Xenotransplantation : The Transplantation of Organs and Tissues Between Species

The cover of this book depicts a Lamassu, one of the "fabulous" beasts of mythology [1]. Like many similar creatures, such as the Chimera, Griffon, Hippocamp, and Cockatrice, the body of the Lamassu was clearly a combination of structures derived from sev­ eral different species - in other words, it provides a highly success­ ful example of xenotransplantation. But in selecting a symbol of xenotransplantation to grace the cover of this volume, why choose the Lamassu in preference to the other ancient beasts? The reason is that the Lamassu appears to have been endowed with a much Fig. I. Homer described the Chimera as consisting of a lion's foreparts, a goat in the middle, and a serpent's hind parts VIII Foreword Fig. 2. The Griffon had the foreparts of an eagle, and the rear, tail, and hindlegs of a lion. Its eagle-like head had pointed, upstanding ears like those of an ass. Feathers grew upon its head, neck and chest, and the rest of its body was covered in leonine fur more benign and desirable character than many of its mythologi­ cal associates. For example, reliable reports state that the Chimera (Fig. 1)­ hitherto the animal most commonly selected to symbolize xenografting - killed everyone who came within range of its fiery breath. Perhaps not surprisingly, therefore, the Chimera is vari­ ously described as one of the "largest monsters ever born," a "sav­ age creature," and a "symbol of complex evil Front Matter....Pages I-XXIX Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction....Pages 3-7 Xenotransplantation — A Brief History of Clinical Experiences: 1900–1965....Pages 9-22 The Scientific Study of Xenografting: 1964–1988....Pages 23-43 Front Matter....Pages 45-45 Mechanism of Humoral Xenograft Rejection....Pages 47-67 Mechanism of Tissue Injury in Hyperacute Xenograft Rejection....Pages 69-79 Accommodation — The Role of Natural Antibody and Complement in Discordant Xenograft Rejection....Pages 81-99 Mechanism of Cellular Xenograft Rejection....Pages 101-120 Xenotolerance Through Bone Marrow Transplantation....Pages 121-138 Immunobiology of Xenografting in Rodents....Pages 139-160 Immunosuppression in Xenotransplantation....Pages 161-178 Front Matter....Pages 179-179 Histopathology of Kidney Xenograft Rejection....Pages 181-205 Histopathological, Immunofluorescent, and Electron-Microscopic Features of Hyperacute Rejection in Discordant Renal Xenotransplantation....Pages 207-230 Histopathology of Cardiac Xenograft Rejection....Pages 231-242 Ultrastructure of Hyperacute Rejection in Cardiac Xenografts....Pages 243-251 Histopathology of Liver Xenograft Rejection....Pages 253-272 Front Matter....Pages 273-273 Isolated Pancreas Islet Xenografting....Pages 275-296 Experimental Xenotransplantation of Encapsulated Cells....Pages 297-312 Experimental Xenotransplantation in Rodents — I: Plasma Exchange and Splenectomy....Pages 313-321 Experimental Xenotransplantation in Rodents — II: Skin Versus Heart Grafts....Pages 323-329 Experimental Xenotransplantation in Rodents — III: Total Lymphoid Irradiation, Cyclosporine, and Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 331-338 Front Matter....Pages 273-273 Experimental Xenotransplantation Between Closely Related Nonprimate Species....Pages 339-363 Experimental Xenotransplantation Between Closely Related Primate Species....Pages 365-375 Experimental Xenotransplantation Between Distantly Related Nonprimate Species....Pages 377-388 Experimental Xenotransplantation in Nonhuman Primates Using Distantly Related Donor Species....Pages 389-393 Ex Vivo Organ Perfusion Studies in Xenograft Research....Pages 395-403 Effects of Formed Elements on Xenograft Rejection in an Ex Vivo Organ Perfusion Model....Pages 405-425 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Evolutionary, Physiological, and Immunological Considerations in Defining a Suitable Donor for Man....Pages 429-438 Nonhuman Primate Blood Group Serology: Some Implications for Xenotransplantation....Pages 439-455 The Nonhuman Primate as Potential Organ Donor for Man: Virological Considerations....Pages 457-479 The Pig as Potential Organ Donor for Man....Pages 481-500 Human Antibodies to Pig Determinants and Their Association with Hyperacute Rejection of Xenografts....Pages 501-510 An Ethical Framework for Considering The Development of Xenotransplantation in Man....Pages 511-527 Front Matter....Pages 529-529 Experience with Clinical Kidney Xenotransplantation....Pages 531-540 Experience with Clinical Heart Xenotransplantation....Pages 541-557 Liver Xenotransplantation: Clinical Experience and Future Considerations....Pages 559-573 Back Matter....Pages 575-583 This volume provides a comprehensive review of our current knowledge in the field of xenotransplantation - the trans- plantation of organs and tissues between species. It provides background to both experimental and clinical ef- forts in this field and reviews current research approaches. The prospect of clinical application of this work in the near future makes the volume essential reading for anyone with an interest in the organ transplantation