Worldmark encyclopedia of the nations. Volume 1, United Nations

A completely revised and updated new 12th Edition of the classic five-volume reference to all countries of the world, their dependencies, and the United Nations. Provides a 2 1/2 -million word portrait of the 176 countries of the world, under 50 uniform subject headings, and includes a complete, up-to-the-minute volume on the United Nations and its agencies. Covers new countries, new members to the United Nations, and population projections to the year 2005. Contains 70ew material, and has been completely reset for easy readability. Includes 187 black-and-white maps and 5 color endsheet maps. CONTENTS......Page 4 READER’S GUIDE......Page 5 FOREWORD......Page 15 FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 14 FROM THE INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 16 CONVERSION TABLES......Page 19 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS......Page 20 GLOSSARY OF RELIGIOUSHOLIDAYS......Page 23 GLOSSARY OF SPECIAL TERMS......Page 27 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 30 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 36 THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM......Page 38 THE UNITED NATIONS FAMILY OF ORGANIZATIONS......Page 39 STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM......Page 40 UN SPECIALIZED AND TECHNICAL AGENCIES......Page 41 THE SIZE AND COST OF THE UN SYSTEM......Page 42 COMPARISON WITH THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS......Page 43 THE UNS GREATER SCOPE......Page 44 DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO THE SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE......Page 46 SUBSEQUENT CHARTER AMENDMENT......Page 47 PRINCIPLES......Page 49 ADMISSION OF MEMBERS......Page 50 REPRESENTATION OF NATIONS IN THE UN......Page 51 THE HEADQUARTERS BUILDINGS......Page 55 PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES......Page 56 PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES......Page 57 EMBLEM AND FLAG OF THE UN......Page 58 COMMITTEES ASSISTING THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN FINANCIAL MATTERS......Page 59 INCOME ESTIMATES......Page 60 PROPOSALS TO EASE THE UNS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES......Page 61 FUNCTIONS AND POWERS......Page 64 ORGANIZATION......Page 65 AGENDA OF THE ASSEMBLY......Page 66 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ASSEMBLY......Page 67 MEMBERSHIP......Page 69 FUNCTIONS AND POWERS......Page 70 MAINTAINING INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY......Page 71 SUBSIDIARY ORGANS......Page 75 COMPOSITION......Page 78 SUBSIDIARY ORGANS......Page 79 ORGANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES......Page 81 PROPOSED RESTRUCTURING......Page 82 THE UN TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM......Page 83 THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL......Page 84 OPERATION OF THE TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM......Page 85 NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF JUDGES......Page 86 COMPETENCE AND JURISDICTION OF THE COURT......Page 87 ADVISORY OPINIONS......Page 88 SOME CASE HISTORIES OF DISPUTES SUBMITTED TO THE COURT......Page 89 STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE SECRETARIAT......Page 91 THE EVOLVING ROLE OF THE SECRETARIAT......Page 95 THE ROLE OF THE UN SECRETARYGENERAL......Page 96 THE SECRETARIES GENERAL......Page 97 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER DAG HAMMARSKJfLD, 1953-1961......Page 99 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER U THANT, 19611971......Page 101 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER KURT WALDHEIM, 1972-1981......Page 102 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER JAVIER PYREZ DE CUYLLAR, 1982-1991......Page 103 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI 1992-1996......Page 106 DEVELOPMENTS UNDER KOFI ANNAN, 1997-......Page 109 POLITICAL BACKGROUND TO THE UNS PEACEKEEPING ACTION......Page 113 TYPES OF ACTION TAKEN BY THE UN......Page 114 SOME CASE HISTORIES OF UN ACTION......Page 127 INITIAL EFFORTS......Page 136 SPECIAL SESSIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ON DISARMAMENT......Page 137 DISARMAMENT MACHINERY......Page 139 MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS......Page 140 MAJOR ISSUES AND DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATION EFFORTS......Page 142 OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION......Page 148 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS......Page 151 CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES......Page 152 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE ARMS RACE......Page 153 STUDIES, RESEARCH, INFORMATION, AND TRAINING......Page 154 DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION......Page 155 UN CONFERENCES ON OUTER SPACE......Page 156 DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ON OUTER SPACE......Page 157 UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA......Page 158 THE CONTENTIOUS ISSUE OF DEEP SEA MINING......Page 159 FIRST UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 161 NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER......Page 162 THIRD UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 163 FOURTH UN DEVELOPMENT DECADE......Page 164 THE EARTH SUMMITAGENDA 21......Page 165 THE 1994 AGENDA FOR DEVELOPMENT......Page 166 JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT......Page 167 WORLD FOOD COUNCIL (WFC)......Page 168 