زنان، سرگرمی و پیش‌درآمدهای سالون فرانسوی، ۱۵۳۲-۱۶۱۵ (فرهنگ‌های بازی)

This study of ludic literary society in sixteenth-century France addresses Italianate practices of philosophical and literary sociability as they took root there. It asserts that entertainment activities of women-led circles illustrate the richly complex precursors of the seventeenth-century salons. Notions from the philosophy of play, such as those developed by Johan Huizinga, Eugen Fink, and Roger Caillois, who argue that play is critically intertwined with the development of society, provide a theoretical path across these periods of women’s engagement in literary culture. The barrister Estienne Pasquier, whose voluminous network of literary and legal connections permitted him entry into the society of such women, acts as an eyewitness to sixteenth-century circles. Ultimately, we see that the ludic activities in such society produced powerful influences that extended beyond the confines of the groups in question to shape ideas, attitudes, and activities―such as those of the salon cultural norms to come. Cover 1 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgments 10 Note on the Texts 12 Introduction: Women, Entertainment, and Precursors of the French Salon, 1532–1615 14 1. At Play in Italy and France 60 Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Social Continuities 60 2. Marie-Catherine de Pierrevive and the Dames des Roches 78 Proto-Salon Entertainment in Lyon and Poitiers 78 3. Antoinette de Loynes and Madeleine de l’Aubespine 112 Entertainment among the Parisian Noblesse de robe 112 4. Claude-Catherine de Clermont 144 Amusement and Escapism among the Noblesse d’épée and Royal Milieu 144 5. Marguerite de Valois and Proto-Précieuse Taste 188 6. L’Histoire de La Chiaramonte 218 A Divertissement for the Circle of Marguerite de Valois 218 Conclusion: Sixteenth-Century Société Mondaine and the Persistence of Entertainment Practices 246 Appendix: Estienne Pasquier and His Social Network 254 Bibliography 260 Index 282 List of Illustrations 8 Fig. 1. Estienne Pasquier (1529–1615). By Léonard Gaultier (1617). National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. 32 Fig. 2. Marie-Catherine de Pierre-Vive (ca. 1498–1570). By Claude Duflos (1665–1727). National Galleries Scotland. Mrs A. G. Macqueen Ferguson Gift 1950. 86 Fig. 3. Frontispiece, La Puce de Madame des Roches (1579). Douglas H. Gordon Collection of French Books, Small Special Collections. University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA. 93 Fig. 4. Madeleine de l’Aubespine (1546–1596), madame de Villeroy. By L’anonyme Lécurieux (1571). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 128 Fig. 5. Claude-Catherine de Clermont (1543–1603), duchesse de Retz. By François Quesnel (1571). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 146 Fig. 6. Marguerite de Valois (1553–1615). By François Clouet (1569). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 190 Fig. 7. Frontispiece, L’Histoire de La Chiaramonte (1603). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 220 Fig. 8. Estienne Pasquier’s social network: Selected members mentioned in this study. 259