Wong's nursing care of infants and children|Nursing care of infants and children

Prepare to give pediatric patients the specialized care they deserve with the leading text in pediatric nursing. Written by pediatric experts, **Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Edition** takes a unique, easy-to-follow developmental approach to describe the care of children at each age and stage of development. This longtime bestseller provides an evidence-based, clinical perspective that shows how the quality of nursing care can impact quality patient outcomes. Childhood diseases and disorders are organized by age groups and body systems and explained through the nursing process framework. This edition features completely updated and reorganized chapters that present content in a clear, easy-to-understand way. New __Quality Indicator__ boxes paint a bigger picture of hospitals and how they look at quality and safety. *** A focus on family-centered care**emphasizes the role and influence of the family in health and illness with a separate chapter and __Family-Centered Care__ boxes. * **__Emergency Treatment__ boxes** serve as a quick reference in critical situations. * **__Pathophysiology Reviews__** explain complicated disease processes with illustrated summary boxes. * **Quality Patient Outcomes are discussed** for major childhood diseases and disorders, showing how nursing care directly impacts patient outcomes. * **__Nursing Tips__** include helpful hints and practical, clinical information. * **Critical Thinking Case Studies** help you test and develop your own analytical skills. * **Cultural Considerations** provide cultural tips from clinical experts. * **Nursing Care Plans** provide models for planning patient care, with rationales explaining why specific nursing interventions have been chosen, and include nursing diagnoses, patient/family goals, nursing interventions/rationales, expected outcomes, and NIC and NOC guidelines. * **Nursing Care Guidelines** offer clear, step-by-step, detailed instructions on performing specific skills or procedures. * **__Translating Evidence into Practice__ and __Applying Evidence to Practice__ boxes** help you apply research to support, guide, and improve the outcomes of nursing care. * **__Atraumatic Care__ boxes** contain techniques for care that minimize pain, discomfort, or stress, and provide guidance for performing procedures in a caring manner. * **__Community and Home Health Considerations__ boxes** focus on wellness information and illness-related topics. * **__Drug Alerts__** highlight important drug-related information for safe, appropriate care. * **__Nursing Alerts__** provides critical information that must be considered in providing care. * **__Research Focus__ boxes** emphasize research with concise reviews of important evidence. *** NEW! __Quality Indicator__ boxes** present a bigger picture of hospitals and how they look at quality and safety, or Pediatric Clinical Quality Measures. * **EXPANDED! Added emphasis on the impact of genetics and genomics** on pediatric nursing care. * **NEW and UPDATED! New information on Zika virus and Rotavirus** keeps you in the know. * **NEW! New section on Chiari malformation** added to neurologic dysfunction chapter. * **NEW! Self-harm, GLBT, and e-cigarette content** added to adolescent problems chapter. * **UPDATED! Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange information** is now included throughout the text. * **EXPANDED! Updated accidental poisoning section** now includes cleaning solutions and liquid from e-cigarettes. * **UPDATED! New __Impact of Chronic Illness, Disability, or End of Life Care for the Child and Family__ chapter** thoroughly combines two previous chapters. * **UPDATED! Integumentary dysfunction content** now appears as chapter 32. * **UPDATED! Reorganized chapter on pain** provides specific guidelines for pediatric pain assessment and management and focuses on common acute and chronic pain conditions and how to manage them. * **UPDATED! Human Papillomavirus content** significantly updated. * **EXPANDED and UPDATED! Disorders with behavioral components section** significantly expanded. * **UPDATED! Updated influenza, RSV, and acute lung injury section** in respiratory chapter. * **UPDATED! Childhood cancer survivor section** has significant updates. Front Cover EvolveAd Brief TOC Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children Copyright Page Dedication Contributors Reviewers Preface Organization of the Book Unifying Principles The Family as the Unit of Care An Integrated Approach to Development Focus on Wellness and Illness: Child, Family, and Community Nursing Care Critical Role of Research and Evidence-Based Practice Special Features Acknowledgments Table Of Contents I Children, Their Families, and the Nurse 1 Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing Concepts Health Care for Children Health Promotion Development Nutrition Oral Health Childhood Health Problems Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Childhood Injuries Violence Mental Health Problems Infant Mortality Childhood Mortality Childhood Morbidity