X-Ray Microscopy : Proceedings of the International Symposium, Göttingen, Fed. Rep. Of Germany, September 14–16, 1983

Front Matter....Pages I-IX Introduction....Pages 1-2 Front Matter....Pages 3-3 The BESSY Soft X-Ray Source and Future Developments....Pages 4-10 Recent and Future Developments at L.U.R.E. (Orsay)....Pages 11-18 X-Ray Emission from a 1 kJ Plasma Focus....Pages 19-24 Laser Produced Plasma VUV and Soft X-Ray Light Sources....Pages 25-29 Spectral Radiant Power Measurements of VUV and Soft X-Ray Sources....Pages 30-37 Front Matter....Pages 39-39 Optimum Zone Plate Theory and Design....Pages 40-50 Planar Techniques for Fabricating X-Ray Diffraction Gratings and Zone Plates....Pages 51-62 Zone Plates for X-Ray Microscopy....Pages 63-74 Construction of a Micro Zone Plate and Evaluation of Imaging Properties....Pages 75-90 Construction of Condenser Zone Plates for a Scanning X-Ray Microscope....Pages 91-96 Recent Advances in X-Ray Optics....Pages 97-108 Fabrication of Small Linewidth Diffractive Optics for Use with Soft X-Rays....Pages 109-118 Submicron Lithography by Demagnifying Electron-Beam Projection....Pages 119-128 Grazing Incidence Optics for X-Ray Microscopy....Pages 129-138 Use of Multilayers for X-UV Optics: Their Fabrication and Tests in France....Pages 139-143 Multilayers for X-Ray Optical Applications....Pages 144-162 Performance Tests on Layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSM’s) for X-Ray Optical Elements....Pages 163-170 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 Charge and Scintillation Gaseous Detectors for Low Energy X-Rays....Pages 172-183 The Detection of Soft X-Rays with Charged Coupled Detectors....Pages 184-189 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 The Göttingen X-Ray Microscope and X-Ray Microscopy Experiments at the BESSY Storage Ring....Pages 192-202 Recent Results from the Stony Brook Scanning Microscope....Pages 203-216 The Göttingen Scanning X-Ray Microscope....Pages 217-225 A Scanning Soft X-Ray Microscope Using Normal Incidence Mirrors....Pages 226-231 X-Ray Microscopy at the Daresbury Laboratory....Pages 232-241 X-Ray Microscopy at Imperial College....Pages 242-250 Photoelectron X-Ray Microscopy: Recent Developments....Pages 251-260 Front Matter....Pages 261-261 Prospects and Problems in X-Ray Microscopy....Pages 262-267 Biological Applications of X-Ray Contact Microscopy....Pages 268-278 Recent Developments in X-Ray Contact Microscopy....Pages 279-284 Soft X-Ray Contact Microscopy and Microchemical Analysis of Biological Specimens....Pages 285-293 X-Ray Microscopy as a Possible Tool for the Investigation of Plant Cells....Pages 294-299 Possible Applications of X-Ray Microscopy in Pathology....Pages 300-303 Time Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy in Biology....Pages 304-307 Quantitative Microanalysis with High Resolution Using Soft X-Rays — Possible Applications....Pages 308-313 On the Possibility of Imaging Microstructures by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Pattern Analysis....Pages 314-316 Front Matter....Pages 317-317 Possibilities for X-Ray Holography Using Synchrotron Radiation....Pages 318-335 The Study of the Helical Undulator Parameters Installed in the Storage Ring VEPP-2M as a Source of X-Ray Microscopy and Holography....Pages 336-343 Back Matter....Pages 345-351 X-ray microscopy fills a gap between optical and electron microscopy. Using soft x-rays, a resolution higher than with visible light can be obtained. In comparison to electron microscopy, thick, wet, unstained specimens can be examined. This is especially advantageous for biological applications. The intense synchrotron radiation of electron storage rings and the de velopment of optical elements for soft x-rays render x-ray microscopy feasi ble for basic research. Wider applications will be possible in the future with the development of laboratory x-ray sources and microscopes. In 1979 a conference on x-ray microscopy was organized by the New York Academy of Sciences and in 1981 a symposium on high resolution soft x-ray optics was held at Brookhaven. The present volume contains the contributions to the sympos i um "X-Ray Microscopy", organ i zed by the Akademie der Wi ssen schaften in Gottingen in September 1983. In their capacity as conference chairmen, the editors would like to thank the Akademie der Wissenschaften, especially Prof. H.G. Wagner, Secretary of the Academy, and Mr. J. Pfahlert for organizing the symposium. We are in debted to the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk for financial support. The symposium was held at the Max-Planck-Institut fUr Stromungsforschung. We are grateful for their hospitality and assistance during the symposium. Thanks are due to all authors and to the Springer Verlag for their combined efforts. We thank Dipl.-Phys. P. Guttmann, Dr. B. Niemann and Mrs. A. Marienhagen for their assistance during the final preparation of the manuscripts