue Properties on the Antenna Performance: A 3D Parametric Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 3D Antenna Modeling 2.2 Electromagnetic and Thermal Modeling 2.3 Parametric Study 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Hepatic Cell Radial Flow Bioreactor Parametrization and Characterization as an Alternative Therapy to Liver Failure 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Bioreactor 2.2 Model Development 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Validation 3.2 Dynamic Analysis of the Bioreactor 4 Conclusions References Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine Gamma Radiation Detection Simulation System 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Gamma Radiation Distance Detector Design 2.2 JAVA Interface Design 2.3 Validation 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusion References Development of an Alternative Radiochromic Film Digitizer for Clinical Dosimetry 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Densitometry System: Layout 2.2 Radiochromic Film: Sampling, Irradiation and Calibration 2.3 Flatbed Scanner 2.4 Data Analysis: Noise, Fitting Uncertainty and Total Uncertainty 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Processing of Biomedical Signals Decoding Imagined Speech of Daily Use Words from EEG Signals Using Binary Classification 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Acquisition 2.2 Preprocessing 2.3 Feature Extraction 2.4 Classification 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Nonlinearity of Electrohysterographic Signals is Diminished in Active Preterm Labor 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Trend of Concentration of Men and Women Elucidated by Analysis of EEG Signals Recorded During a Fast Game 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Participants 2.2 Experiment Protocol 2.3 Pre-processing Step: Filtering 2.4 Characterization and Analysis of the Filtered Signals 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Time Results 3.2 Frequency Results 4 Conclusions References Effects on Body Posture and Gait Caused by Different Weights in the Backpack of University Students 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Participants 2.2 Protocol 2.3 Video Analysis 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Multiscale-Multifractal Assessment of Heart Rate Variability in Shift Workers by Detrended Fluctuation Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Database 2.2 Multifractal-Multiscale Detrended Fluctuation Analysis 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References EEG Connectivity Analysis in a Motor Imagery Task 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Database 2.2 Experimental Paradigm 2.3 Data Selection 2.4 Preprocessing 2.5 Adjacency Matrices Estimation 2.6 Graph Analysis 2.7 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Brain Mapping: Location of the Words Through EEG 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Participants 2.2 Stimuli 2.3 Segmentation and Relation of Words 2.4 EEG Recording 2.5 Signal Pre-processing and Artifact Removal 2.6 Signal Processing and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Processing of Biomedical Images Artifacts Generated by the 3D Rotation of a Freely-Swimming Human Sperm in the Measurement of Intracellular Ca2+ 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sperm Preparations 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Image Processing 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Morphological Temporal Analysis in Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease by Brain Graph Descriptors 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 T1–MRI Database 2.2 Automatic Brain Segmentation and Morphological Descriptors 2.3 Morphological Brain Networks 2.4 Graph Descriptors and Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References PET Image Reconstruction Using a GRU-Convolutional Network 1 Introduction 2 Theory 2.1 The Sinogram 2.2 Recurrent Networks 3 Methods 3.1 Proposed Method 3.2 Phantom Simulation 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Characterization of COVID-19 Diseased Lung Tissue Based on Texture Features 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Medical Images Dataset 2.2 Lung Tissue Segmentation 2.3 Definition of Pulmonary Regions 2.4 GLCM and GLRLM Matrices Definition 2.5 Textural Features Estimation 2.6 Descriptive and Statistic Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Glioblastoma Classification in Hyperspectral Images by Reflectance Calibration with Normalization Correction and Nonlinear Unmixing 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Proposed Calibration 2.2 Nonlinear Unmixing 2.3 Classification Results 3 Results 3.1 Calibration Results 3.2 Classification Results 4 Conclusions References Changes in Membrane Fluidity of the Expanded Mutant Huntingtin Protein with the Phasor-FLIM Approach Signatures of Laurdan 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Cell Culture 2.3 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy 2.4 The Phasor Approach for Lifetime Data 2.5 Phasor Distributions Analyzed by the Three-Cursor Approach 2.6 Statistics 3 Results 3.1 Expression of mHtt with a PolyQ53 Increases Membrane Fluidity in Total Membranes 3.2 Expression of mHtt PolyQ53 Does not Increases DR Processes in Total Membranes 4 Conclusion References A Method for Automatic Monoplane