The Art of Pediatric Nursing Philosophy of Care Family-Centered Care Atraumatic Care Role of the Pediatric Nurse Therapeutic Relationship Family Advocacy and Caring Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Health Teaching Injury Prevention Support and Counseling Coordination and Collaboration Ethical Decision Making Research and Evidence-Based Practice Clinical Reasoning and the Process of Providing Nursing Care to Children and Families Clinical Reasoning Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation Quality Outcome Measures NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 2 Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health Promotion Concepts General Concepts Definition of Family Family Theories Family Systems Theory Family Stress Theory Developmental Theory Family Nursing Interventions Family Structure and Function Family Structure Traditional Nuclear Family Nuclear Family Blended Family Extended Family Single-Parent Family Binuclear Family Polygamous Family Communal Family Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Families Family Strengths and Functioning Style Family Roles and Relationships Parental Roles Role Learning Family Size and Configuration Parenting Parenting Styles Limit Setting and Discipline Minimizing Misbehavior General Guidelines for Implementing Discipline Types of Discipline Special Parenting Situations Parenting the Adopted Child Issues of Origin Adolescence Cross-Racial and International Adoption Parenting and Divorce Impact of Divorce on Children Telling the Children Custody and Parenting Partnerships Single Parenting Single Fathers Parenting in Reconstituted Families Parenting in Dual-Earner Families Working Mothers Kinship Care Foster Parenting Sociocultural Influences on Children and Families Influences in the Surrounding Environment School Communities: School Health and School Connectedness Schools Peer Cultures Community Broader Influences on Child Health Social Media and Mass Media Race and Ethnicity Social Class Poverty Economy and Poverty Parental Education Land of Origin and Immigration Status Religion/Spiritual Identity Cultural Humility and Health Care Providers’ Contribution NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 3 Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family Concepts Genetic/Genomic Nursing Competencies Genetics and Genomics Congenital Anomalies Genetic Disorders Numeric Chromosome Abnormalities Autosome Aneuploidies Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies 47,XXY 47,XYY 45,XO 47,XXX Structural Chromosome Abnormalities 46,XX,del(5p) or 46,XY,del(5p) Fragile X Syndrome Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome Chromosome Instability Syndromes Single-Gene Disorders Autosomal Inheritance Patterns Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Sex-Linked Inheritance Patterns Sex-Linked Traits X-Linked Recessive Inheritance X-Linked Dominant Inheritance Variable Patterns of Gene Expression and Inheritance Mitochondrial Disorders Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Genes Multifactorial (Complex) Disorders Disorders of the Intrauterine Environment Inborn Errors of Metabolism Phenylketonuria Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation* Therapeutic Management* Prognosis Nursing Care Management Galactosemia Diagnostic Evaluation* Therapeutic Management Prognosis Nursing Care Management† Cytogenetic Diagnostic Techniques Molecular Diagnostic Techniques Predisposition Genetic Testing Therapeutic Management of Genetic Disease Phenotype Modification Surgical Management Diet Modification Metabolic Manipulation Avoidance of Drugs or Other Harmful Substances Immunologic Prevention Transplantation Gene Product Replacement Gene Transfer Environmental Modification Impact of Hereditary Disorders on the Family Genetic Testing Purposes of Screening Newborn Screening Screening for Reproductive Information Screening for Epidemiologic Information Significance of Screening to Families Prenatal Testing Prenatal Screening Tests Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures Genetic Evaluation and Counseling Pediatric Indications for Genetic Consultation Genetic Services Estimation of Risks Communicating Risks Role of Nurses Nursing Assessment: Applying and Integrating Genetic and Genomic Knowledge Identification and Referral Providing Education, Care, and Support NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References Internet Resources II Childhood and Family Assessment 4 Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment of the Child and Family Concepts Guidelines for Communication and Interviewing Establishing a Setting for Communication Appropriate Introduction Assurance of Privacy and Confidentiality Computer Privacy and Applications in Nursing Telephone Triage and Counseling Communicating With Families Communicating With Parents Encouraging the Parents to Talk Directing the Focus Listening and Cultural Awareness Using Silence Being Empathic Providing Anticipatory Guidance Avoiding Blocks to Communication Communicating With Families Through an Interpreter Communicating With Children Communication