World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges

Foreword Acknowledgements Abbreviations and acronyms This year’s report at a glance Français Avant-propos Le rapport de cette annéeen un clin d’oeil Español Prefacio El informe de este año de un vistazo 1. Introduction 2. Malaria milestones, 2000–2020 2.1 LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS 2.2 2000–2004 2.3 2005–2010 2.4 2011–2015 2.5 2016–2019 FIG. 2.1. Key milestones in the fight against malaria in the past 2 decades 3. Global trends in the burden of malaria 3.1 GLOBAL ESTIMATES OF MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS, 2000–2019 3.2 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO AFRICAN REGION,2000–2019 3.3 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION, 2000–2019 3.4 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION, 2000–2019 3.5 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION, 2000–2019 3.6 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO REGION OF THE AMERICAS, 2000–2019 3.7 ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION, 2000–2019 3.8 CASES AND DEATHS AVERTED SINCE 2000, GLOBALLY AND BY WHO REGION 3.9 BURDEN OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY 4. Elimination 4.1 MALARIA ELIMINATION CERTIFICATION 4.2 E-2020 INITIATIVE 4.3 THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION 4.4 PREVENTION OF RE-ESTABLISHMENT 5. High burden to high impact approach 5.1 GALVANIZING POLITICAL WILL, MOBILIZING RESOURCES AND MOBILIZING COMMUNITY RESPONSE 5.2 USING STRATEGIC INFORMATION TO DRIVE IMPACT 5.3 IMPROVING WHO’S MALARIA POLICY-MAKING AND DISSEMINATION PROCESSES 5.4 COORDINATED RESPONSE 5.5 MALARIA IN HBHI COUNTRIES SINCE 2018 5.6 REPORTED MALARIA CASES IN HBHI COUNTRIES SINCE 2018 AND COMPARISONS WITH ESTIMATED CASES 6. Investments in malaria programmes and research 6.1 FUNDING TRENDS FOR MALARIA CONTROL AND ELIMINATION 6.2 INVESTMENTS IN MALARIA-RELATED R&D 7. Distribution and coverage of malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment 7.1 DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE OF ITNs 7.2 POPULATION PROTECTED WITH IRS 7.3 SCALE-UP OF SMC 7.4 COVERAGE OF IPTp USE BY DOSE 7.5 MALARIA DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 8. Global progress towards the GTS milestones 8.1 GLOBAL PROGRESS 8.2 WHO AFRICAN REGION 8.3 WHO REGION OF THE AMERICAS 8.4 WHO EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION 8.5 WHO SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION 8.6 WHO WESTERN PACIFIC REGION 9. Biological threats 9.1 DELETIONS IN P. FALCIPARUM HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN 2 AND PROTEIN 3 GENES 9.2 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ACTs 9.3 THE GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF PFKELCH13 MOLECULAR MUTATIONS 9.4 VECTOR RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES 10. Malaria response during the COVID-19 pandemic 10.1 THE 2020 COVID-19 PANDEMIC 10.2 GLOBAL WORKSTREAMS ON SUSTAINING THE MALARIA RESPONSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 10.3 GLOBAL HIGHLIGHTS IN THE MALARIA RESPONSE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 10.5 LEVELS OF SERVICE DISRUPTION BY COUNTRY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DELIVERY OF INTERVENTIONS 10.6 THE CONSEQUENCES OF SERVICE DISRUPTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 11. Key results,context and conclusion 11.1 KEY RESULTS 11.2 THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND THREATS TO THE MALARIA PROGRESS 11.3 CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 11.4 BUILDING A MORE PROSPEROUS FUTURE 11.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS References Annexes Annex 1 – Data sources and methods Annex 2 Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, b. Central Africa Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, c. Countries with high transmission in East and Southern Africa Annex 2 - A. WHO African Region, d. Countries with low transmission in East and Southern Africa Annex 2 - B. WHO Region of the Americas Annex 2 - C. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Annex 2 - D. WHO South-East Asia Region Annex 2 - E. WHO Western Pacific Region ANNEX 3 ANNEX 3 – A. POLICY ADOPTION, 2019 ANNEX 3 – B. ANTIMALARIAL DRUG POLICY, 2019 ANNEX 3 – C. FUNDING FOR MALARIA CONTROL, 2017–2019 ANNEX 3 – D. COMMODITIES DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE, 2017–2019 ANNEX 3 – Ea. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY RESULTS, 2015–2019, COMPILED BY STATCOMPILER ANNEX 3 – Eb. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY RESULTS, 2015–2019, COMPILED THROUGH WHO CALCULATIONS ANNEX 3 – F. POPULATION DENOMINATOR FOR CASE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY RATE, AND ESTIMATED MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS, 2000–2019 ANNEX 3 – G. POPULATION DENOMINATOR FOR CASE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY RATE, AND REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY PLACE OF CARE, 2019 ANNEX 3 – H. REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY METHOD OF CONFIRMATION, 2010–2019 ANNEX 3 – I. REPORTED MALARIA CASES BY SPECIES, 2010–2019 ANNEX 3 – J. REPORTED MALARIA DEATHS, 2010–2019 "The year 2020 is a milestone for several important health and development goals, including for efforts to reduce the burden of malaria overall and eliminate the disease where possible. It is 20 years since the Abuja Declaration and the launch of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); and 5 years since the global agreement on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework and the launch of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global technical strategy for malaria 2016{u2013}2030 (GTS) and the RBM Partnership to End Malaria Action and investment to defeat malaria 2016{u2013}2030 (AIM). The WHO World malaria report 2020 presents both the estimates of disease burden for 2019 and a review of the updated official estimates of global progress in the fight against malaria in the first 2 decades of the 21st century (2000{u2013}2019)" -- introduction