Angiography Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion References Lung Segmentation Algorithm and SVM Classification of COVID-19 in CT Images 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Lung Segmentation 2.2 Classification 3 Experimentation and Results 4 Conclusions References IOT in Health and Bioinstrumentation Disinfection Method Based on UV-C Light Using the Internet of Things for Cleaning Hospital Areas (COVID-19) 1 Introduction 1.1 Paper Distribution 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Raspberry Pi 2.2 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) 2.3 Smart Switch 2.4 UV-C Mobile Platform 2.5 Mobile Interface 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Development of Alpha Prototype of Handheld Device for Meibography 1 Introduction 2 Justification and Objectives 3 Methodology 3.1 Lens System (macro) 3.2 Infrared LED Illumination System 3.3 CPU Selection 3.4 Evaluation of Device Power Consumption 3.5 Evaluation of Image Quality 4 Results 4.1 Lens System (macro) 4.2 Illumination System 4.3 Graphic User Interface (GUI) 4.4 Evaluation of Device Power Consumption 4.5 Evaluation of Image Quality 5 Conclusions A Bill of Materials References Prototype of a Pulse Oximeter Based on an Open-Source Platform with Wireless Design and Cloud Service 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Statement 2 Related Work 2.1 Project Proposal 3 Methodology 3.1 Pulse Oximeter Design 3.2 Prototype Implementation 3.3 Prototype Evaluation 4 Results 4.1 Pulse Oximeter Prototype 4.2 Prototype Validation 4.3 Platform for Data Storage, Visualization and Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Wearable System for Measuring Vertical Ground Reaction Forces During the Gait Cycle 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design of Instrumented Insole 2.2 Manufacturing of the Instrumented Insole 2.3 Data Acquisition System (DAS) 3 Results 3.1 Characteristic Curve of the FSR Sensors 3.2 Vertical Ground Reaction Forces 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Design of a Pulse Oximeter with Altitude Measurement Bluetooth Communication and Android Application 1 Introduction 1.1 Post-COVID Sequels and Syndrome 1.2 Objective 2 Oximetry 2.1 Photoplethysmography (PPG) 2.2 Optimal Saturation Levels 3 Methods and Materials 3.1 Pulsatile Oximetry by the Reflective Method 3.2 Measurement of SpO2 3.3 Calibration 4 Design and Manufacture 4.1 Software Development 5 App in App Inventor 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 Oximeter Implementation and Prototype 7 Conclusions References Braille System Learning Introductory Device 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Programming 2.2 Electronic 2.3 Design 2.4 Testing 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Signal to Noise Ratio and Current Consumption in LED-LED Photoplethysmography 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The LED-LED PPG System 2.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Current Consumption 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Prototype for the Monitoring of Soda Lime in Anesthesia Machines Using Wi-Fi Alarm 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Programming and Design of the Web Page 2.2 Programming and Installation of the TCS-230 and MQ-7 Sensor Libraries 2.3 Programming the ESP8266-NodeMCU 2.4 Final Assembly of the Prototype 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of a Smartphone-Based Digital Phonocardiograph with Wireless Transmission Capabilities 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Hardware Design 2.2 Software Design 2.3 Pilot Tests of the Digital PCG 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Hardware 3.2 Software 3.3 Device Tests 4 Conclusion References System for Detection of Neonatal Apnea 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Circuits 2.2 Program 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References The Road to Making “Exergames” More Widely Available 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Design and Construction of Capacitive Coupling Electrostimulator to Induce Bone Tissue Regeneration 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Function Generator 2.2 Signal Conditioning 2.3 Current Circuit 2.4 Obtaining Current Values 3 Discussion 3.1 Test Protocol 4 Conclusions References Biosensors Paper-Based Microanalytical Device for Colorimetric Detection of Stress in Human Saliva Sample 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Reagents 2.2 μ-PADs Design and Fabrication 2.3 Characterization of the Nanostructured Surface 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Design and Colorimetric Detection 3.2 Characterization of the Nanostructured Surface 4 Conclusions References Construction of an Electrochemical Nanogenosensor for K-RAS Oncogene Detection 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Reagents 2.2 Modification of the Genosensor 2.3 Hybridization Assay and Selectivity of the Genosensor 2.4 Analytical Measurements 2.5 Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Computational Study of a:SiC:H Thin Films Deposited on Interdigitated Microelectrodes Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy 1 Introduction 2 Design and Simulations 2.1 Building of the Model in COMSOL 2.2 Equivalent Circuit Model 3 Simulation Results and Discussion 3.1 Conductivity Effects 3.2 Thickness Effects 3.3 Surface Topology Effects 4 Conclusions References