Related to Development of Thought Processes Infancy Early Childhood School-Age Years Adolescence Communication Techniques Play History Taking Performing a Health History Identifying Information Informant Chief Complaint Present Illness Analyzing a Symptom History Birth History Dietary History Previous Illnesses, Injuries, and Surgeries Allergies. Current Medications Immunizations Growth and Development Habits Sexual History Family Health History Geographic Location Family Structure Psychosocial History Review of Systems Nutritional Assessment Dietary Intake Clinical Examination of Nutrition Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment General Approaches Toward Examining the Child Sequence of the Examination Preparation of the Child Physical Examination Growth Measurements Growth Charts Length Height Weight Skinfold Thickness and Arm Circumference Head Circumference Physiologic Measurements Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Selection of Cuff Measurement and Interpretation Orthostatic Hypotension General Appearance Skin Accessory Structures Lymph Nodes Head and Neck Eyes Inspection of External Structures Inspection of Internal Structures Preparing the Child Funduscopic Examination Vision Testing Ocular Alignment Visual Acuity Testing in Children Visual Acuity Testing in Infants and Difficult-to-Test Children Peripheral Vision Color Vision Ears Inspection of External Structures Inspection of Internal Structures Positioning the Child Otoscopic Examination Auditory Testing Nose Inspection of External Structures Inspection of Internal Structures Mouth and Throat Inspection of Internal Structures Chest Lungs Auscultation Heart Auscultation Origin of Heart Sounds Differentiating Normal Heart Sounds Heart Murmurs Abdomen Inspection Auscultation Palpation Genitalia Male Genitalia Female Genitalia Anus Back and Extremities Spine Extremities Joints Muscles Neurologic Assessment Cerebellar Function Reflexes Cranial Nerves Developmental Assessment Ages and Stages NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 5 Pain Assessment and Management in Children Concepts What Is Pain and How Does It Occur? What Does Pain Do Besides Hurt? Common Acute Pain Conditions in Children Needlestick Pain Postoperative Pain Common Chronic Pain Conditions in Children Headaches Abdominal Pain Musculoskeletal Pain Neuropathic Pain Syndromes Common Mixed-Pain Conditions in Children Burn Pain Cancer Pain Sickle Cell Pain Measuring Pain in Children Observational Pain Measures Special Populations Preterm Infants Cognitively Impaired Children Children Postanesthesia Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Self-Report Pain Rating Scales Cultural Considerations Special Populations Children with autism spectrum disorder. Chronic and Recurrent Pain Assessment Multidimensional Measures Prevention and Treatment of Pain in Children Biobehavioral Interventions Pharmacologic Management of Pain Nonopioids Opioids Genetic Variants of Drug Metabolism Coanalgesic Drugs Choosing the Pain Medication Dose Choosing the Timing of Analgesia Choosing the Method of Administration Patient-Controlled Analgesia Epidural Analgesia Transmucosal and Transdermal Analgesia Monitoring Side Effects Specific Strategies for Special Populations Pain Prevention for Needlestick Care During Painful and Invasive Procedures Procedural sedation and analgesia. Biobehavioral Interventions With Postsurgical Pain Pain Management in Obese and Overweight Children Adjusted weight calculations for obese and overweight children Treatment for Chronic Pain Pain With Pediatric Cancer Pain Prevention and Treatment for Children With Sickle Cell Disease Pain Treatment During End-of-Life Care NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 6 Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases Concepts Infection Control Immunizations* Schedule for Immunizations Recommendations for Routine Immunizations* Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis A Virus Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio Measles Mumps Rubella Haemophilus influenzae Type b Varicella Pneumococcal Disease Influenza Meningococcal Disease Rotavirus Human Papillomavirus Reactions Contraindications and Precautions Administration Communicable Diseases Nursing Care Management Prevent Spread Prevent Complications Provide Comfort Support Child and Family Conjunctivitis Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Stomatitis Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Zika Virus Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Intestinal Parasitic Diseases General Nursing Care Management Giardiasis Therapeutic Management Enterobiasis (Pinworms) Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Bedbugs NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References III Family-Centered Care of the Newborn 7 Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family Concepts Adjustment to Extrauterine Life Immediate Adjustments Respiratory System Circulatory System Physiologic Status of Other Systems Thermoregulation Hematopoietic System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Gastrointestinal