زنان و سوسیالیسم، سوسیالیسم و زنان: اروپا بین دو جنگ جهانی

Until recently, histories of women tended to be segregated from the larger historical context. This pioneering volume places the role of women __within__ the history of the interwar years, whenboth the women's and socialist movements became prominent, and raises the key question of how power was distributed between the genders in a historical setting. The emblematic title of this volume highlights the fundamental conception of this comparative study of eleven West European countries: that in the interwar decades two great movements gained in strength, converged, diverged, competed, and cooperated. Each of these movements is viewed as acomplex matrix of organized and unorganized participants. However, by far the most provocative questions deal with gender relations. Central to these are definitions of femininity and masculinity in terms of mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion at the workplace, in the home, and in the political arena. The mystique of the "new woman" in the 1920s and the 1930s challenged traditional notions of gender identity and relations, not the least of which was the redefinition of the role of men. The main issue addressed in this volume is not how male socialists "dealt with" the woman question or how women functioned in or outside left-wingparties; it rather centers on illustrating the power distribution between the sexes in specific political and cultural contexts. This rigorously focused and coherent volume, to which some of the best-known scholars in the field have contributed, will no doubt establish itself as the standard reference work for years to come. CONTENTS List of Photo Essays List of Acronyms Acknowledgments Introduction 1914: Great Feminist Expectations Part I. Social Experiments Introduction 1. The “New Woman”: Realities and Illusions of Gender Equality in Red Vienna 2. Modernization as Challenge: Perceptions and Reactions of German Social Democratic Women 3. German Communism and New Women: Dilemmas and Contradictions Part II. Grassroots Initiatives Introduction 4. An Experiment in Women-Centered Socialism: Labour Women in Britain 5. Gender and Democratic Socialism in the Netherlands 6. Bread and Roses: Pragmatic Women in the Belgium Workers’ Party Part III. Political Fractures Introduction 7. French Women in the Crossfire of Class, Sex, Maternity and Citizenship 8. The French Communist Party and Women 1920-1939: From “Feminism” to Familialism 9. “Ideals of Redemption”: Socialism and Women on the Left in Spain 10. Women and the Left in the Shadow of Fascism in Interwar Italy Part IV. Prelude to Welfare States Introduction 11. Social Democrats and the Woman Question in Sweden: A History of Contradiction 12. A Double Responsibility: Women, Men, and Socialism in Norway 13. Socialist Feminists and Feminist Socialists in Denmark 1920-1940 Part V. Reflections 14. Women, Citizenship, and Power 15. From Welfare Politics to Welfare States: Women and the Socialist Question List of Contributors Indexes Name Index Subject Index Subject Index by Country