Writing the Holy Land: The Franciscans of Mount Zion and the Construction of a Cultural Memory, 1300–1550 (The New Middle Ages)

The book shows how the Franciscans in Jerusalem in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries wrote works which standardized the cultural memory of the Holy Land. The experience of the late medieval Holy Land was deeply connected to the presence of the Franciscans of the Convent of Mount Zion in Jerusalem, who welcomed and guided pilgrims. This book analyses this construction of a shared memory based on the continuous availability of these texts in the Franciscan library of Mount Zion, where they were copied and adapted to respond to new historical contexts. This book shows how the Franciscans developed a representation of the Holy Land by elaborating on its history and describing its religious groups and the geography of the region. This representation circulated among pilgrims and influenced how contemporaries imagined the Holy Land Preface 7 Acknowledgements 10 Contents 12 Abbreviations 14 List of Figures 15 Chapter 1: Introduction: Writing the Holy Land 16 Chapter 2: The Franciscan Holy Land 40 The Franciscans and the Holy Land 40 The Franciscans in the Holy Land 51 Conclusion 68 Chapter 3: The Convent of Mount Zion and Book Production and Circulation 69 Liturgical Manuscripts 75 The Missal of Mount Zion 75 The Missale Francescano Padovano 80 Assisting Pilgrims in Soul and Body 83 Incunables and Early Prints 89 Health of Pilgrims and Friars 92 The Study of the Bible, in the Land of the Bible 93 The Collection of Privileges of the Archivio Custodiale 98 Conclusion 100 Chapter 4: Early Franciscan Descriptions and Maps of the Holy Land 102 Historiography and Representation of Time in Franciscan Culture 102 Maps and Descriptions of the Holy Land in Paolino Veneto and Marin Sanudo 110 Giovanni di Fedanzola da Perugia 116 The Franciscans and Victorines: Some Remarks on Memory and Space 125 The Grid Maps and the Convent of Mount Zion 132 Conclusion 139 Chapter 5: Franciscan Compilations, Miscellaneous Manuscripts and Composite Volumes on the Holy Land 140 Organizing Material for the Holy Land: Compilations and Miscellaneous Manuscripts from Mount Zion 140 The 1373/1374 Compilation 146 The Description of the Geographical Space 154 The History of the Holy Land 168 Scope and Structure of the Compilation 176 Influence 178 Crusader Chronicles: Den Haag Manuscript and Vat. Lat. 10688 and the Memoriale Sub Compendio Acquisicionis Civitatis Sancte Iherusalem Totiusque Terre Sancte 180 The 1471 Guidebook to the Holy Land 189 Conclusion 195 Chapter 6: Franciscan Descriptions of the Holy Land in the Fifteenth Century 197 The Texts 199 The Description of the Geographical Space 204 The History of the Holy Land 215 The Religious Groups of the Levant 222 Why Is the Holy Land Recommended? 232 Conclusion 235 Chapter 7: Between the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance 237 Texts from Mount Zion Between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 238 Paul Walther von Guglingen 238 Francesco Suriano 241 Antonio Cruzado 243 Anshelm 244 Gabriel of Pécsvárad 244 Nikolaus Wanckel 246 Francesco Zorzi 247 The New Treatises and the Sources from Mount Zion 248 The Cosmography and Geography of the Holy Land 254 The Holy Land and Cosmography in Franciscan Treatises 254 The Centrality of the Holy Land in Guglingen 255 The Centrality of the Holy Land in Suriano 260 The Centrality of the Holy Land in Gabriel of Pécsvárad, Cruzado, Wanckel and Zorzi 264 The Geography of the Holy Land 265 Guglingen and the Description of the Holy Places 265 Suriano and the Description of the Holy Places 268 The Description of the Holy Places in the Other Treatises 269 History in the Franciscan Treatises 270 The History of Jerusalem and the Holy Land in Suriano and Guglingen 271 The History of Jerusalem and the Holy Land in the Other Franciscan Treatises 274 The Other Religious Groups in the Holy Land 276 Guglingen and the Other Religious Groups of the Holy Land 277 The Other Religious Groups in the Holy Land in Suriano and the Other Franciscan Treatises 280 The Franciscan Treatises and the Languages of the Levant 284 Reasons Why the Holy Land Is Holy and the Franciscan Engagement with the Holy Places 285 The Treatises and the Franciscans in the Holy Land 287 Conclusion 291 Chapter 8: The Lists of Holy Places and Indulgences (Indulgenziari) and Their Diffusion 293 Early Cases of Manuscript Transmission of the Indulgenziari: Venice and the Franciscans 296 Indulgenziari, Translation and Devotion 301 The Indulgenziari as a Canvas for New Information on the Holy Land 304 Indulgenziari and Pilgrimage 309 The Printing Press and the Indulgenziari 313 Conclusion 315 Chapter 9: Franciscan Texts and Late Medieval Pilgrimage Accounts 316 Descriptions of the Holy Places: The Franciscan Text as Vorlage 321 Influence of Chronicles of the Holy Land and Description of Religious Groups from Mount Zion 350 Conclusions 358 Chapter 10: Conclusions: Loss, Trauma, Recovery 359 Appendix: Summary Description of Analysed Manuscripts 364 Manuscripts Chap. 3 364 1. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MIN 1 (Missale del monte Sion) 364 2. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MIN 2 (Zz V19) 365 3. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 9 365 3. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 17 (Lat. 1 A) 366 4. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 19 (Lat. 3 A) 366 5. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 26 (ZZ IV 22) 368 6. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sancte, MS 32 368 7. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 73 (Lat. 5 A) 368 8. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae sanctae, MS 81 (MS 76 and ZZ IV 27) 369 9. Jerusalem, Bibliotheca Generalis Custodiae Terrae Sanctae, MS 78 369 10. Jerusalem, Archivio Storico Della Custodia di Terra Santa, CC, Diplomatico, Copiari Pontifici, 1 (Codice A) 370 Manuscripts Chap. 5 371 1. Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliothek, MS 73 G 8 371 2. Pisa, Archivio Storico Diocesano, Miscellanea Zucchelli, N° XXXIII, Appendice II, Inserto III 373 3. Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Hs. 3468 374 4. Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 10688 376 5. Versailles, Bibliothèque Municipale, MS L. 0097 (Lebaudy 8° 052) 378 6. Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Guelf. 391 Helmst 379 Manuscripts Chap. 6 381 1. Cittá del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 558 381 2. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Lat. 4826 382 3. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 758 382 Manuscripts Chap. 7 384 1. Neuburg an der Donau, Staatliche Bibliothek, 04/Hs. INR 10 384 2. Perugia, Biblioteca Comunale Augusta, MS E 39 384 Manuscripts Chap. 8 385 1. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cgm 1274 385 2. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 24167 385 3. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Lat. 4370 386 4. Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, It. II 9 (4986, Origin Farsetti) 386 5. Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, CCCCLXXXV 388 Bibliography 390 Manuscripts 390 Austria 390 Belgium 390 France 390 Versailles, Bibliothèque Municipale 390 Germany 391 Israel 391 Italy 391 Pisa 392 Netherlands 392 United Kingdom 392 Vatican City 393 Primary Sources 393 Secondary Sources 399 Index 431 The book shows how the Franciscans in Jerusalem in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries wrote works which standardized the cultural memory of the Holy Land. The experience of the late medieval Holy Land was deeply connected to the presence of the Franciscans of the Convent of Mount Zion in Jerusalem, who welcomed and guided pilgrims. This book analyzes this work of construction of a shared memory based on the continuous availability of these texts in the Franciscan library of Mount Zion, where these texts were changed and adapted to respond to new historical contexts. It shows how the representation of the Holy Land developed by the Franciscans in these centuries as they elaborated on the history described different religious groups and the geography of the region. This book reveals how this representation was shared among pilgrims in the library of Mount Zion itself and beyond. Michele Campopiano is Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) at the Centre for Medieval Studies of the University of York, UK. He has participated in a number of international projects and held several grants, including a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers Front Matter ....Pages i-xvii Introduction: Writing the Holy Land (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 1-24 The Franciscan Holy Land (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 25-53 The Convent of Mount Zion and Book Production and Circulation (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 55-87 Early Franciscan Descriptions and Maps of the Holy Land (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 89-126 Franciscan Compilations, Miscellaneous Manuscripts and Composite Volumes on the Holy Land (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 127-183 Franciscan Descriptions of the Holy Land in the Fifteenth Century (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 185-224 Between the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 225-280 The Lists of Holy Places and Indulgences (Indulgenziari) and Their Diffusion (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 281-303 Franciscan Texts and Late Medieval Pilgrimage Accounts (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 305-347 Conclusions: Loss, Trauma, Recovery (Michele Campopiano)....Pages 349-353 Back Matter ....Pages 355-438