System Renal System Integumentary System Musculoskeletal System Defenses Against Infection Endocrine System Neurologic System Sensory Functions Vision Hearing Smell Taste Touch Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family Assessment Initial Assessment: Apgar Scoring Transitional Assessment: Periods of Reactivity Behavioral Assessment Patterns of Sleep and Activity Cry Assessment of Attachment Behaviors Clinical Assessment of Gestational Age Weight Related to Gestational Age Physical Assessment General Measurements Vital Signs General Appearance Skin Head Eyes Ears Nose Mouth and Throat Neck Chest Lungs Heart Abdomen Female Genitalia Male Genitalia Back and Anus Extremities Neurologic System Maintain A Patent Airway Maintain a Stable Body Temperature Protect From Infection and Injury Identification Eye Care Vitamin K Administration Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration Newborn Screening Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Bathing Care of the Umbilicus Circumcision Provide Optimum Nutrition Cultural Influences on Infant Feeding Human Milk Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Problems Bottle-Feeding Preparation of Formula Feeding Schedules Feeding Behavior Commercially Prepared Formulas Alternate Milk Products Promote Parent-Infant Bonding (Attachment) Infant Behavior Maternal Attachment Paternal Engrossment Siblings Multiple Births and Subsequent Children Prepare for Discharge and Home Care NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 8 Health Problems of the Newborn Concepts Birth Injuries Soft Tissue Injury Nursing Care Management Head Injury Caput Succedaneum Subgaleal Hemorrhage Cephalhematoma Nursing Care Management Fractures Nursing Care Management Nerve Injuries Facial Paralysis Brachial Palsy Phrenic Nerve Paralysis Nursing Care Management Cranial Deformities Microcephaly Nursing Care Management Craniostenosis Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Craniofacial Abnormalities Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Pierre Robin Sequence Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Etiology Pathophysiology Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Surgical Correction: Cleft Lip Surgical Correction: Cleft Palate Long-Term Problems Nursing Care Management Feeding Preoperative Care Postoperative Care: Cleft Lip Postoperative Care: Cleft Palate Preparation for Discharge and Home Care Long-Term Family Guidance Dermatologic Problems in the Newborn Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum Candidiasis Oral Candidiasis Nursing Care Management Herpes Simplex Virus Nursing Care Management Bullous Impetigo Nursing Care Management Birthmarks Nursing Care Management Problems Related to Physiologic Factors Hyperbilirubinemia Pathophysiology Complications Physiologic Jaundice Mechanisms Involved in Physiologic Jaundice Jaundice in Breastfeeding Infants Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Phototherapy Management of Breastfeeding Jaundice Prognosis Nursing Care Management Phototherapy Side Effects of Phototherapy Family Support Discharge Planning and Home Care Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Blood Incompatibility Rh Incompatibility (Isoimmunization) ABO Incompatibility Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Prevention of Rh Isoimmunization Intrauterine Transfusion Exchange Transfusion ABO Incompatibility Prognosis Nursing Care Management Family Support Hypoglycemia Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Hyperglycemia (Transient) Nursing Care Management Hypocalcemia Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Problems Caused by Perinatal Environmental Factors Chemical Agents Nursing Care Management Radiation NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 9 The High-Risk Newborn and Family Concepts General Management of High-Risk Newborns Identification of High-Risk Newborns Late-Preterm Infant Classification of High-Risk Newborns Intensive Care Facilities Organization of Services Transporting High-Risk Newborns Nursing Care of High-Risk Newborns Assessment Monitoring Physiologic Data Safety Measures Respiratory Support Thermoregulation Pathophysiology Maintaining Thermoneutrality Protection From Infection Hydration Nutrition Physiologic Characteristics Nutritional Needs Gavage Feeding Oral Feeding Breastfeeding Nipple-Feeding Feeding Resistance Skin Care Administration of Medications Developmental Outcome Developmental Assessment Behavioral State Organization Sensory System Therapeutic Handling Therapeutic Positioning Auditory Environment Visual Environment Facilitating Parent-Infant Relationships Siblings Support Groups Discharge Planning and Home Care Neonatal Loss Baptism High-Risk Conditions Related to Dysmaturity Preterm Infants Etiology Characteristics Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Postterm Infants High Risk Related to Disturbed Respiratory Function Apnea of Prematurity Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Prenatal Diagnosis Therapeutic Management Surfactant Oxygen Therapy Complications of Positive Pressure Ventilation Nitric Oxide Medical