Women and the colonial state : essays on gender and modernity in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942

woman And The Colonial State Deals With The Ambiguous Relationship Between Women Of Both The European And The Indonesian Population And The Colonial State In The Former Netherlands Indies In The First Half Of The Twentieth Century. Based On New Data From A Variety Of Sources: Colonial Archives, Journals, Household Manuals, Children's Literature, And Press Surveys, It Analyses The Women-state Relationship By Presenting Five Empirical Studies On Subjects, In Which Women Figured Prominently At The Time: Indonesian Labour, Indonesian Servants In Colonial Homes, Dutch Colonial Fashion And Food, The Feminist Struggle For The Vote And The Intense Debate About Monogamy Of And By Women At The End Of The 1930s. An Introductory Essay Combines The Outcomes Of The Case Studies And Relates Those To Debates About Orientalism, The Construction Of Whiteness, And To Questions Of Modernity And The Colonial State Formation. Contents 6 Preface 10 I By Way of a Prologue and Epilogue: Gender, Modernity and the Colonial State 14 After the ‘The Family of Man’ 14 Women and the Colonial State 15 Historical Context 17 Contents 24 Orientalism, Gender and Class 26 Whiteness and ‘European-ness’ 31 Colonial Modernity and Gender 33 Nation-State and Female Colonial Citizenship 38 II Female Labour in Twentieth Century Colonial Java: European Notions – Indonesian Practices 50 Introduction 50 European Notions 51 Female Night Labour in the Netherlands Indies 53 The Indonesian Practice: Figures from the 1920s and 1930s 56 Analyses of Indigenous Agriculture 56 The Census of 1930 60 The Coolie Budget Survey in Java 1939-1940 64 Concluding Remarks 71 III ‘So Close and Yet So Far’: European Ambivalence towards Javanese Servants 86 Introduction 86 Sources and Their Authors 87 ‘Different’ or ‘One Step Behind’? 88 Facts and Figures on Colonial Domestics 89 Manuals and Advice Literature 95 Children’s Literature 102 Servants in Youth Literature 104 Concluding Remarks 110 IV Summer Dresses and Canned Food: European Women and Western Lifestyles 122 Introduction 122 European Women in the Colonial Community 123 What to Wear? 127 Shopping, Sewing and the Jahit 132 The Illusion of Westernisation 136 European Food 142 In the Shadow of the Second World War 144 Concluding Remarks 146 V Feminism, Citizenship and the Struggle for Women’s Suffrage in a Colonial Context 152 Introduction 152 Gender and Class in Representative Institutions 153 The First Phase: 1908-1925 154 The Second Phase: In the Indies, 1925-1937 158 Indonesian and Colonial Feminism 161 The First Female Member of the People’s Council 167 The Third Phase: 1937-1941 169 Winning the Right to Vote 174 Concluding Remarks 176 VI Marriage, Morality and Modernity: The 1937 Debate on Monogamy 188 Introduction 188 Marriage in Colonial Indonesia 190 Indonesian Requests 191 The Debate of the 1920s and 1930s: The Indonesian Perspective 192 The Colonial Government’s Position 193 The Two Origins of the Draft 195 Intersection of Gender, Race and Class 197 Indonesian Reactions 199 Islamic Arguments 201 Secular Criticisms 203 The Bangoen Affair 205 Consequences 207 Concluding Remarks 210 Bibliography 220 Glossary 240 Index 242 Social Science,Women's Studies,History,World,Asia,Southeast Asia Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 After the ‘The Family of Man’......Page 14 Women and the Colonial State......Page 15 Historical Context......Page 17 Contents......Page 24 Orientalism, Gender and Class......Page 26 Whiteness and ‘European-ness’......Page 31 Colonial Modernity and Gender......Page 33 Nation-State and Female Colonial Citizenship......Page 38 Introduction......Page 50 European Notions......Page 51 Female Night Labour in the Netherlands Indies......Page 53 Analyses of Indigenous Agriculture......Page 56 The Census of 1930......Page 60 The Coolie Budget Survey in Java 1939-1940......Page 64 Concluding Remarks......Page 71 Introduction......Page 86 Sources and Their Authors......Page 87 ‘Different’ or ‘One Step Behind’?......Page 88 Facts and Figures on Colonial Domestics......Page 89 Manuals and Advice Literature......Page 95 Children’s Literature......Page 102 Servants in Youth Literature......Page 104 Concluding Remarks......Page 110 Introduction......Page 122 European Women in the Colonial Community......Page 123 What to Wear?......Page 127 Shopping, Sewing and the Jahit......Page 132 The Illusion of Westernisation......Page 136 European Food......Page 142 In the Shadow of the Second World War......Page 144 Concluding Remarks......Page 146 Introduction......Page 152 Gender and Class in Representative Institutions......Page 153 The First Phase: 1908-1925......Page 154 The Second Phase: In the Indies, 1925-1937......Page 158 Indonesian and Colonial Feminism......Page 161 The First Female Member of the People’s Council......Page 167 The Third Phase: 1937-1941......Page 169 Winning the Right to Vote......Page 174 Concluding Remarks......Page 176 Introduction......Page 188 Marriage in Colonial Indonesia......Page 190 Indonesian Requests......Page 191 The Debate of the 1920s and 1930s: The Indonesian Perspective......Page 192 The Colonial Government’s Position......Page 193 The Two Origins of the Draft......Page 195 Intersection of Gender, Race and Class......Page 197 Indonesian Reactions......Page 199 Islamic Arguments......Page 201 Secular Criticisms......Page 203 The Bangoen Affair......Page 205 Consequences......Page 207 Concluding Remarks......Page 210 Bibliography......Page 220 Glossary......Page 240 Index......Page 242 Abstract: Woman and the Colonial State deals with the ambiguous relationship between women of both the European and the Indonesian population and the colonial state in the former Netherlands Indies in the first half of the twentieth century. Based on new data from a variety of sources: colonial archives, journals, household manuals, children's literature, and press surveys, it analyses the women-state relationship by presenting five empirical studies on subjects, in which women figured prominently at the time: Indonesian labour, Indonesian servants in colonial homes, Dutch colonial fashion and food, the feminist struggle for the vote and the intense debate about monogamy of and by women at the end of the 1930s. An introductory essay combines the outcomes of the case studies and relates those to debates about Orientalism, the construction of whiteness, and to questions of modernity and the colonial state formation "This book deals with the ambiguous relationship between Indonesian and European women and the colonial state in the former Netherlands Indies (or Dutch East Indies) between 1900 and 1942. How did women of different racial backgrounds relate to each other and to 'the colonial project'? How did the colonial state address women's issues? What were the constructions of gender which dominated the discourse on these issues?" "The content is based on new data from a variety of sources, such as censuses, colonial archives, rural labour reports, household manuals, children's fiction and Indonesian press surveys. An introductory essay combines the outcomes of the case studies and relates those to ongoing debates within the history of colonialism. The book thus provides the reader with new insights in the social dynamics of colonial society and politics in relation to gender."--Jacket De auteur gaat na hoe Indonesische en Europese vrouwen met elkaar omgingen en tegenover het kolonialisme stonden. Ze beschrijft de houding van de regering t.a.v. de vrouwenkwestie en de plaats van gender hierin. Ze besteedt specifieke aandacht aan Indonesische vrouwenarbeid, Indonesische bediendes, Nederlandse koloniale mode en voeding, de strijd voor vrouwenkiesrecht en het debat over monogamie in 1937