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT......Page 170 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY......Page 172 REGIONAL COMMISSIONS......Page 173 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)......Page 178 UN CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD)......Page 183 WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (WFP)......Page 186 UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA)......Page 187 UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM (UNEP)......Page 188 UN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAM (HABITAT)......Page 191 UN UNIVERSITY (UNU)......Page 192 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN (INSTRAW)......Page 193 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN (UNIFEM)......Page 195 INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF......Page 196 UN CHILDRENS FUND (UNICEF)......Page 199 OFFICE OF UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)......Page 204 UN RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST (UNRWA)......Page 208 AGING AND THE ELDERLY......Page 209 DISABLED PERSONS......Page 210 THE FAMILYSOCIETYS BUILDING BLOCK......Page 211 CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE......Page 212 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR NARCOTIC DRUGS CONTROL......Page 216 THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS......Page 223 OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS......Page 226 WAR CRIMES RECORDS......Page 227 REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS......Page 228 THE FIGHT AGAINST RACIAL DISCRIMINATION......Page 229 THE WORK OF THE UN RELATING TO THE STATUS OF WOMEN......Page 230 OTHER DECLARATIONS IN THE HUMAN RIGHTS FIELD......Page 232 TRUST TERRITORIES......Page 235 TERRITORIES COVERED BY THE DECLARATION......Page 236 THE ROLE OF THE UN......Page 237 THE 1960 ASSEMBLY DECLARATION ON THE ENDING OF COLONIALISM......Page 238 PROGRESS OF DECOLONIZATION......Page 239 INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION......Page 245 UN COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW (UNCITRAL)......Page 249 THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 251 ADDRESSES OF THE PRINCIPAL UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS......Page 254 ADDRESSES OF UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION CENTERS AND SERVICES......Page 257 UNITED NATIONS ONLINE DATABASES......Page 262 LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 264 LIBRARIES IN CANADA......Page 265 STAFF FIGURES FOR SELECTED UN BODIES AND RELATED AGENCIES (2006 ESTIMATES)......Page 266 THE UNITED NATIONS RELATED AGENCIES......Page 267 THE AGENCIES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERWITH EFFECTIVE DATES OF ESTABLISHMENT......Page 268 BACKGROUND:......Page 269 STRUCTURE......Page 270 ACTIVITIES......Page 271 BACKGROUND:......Page 278 STRUCTURE......Page 279 THE ISSUE OF INDEPENDENT WORKER AND EMPLOYER REPRESENTATION......Page 280 ACTIVITIES......Page 282 BACKGROUND:......Page 291 BUDGET......Page 292 ACTIVITIES......Page 293 INCREASING FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION......Page 296 IMPROVING HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 299 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT......Page 300 PROMOTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 301 BACKGROUND:......Page 304 STRUCTURE......Page 305 ACTIVITIES......Page 307 BACKGROUND:......Page 315 STRUCTURE......Page 316 ACTIVITIES......Page 317 BACKGROUND:......Page 332 STRUCTURE......Page 333 ACTIVITIES......Page 334 BACKGROUND:......Page 338 STRUCTURE......Page 339 ACTIVITIES......Page 341 BACKGROUND:......Page 343 STRUCTURE......Page 344 BUDGET......Page 345 ACTIVITIES......Page 346 PUBLICATIONS......Page 347 BACKGROUND:......Page 349 ACTIVITIES......Page 350 BACKGROUND:......Page 355 ACTIVITIES......Page 356 BACKGROUND:......Page 360 BUDGET......Page 361 ACTIVITIES......Page 362 BACKGROUND:......Page 364 ACTIVITIES......Page 365 BACKGROUND:......Page 367 ACTIVITIES......Page 368 BACKGROUND:......Page 371 STRUCTURE......Page 372 ACTIVITIES......Page 373 BACKGROUND:......Page 376 ACTIVITIES......Page 378 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD)......Page 385 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID)......Page 388 THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (IDA)......Page 389 THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC)......Page 391 SUPPLEMENTS......Page 399 ANTARCTICA......Page 400 THE ARCTIC......Page 403 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE......Page 407 WORLD TABLES......Page 408 PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE......Page 431 APARTHEID......Page 432 B......Page 433 G......Page 434 M......Page 435 R......Page 436 U......Page 437 WEBSITES......Page 438 INDEX TO COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES......Page 440 CONTENTS......Page 448 READER’S GUIDE......Page 449 GUIDE TO COUNTRY ARTICLES......Page 459 Contains over two hundred articles that examine the history, economy, society, culture, and politics of the world's countries and dependencies, providing information in more than forty categories, and features an in-depth look at the United Nations system and the organization's related agencies Presents easy-to-understand information on 200 countries and dependencies from around the world. Entries discuss a variety of topics in detail, from banking and securities to climate, from government data to demographic statistics. Also includes biographical essays on national leaders