Therapies Prevention Nursing Care Management Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Air Leak Syndromes Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Pathophysiology Therapeutic Management Prognosis Nursing Care Management Home Care High Risk Related to Infectious Processes Sepsis Pathophysiology Sources of Infection Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Prognosis Nursing Care Management Necrotizing Enterocolitis Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management High Risk Related to Cardiovascular and Hematologic Complications Patent Ductus Arteriosus Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Anemia Nursing Care Management Polycythemia Nursing Care Management Retinopathy of Prematurity Pathophysiology Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management High Risk Related to Neurologic Disturbance Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Intraventricular Hemorrhage Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Intracranial Hemorrhage Subdural Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Intracerebellar Hemorrhage Nursing Care Management Neonatal/Perinatal Stroke Neonatal Seizures Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management High Risk Related to Maternal Conditions Infants of Diabetic Mothers Effects of Diabetes on the Fetus Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Drug-Exposed Infants* Overview Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Opiate Exposure Methadone Exposure Cocaine Exposure Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Methamphetamine Exposure Marijuana Exposure Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Nursing Care Management Infants of Mothers Who Smoke Nursing Care Management Maternal Infections Nursing Care Management NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References IV Family-Centered Care of the Infant 10 Health Promotion of the Infant and Family Concepts Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic Development Proportional Changes Sensory Changes Maturation of Systems Fine Motor Development Gross Motor Development Head Control. Rolling Over. Sitting. Locomotion. Psychosocial Development Developing a Sense of Trust (Erikson) Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Phase (Piaget) Development of Body Image Development of Gender Identity Social Development Attachment Effects of Prolonged Separation. Separation Anxiety. Stranger Fear. Language Development Personal-Social Behavior Play Temperament Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development Separation Anxiety and Stranger Fear Limit Setting and Discipline Alternative Child Care Arrangements Types of Child Care. Guiding Parents in Selecting Child Care. Thumb Sucking and Use of Pacifier Teething Promoting Optimum Health During Infancy Nutrition The First 6 Months* The Second 6 Months Selection and Introduction of Solid Foods Weaning Sleep and Activity Dental Health Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Motor Vehicle Injuries Nurse’s Role in Injury Prevention Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 11 Health Problems of the Infant Concepts Nutritional Imbalances Vitamin Imbalances Mineral Imbalances Nursing Care Management Health Problems Related to Nutrition Severe Acute Malnutrition (Protein-Energy Malnutrition) Kwashiorkor Marasmus Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Food Sensitivity Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Cow’s Milk Allergy Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Lactose Intolerance Nursing Care Management Failure to Thrive Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Prognosis Nursing Care Management Special Health Problems Colic (Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain) Etiology Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Sleep Problems Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Etiology Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Protective Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infant Risk Factors Nursing Care Management Caring for the Family After Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Positional Plagiocephaly Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Apparent Life-Threatening Event Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References V Family-Centered Care of the Toddler and Preschooler 12 Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family Concepts Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic Development Proportional Changes Sensory Changes Maturation of Systems Gross and Fine Motor Development Psychosocial Development Developing a Sense of Autonomy (Erikson) Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Phase (Piaget) Preoperational Phase (Piaget) Moral Development: Preconventional or Premoral Level Spiritual Development Development of Body Image Development of Gender Identity Social Development Separation and Individuation Language Development Personal-Social Behavior Play Temperament Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development Toilet Training Sibling Rivalry Temper Tantrums Negativism Stress