نوشتن تنجر در انتقال پساکولونیالی: فضا و قدرت در ادبیات مهاجران و شمال آفریقا

In his study of the Tangier expatriate community, Michael K. Walonen analyzes the representations of French and Spanish Colonial North Africa by Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, William Burroughs, Brion Gysin, and Alfred Chester during the end of the colonial era and the earliest days of post-independence. The conceptualizations of space in these authors' descriptions of Tangier, Walonen shows, share common components: an attention to the transformative potential of the conflict sweeping the region; a record of the power relations that divided space along lines of gender and ethnicity, including the spatial impact of the widespread sexual commerce between Westerners and natives; a vision of the Maghreb as a land that can be dominated or imposed on as a kind of frontier space; an expression of anxieties about the specters of Cold War antagonisms; and, an embrace of the underlying logic of the market to the culture of the Maghreb. Counterbalancing the depictions of Tangier by Westerners who sought to reconcile their nostalgia for the colonial order with their support of native demands for independent governance is Walonen's extended analysis of the contrasting sense of place found in the writings of native Moroccan authors such as Mohammed Choukri, Tahar Ben Jelloun, and Anouar Majid. In its focus on Tangier and the larger Maghreb as a lived environment situated at a particular spatial and temporal crossroads, Walonen's study makes an important contribution to the fields of urban, transatlantic, and postcolonial studies. Contents 6 List of Figures 8 Acknowledgements 10 1 Introduction 14 2 The Cultural Dynamics of Expatriate Tangier 26 3 Paul Bowles, Approaching the Maghreb 50 4 Always on the Outside: Jane Bowles’s Vision of Spatial Impenetrability 82 5 “Don’t ever fall for this inscrutable oriental shit like Bowles puts down”: Demystifying and Remystifying the Maghreb in William Burroughs’s Tangier Writings 92 6 Brion Gysin’s Conflictive Maghreb 110 7 Alfred Chester: In Search of Belonging Through Mapping and Sex 128 8 A Counter-Discourse of Tangerian Space in the Works of Tahar Ben Jelloun and Anouar Majid 142 Afterword 162 Bibliography 166 Index 174 Introduction -- The Cultural Dynamics Of Expatriate Tangier -- Paul Bowles, Approaching The Maghreb -- Always On The Outside: Jane Bowles's Vision Of Spatial Impenetrability -- Don't Ever Fall For This Inscrutable Oriental Shit Like Bowles Puts Down: Demystifying And Remystifying The Maghreb In William Burroughs's Tangier Writings -- Brion Gysin's Conflictive Maghreb -- Alfred Chester: In Search Of Belonging Through Mapping And Sex -- A Counter-discourse Of Tangerian Space In The Works Of Tahar Ben Jelloun And Anouar Majid. Michael K. Walonen. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. In his study of the Tangier expatriate community at the end of the colonial era, Walonen analyses representations of French and Spanish Colonial North Africa by Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, William Burroughs, Brion Gysin and Alfred Chester. Depictions of place by native Moroccan authors such as Mohammed Choukri, Tahar Ben Jelloun and Anouar Majid counterbalance Western expressions both of nostalgia for the colonial order and of support for native demands for independent governance A study of the Tangier expatriate community. It analyzes the representations of French and Spanish Colonial North Africa by Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, William Burroughs, Brion Gysin, and Alfred Chester during the end of the colonial era and the earliest days of post-independence.