Development of Non-enzymatic Sensor for Uric Acid Detection Based on Gold Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Reagents 2.2 Materials and Apparatus 2.3 Electrode Preparation 2.4 Electrochemical Characterization 2.5 UA Detection 3 Results 3.1 Characterization 3.2 Amperometry Detection 4 Conclusion References Unmodified Screen-Printed Electrodes-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Chemicals 2.2 Screen-Printed Electrodes 2.3 Instrumentation 3 Results 3.1 Linear-Sweep Voltammetry Study 3.2 Cyclic Voltammetry Study 3.3 Square-Wave Voltammetry Study 3.4 Comparison Between Electrochemical Methods 4 Conclusions References Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Paper-Based Biosensor for Wireless Measurement of Sweat Glucose 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Chemicals and Materials 2.2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on Paper Strips 2.3 Paper-Based Glucose Sensor Fabrication 2.4 Measurement Device 3 Results 3.1 Sensor Characterization 3.2 Sensor Calibration 4 Conclusions References Bioimpedance and Micro-nanotechnologies The Predictive Capacity of Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters at Frequencies of 5, 20, 50, 100, and 200 kHz to Identify Vector-Associated Febrile Syndromes in the Emergency Room of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Population and Sample 2.2 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Weight, and Height 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Application of Palladium Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for Electrical Bioimpedance Measurements on Biological Tissue 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Biological Tissues 2.2 Nanoparticles and Solutions 2.3 Equipment and Systems 2.4 Procedure 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Bladder Volume Monitoring by Electrical Bioimpedance Technique. Calibration Mathematical Models 1 Introduccion 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Bioimpedance Equipment 2.2 Ultrasound Equipment 2.3 Participants 2.4 Resistor-Capacitor Model 2.5 Data Acquisition 2.6 Data Analysis and Statistics 3 Analysis and Results 4 Conclusions References Mechanical Characterization of Patellar Tendon Strain by Electrical Impedance 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Bioimpedance Device 2.2 Ultrasound Device 2.3 Participants 2.4 Procedure 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Difference Obtained Between States 3.2 Results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test 3.3 Spearman Correlation 4 Conclusions References Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Bioimpedance Spectra in Final RT-PCR Products: A Sensitivity Threshold Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Design 2.2 DNA Extraction and RT-PCR Procedure 2.3 Bioimpedance Measurements 3 Results 3.1 RT-PCR Products 3.2 Bioimpedance Spectra 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Biomaterials, Molecular, Cellular and Tissue Engineering Design and Fabrication of a Radial Flow Bioreactor to Decellularize Muscular Arteries 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 System Description 2.2 Model Design and Flow Simulation 2.3 3D Printing 3 Results 3.1 Flow Analysis 3.2 Printed Model 4 Conclusions References Iron Carbide@Iron Oxide Core-Shell Nanoparticles Functionalization with L-Arginine Amphiphillic Bioconjugate 1 Introduction 1.1 Iron Nanoparticles 1.2 The Role of Surfactants in Metal Nanoparticles 1.3 Nanoparticle Bioconjugation 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Oleic Acid Modified with L-Arginine 2.2 Surfactant Purification 2.3 Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Prediction of Chemical Bonds of OAR Bioconjugation by Infrared 3.2 OAR Raman Spectroscopy 3.3 Morphological Analysis of OAR 3.4 OAR Size Analysis 3.5 ICIONPs Interaction with OAR 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Hemolytic Behavior and Bioactive Properties of Natural Wollastonite and Synthetic Hydroxyapatites Produced by Two Sol-Gel Routes 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Wollastonite 2.2 Sol-Gel Synthesis 2.3 Sintering of Materials 2.4 In Vitro Hemolysis Assay 2.5 In Vitro Bioactivity Studies of the Sintered Bioceramics 3 Results 3.1 Bioactive Properties 3.2 Particle Size Distribution 3.3 In Vitro Hemolytic Properties 4 Conclusion References Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers Synthesized Through the Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method for Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Synthesis of HAp by HAHM 2.2 Characterization of HAp Nanofibers 2.3 Preparation of the Composite Materials of HAp 2.4 Mechanical Compression of Composite Materials 3 Results 3.1 X-Ray Analysis 3.2 Electron Microscopy 3.3 High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy 3.4 Mechanical Behavior Study 3.5 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis 4 Analysis 5 Conclusions References Biological Pacemakers Obtained Through Cellular Differentiation for the Restoration of Sinoatrial Node Function. A Systematic Review 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of the Formation of an Ionic-Complementary Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogel for the Three-Dimensional Culture of Mammalian Cells in Vitro 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Formation of Peptide Hydrogel 2.2 Cell Culture 2.3 Three-Dimensional (3D) Cell Culture 2.4 Cell Viability 3 Results 3.1 Gelation of the F9 Peptide 3.2 Cell Viability 4 Conclusions References 3D Bioprinting of Hydrogels Using Hydrophobic Sands and Calcium Chloride as Structural Support 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Hydrogel Preparation and Characterization 2.3 3D Bioprinting 2.4 Kinetic Sand Evaluation and Cross-Linking Procedure 3 Results 3.1 Hydrogel Properties and 3D Bioprinting 3.2 Rheological Properties of Kinetic Sand-CaCl2 Support Baths 3.3 Evaluation of Crosslinking Mechanism 4 Conclusions References Rehabilitation, Biomechanics and Biorobotics Evaluation of Muscle Activity and Predisposition to Pain in Male Volleyball Players 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Abduction Gesture 3.2 Flexion Gesture 4 Conclusion References Hands-Free Walking Stick 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Weak Leg Problem 2.1 Effects on the Life of a Person with a Weak Leg 2.2 Load Analysis in One Step 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Concept of the Device 3.2 Sections of the Device 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Elbow Torque Estimation for Human-Robot Interaction Control 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Torque Estimation 2.2 Impedance Control with Bounded Actions 2.3 Human-Robot Interaction Task 3 Results 3.1 Experimental Torque Estimation 3.2 Performance of the Impedance Controller 4 Conclusions References Prototype of an Active Partial Hand Prosthesis for a Person with Symbrachydactyly 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Customized Socket 2.3 Prosthetic Fingers Design 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Electronic System to Determine Proximal and Medial Phalanges Strength in a Hand Exoskeleton Robot 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials and Methods 1.2 Experiments 1.3 Results 1.4 Conclusions References Clinical Engineering and Education Innovation and Control of Health Technology Management Procedures Applying Six Sigma Methodology 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Analysis and Innovation of Health Technology Management Procedures 3 Results 3.1 Analysis of the Procedure of Attention to Work Orders 3.2 Analysis of the Procedure of Inventory Supplies Control 3.3 Innovation of the Procedure of Attention to Work Orders 3.4 Innovation of the Procedure of Supply Inventory Control 3.5 Health Technology Management Activities 4 Conclusions References Exploratory Data Analysis for Preventive and Corrective Maintenance for Medical Equipment in a General Hospital from the Health Institute of the State of Mexico 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Medical Areas Selection 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Data Processing 3 Results 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Processing 4 Conclusions References Obsolescence Assessment Approach: Case of Mechanical Ventilators Under the Covid-19 Environment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Risk Factors 2.2 Multicriteria Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Application of the Quality Function Deployment Methodology for Quality Analysis in the Clinical Laboratory 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Analysis of SERVQUAL Questionnaires 3.2 Identification of Patients' Requirements 3.3 Engineering Goals 3.4 Construction of the Planning Matrix 3.5 Engineering Features 3.6 Construction of the Design Matrix 4 Conclusion References Strategies Employed in the Reconfiguration of Healthcare Facilities During COVID-19 in OECD Countries 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Document Search 2.2 Reconfiguration Strategies 3 Results 3.1 General Strategies for Hospital Care of Patients with COVID-19 3.2 Healthcare Initiatives Focused on Medical Devices for COVID-19 Patients 3.3 Equipment Guidelines Provided by PAHO for Latin American Countries 4 Conclusions References CO2 Levels in the Naso-Buccal Area Due to the Use of Different Face Masks in Different Ventilation Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Creation of a Needs Detection System for High Technology Medical Equipment or Medical Equipment that Require an Infrastructure Specification for the Mexico City’s Secretariat of Health 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Defining and Identifying the Needs of HTME and MEIS 2.2 Regulations and Evaluation Criteria 2.3 Development of the SIDENE 3 Results 3.1 General Information 3.2 Mem 3.3 Performance 3.4 Human Resource 3.5 Special Requirements 3.6 Services and Infrastructure 4 Conclusions References Use of Audiovisual Strategies as a Complementary Resource for Practical Courses in Biomedical Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Development and Implementation of Audiovisual Strategies 2.2 Students Survey Satisfaction 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Audiovisual Resources 3.2 Student Survey Satisfaction 3.3 Pros and Cons of both Modalities 4 Conclusions References Innovation of Technologies for Health Mechanical Design and Additive Manufacturing for a Low-Cost Hybrid Dermatoscope 1 Introduction 1.1 Paper Distribution 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Design Proposal 2.2 Static Analysis of the BiLux-TM Model 2.3 Construction and Instrumentation 3 Results 3.1 Construction and Instrumentation 3.2 Evaluation 4 Materials and Costs Analysis 5 Conclusion References Author Index