Regression Promoting Optimum Health During Toddlerhood Nutrition Nutritional Counseling Dietary Guidelines Vegetarian Diets Complementary and Alternative Medicine Nursing Care Management Sleep and Activity Dental Health Regular Dental Examinations Removal of Plaque Fluoride Dietary Factors Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Motor Vehicle Injuries Car Restraints Drowning Burns Accidental Poisoning Falls Aspiration and Suffocation Bodily Harm Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 13 Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family Concepts Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic Development Gross and Fine Motor Behavior Psychosocial Development Developing a Sense of Initiative (Erikson) Oedipal Stage (Freud) Cognitive Development Preoperational Phase (Piaget) Moral Development (Kohlberg) Spiritual Development Development of Body Image Development of Sexuality Social Development Language Personal-Social Behavior Play Temperament Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development Preschool and Kindergarten Experience Preparing the Child Sex Education Gifted Children Aggression Speech Problems Stress Fears Promoting Optimum Health During the Preschool Years Nutrition Sleep and Activity Dental Health Injury Prevention Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 14 Health Problems of Early Childhood Concepts Sleep Problems Ingestion of Injurious Agents Principles of Emergency Treatment Assessment Gastric Decontamination Prevention of Recurrence Heavy Metal Poisoning Lead Poisoning Causes of Lead Poisoning Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestation Diagnostic Evaluation Anticipatory Guidance Screening for Lead Poisoning Therapeutic Management Chelation Therapy Prognosis Nursing Care Management Child Maltreatment Child Neglect Types of Neglect Physical Abuse Abusive Head Trauma Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Factors Predisposing to Physical Abuse Parental Characteristics Characteristics of the Child Environmental Characteristics Sexual Abuse Characteristics of Abusers and Victims Initiation and Perpetuation of Sexual Abuse Nursing Care of the Maltreated Child Caregiver-Child Interaction History and Interview Child Physical Abuse Neglect and Emotional Abuse Sexual Abuse Physical Assessment Child Physical Abuse Neglect and Emotional Abuse Sexual Abuse Nursing Care Management Protect the Child From Further Abuse Support the Child Support the Family Plan for Discharge Prevent Abuse NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References VI Family-Centered Care of the School-Age Child 15 Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family Concepts Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic Development Physical Changes Maturation of Systems Prepubescence Psychosocial Development Developing a Sense of Industry (Erikson) Temperament Cognitive Development (Piaget) Moral Development (Kohlberg) Spiritual Development Language Development Social Development Social Relationships and Cooperation Clubs and Peer Groups Relationships With Families Play Rules and Rituals Team Play Quiet Games and Activities Ego Mastery Development of Self-Concept Body Image Self-Esteem Development of Sexuality Sex Education Nurse’s Role in Sex Education Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development School Experience Anticipatory Socialization Role of the Teacher Role of the Parents Discipline Dishonest Behavior Coping With Stress Fears Latchkey Children Promoting Optimum Health During the School Years Health Behaviors Nutrition Outside Influences School Programs Nutrition Education Sleep and Rest Sleep Problems Physical Activity Physical Fitness Sports Acquisition of Skills Television, Video Games, and the Internet Dental Health Brushing School Health Health Education School Nursing Services Injury Prevention Risk-Taking Behavior Motor Vehicle Injury Bicycle Injury Other Vehicle-Related Injuries Injuries at School Other Injuries Nurse’s Role in Injury Prevention Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References 16 Health Problems of the School-Age Child Concepts Obesity: Complications, Treatment, and Prevention Obesity Etiology and Pathophysiology Energy Balance Genetic Factors Diseases Molecular, Metabolic, and Endocrine Factors: Regulators of Appetite Caloric Equilibrium: Sociocultural Factors Community and Institutional Contributors Personal and Interpersonal Factors Cultural impact of childhood obesity. Diagnostic Evaluation Complications of Obesity Physical Complications of Obesity Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Fatty liver disease. Pulmonary complications. Musculoskeletal and abnormal growth acceleration. Psychologic and Social Complications of Obesity Therapeutic Management Diet Special Diets Physical Activity Behavior Modification Drugs Surgical Techniques Nursing Care Management Nutritional Counseling Behavior Therapy Group Involvement Family Involvement Prognosis Prevention Dental Disorders Dental Caries Pathophysiology Host Microorganisms Substrate Time and Other Factors Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Periodontal