Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle: Mass Flows, Environmental Processes, Mitigation and Treatment Strategies (Environmental Pollution Book 16)

The presence of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment is seen as one of the biggest challenges for a sustainable water future. Thus, there is a need to understand, in an integrated manner, the sources, flow paths, fate and effects of xenobiotics in the urban water cycle. This book is an authoritative and comprehensive reference source covering: -occurrence, sources and fluxes of xenobiotics in urban waters -processes concerning the fate and transport of xenobiotics, mass flows and transformation products -mitigation, treatment methods and systems for the removal of xenobiotics -risk assessment methodologies and risk management -information on source control and mitigation measures The book contains a wealth of information on some of the compounds most frequently found in urban water systems, and of special interest will be the chapters dealing with compounds that have only recently been investigated, such as illicit drugs, scents, and toxins. The book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, municipal authorities, and international policy-makers. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Quantitative Mass Flows of Selected Xenobiotics in Urban Waters and Waste Water Treatment Plants....Pages 3-26 Identifying and Classifying the Sources and Uses of Xenobiotics in Urban Environments....Pages 27-50 Illicit Drugs in the Urban Water Cycle....Pages 51-71 Precious Metals in Urban Aquatic Systems: Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium: Sources, Occurrence, Bioavailability and Effects....Pages 73-86 Fate and Effects of Little Investigated Scents in the Aquatic Environment....Pages 87-100 Sources and Occurrence of Cyanotoxins Worldwide....Pages 101-127 Occurrence and Measurements of Organic Xenobiotic Compounds in Harbour and Coastal Sediments....Pages 129-145 Determination of Sources and Emissions of Persistent Organic Contaminants by Means of Sewage Sludge: Results from a Monitoring Network....Pages 147-157 Front Matter....Pages 159-159 Metabolic and Co-metabolic Degradation of Industrially Important Chlorinated Organics Under Aerobic Conditions....Pages 161-178 Photochemical Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: Reaction Pathways and Intermediates....Pages 179-194 The Challenge of the Identification and Quantification of Transformation Products in the Aquatic Environment Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry....Pages 195-211 Transport and Fate of Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle: Studies in Halle/Saale and Leipzig (Germany)....Pages 213-226 Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Urban Water Cycles: A Discussion of Novel Concepts for Environmental Risk Assessment....Pages 227-243 Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) in the Environment: Data for Environmental Toxicity Assessment....Pages 245-257 Front Matter....Pages 259-259 Efficiency of Removal of Compounds with Estrogenic Activity During Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Various Removal Techniques....Pages 261-282 Criteria for Designing Sewage Treatment Plants for Enhanced Removal of Organic Micropollutants....Pages 283-306 Xenobiotics Removal by Membrane Technology: An Overview....Pages 307-338 Membrane BioReactors: A Cost-Effective Solution to Enhance the Removal of Xenobiotics from Urban Wastewaters?....Pages 339-354 Removal of Xenobiotics from Wastewater in Sequencing Batch Reactors: Conventional and Two-Phase Configurations....Pages 355-374 Fate and Occurrence of Surfactants-Derived Alkylphenolic Compounds in Conventional and Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Wastewater Treatment Plants....Pages 375-385 Front Matter....Pages 259-259 Removal of Xenobiotic Compounds from Water and Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes....Pages 387-412 Biological, Chemical and Photochemical Treatment of Commercially Important Naphthalene Sulphonates....Pages 413-430 Uptake of Xenobiotics from Polluted Waters by Plants....Pages 431-444 Treatment Techniques and Analysis of Stormwater Run-off from Roads in Hamburg, Germany....Pages 445-461 Front Matter....Pages 463-463 Options for Mitigation: An Overview of Measures....Pages 465-479 Front Matter....Pages 481-481 Outlook....Pages 483-485 Erratum to: Chapter 12 Transport and Fate of Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle: Studies in Halle/Saale and Leipzig (Germany)....Pages E1-E1 Back Matter....Pages 487-507 The history of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences is an impressive success story. The products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries are present eve- where in our everyday life. They help to pursue the modern way of living and they contribute to our high standard of living and safety, mobility, communication te- nologies, food, health, textiles and drinking water treatment, among many others. These products are labeled under the categories: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, det- gents, fertilizers, dyes, paints, preservatives, food additives and personal care pr- ucts, to name a few. Within these categories, groups of chemicals with similar structures can be found. However, often groups of chemicals with very different structures belong to the same category. For a long time the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, their usage and application was connected with the heavy pollution of the environment and serious health effects. At the end of the last century, it was realised that the products of che- cal and pharmaceutical industries are presenting a new type of environmental pol- tion that may also pose a health risk to the consumer. Most chemicals are used in so-called open applications in excessive amounts e. g. for personal care, hygiene, plant protection, health and in textiles. In many cases such as scents, detergents, textile chemicals, surface disinfectants, pesticides and others it is unavoidable that these chemicals are released into the environment according to their intended use.

the Presence Of Xenobiotics In The Aquatic Environment Is Seen As One Of The Biggest Challenges For A Sustainable Water Future. Thus, There Is A Need To Understand, In An Integrated Manner, The Sources, Flow Paths, Fate And Effects Of Xenobiotics In The Urban Water Cycle.

this Book Is An Authoritative And Comprehensive Reference Source Covering: Occurrence, Sources And Fluxes Of Xenobiotics In Urban Waters, Processes Concerning The Fate And Transport Of Xenobiotics, Mass Flows And Transformation Products, Mitigation, Treatment Methods And Systems For The Removal Of Xenobiotics, Risk Assessment Methodologies And Risk Management, Information On Source Control And Mitigation Measures.

the Book Contains A Wealth Of Information On Some Of The Compounds Most Frequently Found In Urban Water Systems, And Of Special Interest Will Be The Chapters Dealing With Compounds That Have Only Recently Been Investigated, Such As Illicit Drugs, Scents, And Toxins.