Disease Nursing Care Management Malocclusion Nursing Care Management Trauma Nursing Care Management: Tooth Avulsion Disorders of Continence Enuresis Etiology and Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Encopresis Etiology Clinical Manifestations Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Disorders With Behavioral Components Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Etiology Clinical Manifestations Course of ADHD Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Behavior Therapy and Psychotherapy Pharmacologic Therapy Nursing Care Management Medication Environmental Manipulation Appropriate Classroom Placement Psychiatric, Psychologic, and Social Therapies Learning Disability Therapeutic Management Tic Disorders Therapeutic Management Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Nursing Care Management School Phobia Etiology Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Prevention Functional Abdominal Pain Etiology and Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Evaluation Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Conversion Reaction Childhood Depression Therapeutic Management Nursing Care Management Childhood Schizophrenia Nursing Care Management Anxiety Disorders Therapeutic Management Conduct Disorders Therapeutic Management NCLEX Review Questions Correct Answers References VII Family-Centered Care of the Adolescent 17 Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family Concepts Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic Development Neuroendocrine Events of Puberty Initiation of Puberty Changes in Reproductive Hormones Females Males Pubertal Sexual Maturation Sexual Maturation in Girls Sexual Maturation in Boys Physical Growth During Puberty Normal Patterns of Growth Other Physiologic Changes Cognitive Development Emergence of Formal Operational Thought (Piaget) Adolescent Conceptions of Self Changes in Social Cognition Development of Value Autonomy Moral Development Spiritual Development Psychosocial Development Identity Development Development of Autonomy Sexuality Intimacy Social Environments Families Peer Groups Schools Work Technology as a Social Environment Promoting Optimum Health During Adolescence Adolescents’ Perspectives on Health Factors That Promote Adolescent Health and Well-Being Contexts for Adolescent Health Promotion Schools School-Based and School-Linked Health Services Communities Health Care Settings The Internet and Other Technologies Adolescent Health Screening Health Concerns of Adolescence Parenting and Family Adjustment Psychosocial Adjustment Intentional and Unintentional Injury Dietary Habits and Eating Disorders Physical Fitness Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Unintended Pregnancy Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Substances Depression and Suicide Physical, Sexual, and Emotional Abuse School and Learning Problems Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Infectious D Prepare to give pediatric patients the specialized care they deserve with the leading text in pediatric nursing. Written by pediatric experts, Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Edition takes a unique, easy-to-follow developmental approach to describe the care of children at each age and stage of development. This longtime bestseller provides an evidence-based, clinical perspective that shows how the quality of nursing care can impact quality patient outcomes. Childhood diseases and disorders are organized by age groups and body systems and explained through the nursing process framework. This edition features completely updated and reorganized chapters that present content in a clear, easy-to-understand way. New Quality Indicator boxes paint a bigger picture of hospitals and how they look at quality and safety. A focus on family-centered care emphasizes the role and influence of the family in health and illness with a separate chapter and Family-Centered Care boxes. Emergency Treatment boxes serve as a quick reference in critical situations. Pathophysiology Reviews explain complicated disease processes with illustrated summary boxes. Quality Patient Outcomes are discussed for major childhood diseases and disorders, showing how nursing care directly impacts patient outcomes. Nursing Tips include helpful hints and practical, clinical information. Critical Thinking Case Studies help you test and develop your own analytical skills. Cultural Considerations provide cultural tips from clinical experts. Nursing Care Plans provide models for planning patient care, with rationales explaining why specific nursing interventions have been chosen, and include nursing diagnoses, patient/family goals, nursing interventions/rationales, expected outcomes, and NIC and NOC guidelines. Nursing Care Guidelines offer clear, step-by-step, detailed instructions on performing specific skills or procedures. Translating Evidence into Practice and Applying Evidence to Practice boxes help you apply research to support, guide, and improve the outcomes of nursing care. Atraumatic Care boxes contain techniques for care that minimize pain, discomfort, or stress, and provide guidance for performing procedures in a caring manner. Community and Home Health Considerations boxes focus on wellness information and illness-related topics. Drug Alerts highlight important drug-related information for safe, appropriate care. Nursing Alerts provides critical information that must be considered in providing care. Research Focus boxes emphasize research with concise reviews of important evidence. NEW! Quality Indicator boxes present a bigger picture of hospitals and how they look at quality and safety, or Pediatric Clinical Quality Measures. EXPANDED! Added emphasis on the impact of genetics and genomics on pediatric nursing care. NEW and UPDATED! New information on Zika virus and Rotavirus keeps you in the know. NEW! New section on Chiari malformation added to neurologic dysfunction chapter. NEW! Self-harm, GLBT, and e-cigarette content added to adolescent problems chapter. UPDATED! Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange information is now included throughout the text. EXPANDED! Updated accidental poisoning section now includes cleaning solutions and liquid from e-cigarettes. UPDATED! New Impact of Chronic Illness, Disability, or End of Life Care for the Child and Family chapter thoroughly combines two previous chapters. UPDATED! Integumentary dysfunction content now appears as chapter 32. UPDATED! Reorganized chapter on pain provides specific guidelines for pediatric pain assessment and management and focuses on common acute and chronic pain conditions and how to manage them. UPDATED! Human Papillomavirus content significantly updated. EXPANDED and UPDATED! Disorders with behavioral components section significantly expanded. UPDATED! Updated influenza, RSV, and acute lung injury section in respiratory chapter. UPDATED! Childhood cancer survivor section has significant updates. Table of Contents: I. Children, their families, and the nurse Perspectives of pediatric nursing / Marilyn J. Hockenberry Social, cultural, religious, and family influences on child health promotion / Quinn Franklin, Kim Mooney-Doyle Hereditary influences on health promotion of the child and family / Cynthia A. Prows II. Childhood and family assessment Communication, physical, and developmental assessment of the child and family / Jan M. Foote Pain assessment and management in children / Shirley D. Martin, Maggie Maxtin, Katherine Smalling, and Sue Park Childhood communicable and infectious diseases / Cheryl C. Rodgers III. Family-centered care of the newborn Health promotion of the newborn and family / Barbara J. Wheeler Health problems of the newborn / Kimberly Fisher and Kristina D. Wilson The high-risk newborn and family / Kimberly Fisher IV. Family-centered care of the infant Health promotion of the infant and family / Mystii Kidd and Cheryl C. Rodgers Health problems of the infant / Lisa M. Cleveland V. Family-centered care of the toddler and preschooler Health promotion of the toddler and family / Elizabeth A. Duffy Health promotion of the preschooler and family / Rebecca A. Monroe Health problems of early childhood / Brigit M. Carter VI. Family-centered care of the school-age child Health promotion of the school-age child and family / Cheryl C. Rodgers Health problems of the school-age child / Katherine Soss Prihoda and Cheryl C. Rodgers VII. Family-centered care of the adolescent Health promotion of the adolescent and family / Anne Derouin Health problems of the adolescent / Cheryl C. Rodgers VIII. Family-centered care of the child with special needs Impact of chronic illness, disability, or end-of-life care for the child and family / Sharron L. Docherty, Debra Brandon, Alexandra Kathleen Superdock, and Ramond C Barfeld Impact of cognitive or sensory impairment on the child and family / Rosalind Bryant IX. The child who is hospitalized Family-centered care of the child during illness and hospitalization / Tara Merck and Patricia Barry McElfresh Pediatric nursing interventions and skills / Caroline E. Anderson and Ruth Anne Herring X. Childhood nutrition and elimination problems The child with fluid and electrolyte imbalance / Mary A. Mondozzi, Rose Ann Urdiales Baker, Marilyn J. Hockenberry The child with renal dysfunction / Patricia A. Ring, Cynthia J. Camille The child with gastrointestinal dysfunction / Cheryl C. Rodgers XI. Childhood oxygenation problems The child with respiratory dysfunction / Patricia Conlon XII. Childhood blood production and circulation problems The child with cardiovascular dysfunction / Margaret L. Schroeder, Annette L. Baker, Heather Bastardi Patricia O'Brien The child with hematologic or immunologic dysfunction / Rosalind Bryant XIII. Childhood regulatory problems The child with cancer / Kathleen S. Ruccione The child with cerebral dysfunction / Maureen Sheehan The child with endocrine dysfunction / Amy Barry, Erin Connelly XIV. Childhood physical mobility problems The child with integumentary dysfunction / Cheryl C. Rodgers The child with musculoskeletal or articular dysfunction / Angela Drummond The child with neuromuscular or muscular dysfunction Anne Feierabend Stanton Teri A Huddleston Lavenbarg