Women and public service : barriers, challenges, and opportunities

This book tackles the challenges that women face in the workplace generally and in the public sector particularly. While Women and Public Service spends time identifying and describing the problems that women faced in the past, it pays special attention to identifying possible remedies to these problems, and also surveys progress made in recent decades. The authors present the challenge of accommodating women in public sector organisations as both a fairness issue and also a human resources matter, as a fundamental prerequisite for recruiting the best and brightest talent.Key content coverage: The representation of women in public organisations, including occupational, agency and position level segregation Issues of pay equity--legislation, equal worth measures, and the serious links between the issue of representation and equal pay Special issues facing women in their workplace, including institutional climate, workplace violence, sexual harassment, social costs of career progression, and family-friendly policies. 1 From Representation To Diversity: The Road Ahead 3 -- From Diversity To Representation 4 -- Equity-based Arguments For Diversity 4 -- The Consumerist Argument For Representative Bureaucracy 11 -- Identity Diversity And Functional Diversity 12 -- Diversity And The Challenge Of Representing Groups 15 -- Passive And Active Representation 15 -- Work-life Balance, Fit, Or Satisfaction 17 -- Diversity Theories 20 -- Gender And Roles 21 -- Implicit Bias 22 -- Institutional Discrimination 24 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 25 -- Key Terms 27 -- 2 Legislation Affecting Women 28 -- Employment Discrimination Legislation 29 -- Sex-based Employment Discrimination 30 -- Equal Pay Legislation 32 -- Disability And Genetics Legislation 38 -- Legislation On Workplace Benefits 39 -- Family Medical Leave 40 -- Breastfeeding And The Law 46 -- Publicly Supported Child Care And Education 46 -- Reconsidering Policy: An Opportunity? 50 -- Family Responsibility Discrimination, A New Frontier 51 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 53 -- Key Terms 55 -- 3 Policy, The Executive Branch, And The Courts 56 -- Policies By Political Leadership Of The Executive Branch 57 -- Affirmative Action (executive Order 11246) 57 -- Obama Administration's Leadership 59 -- The Supreme Court And Landmark Rulings 60 -- Affirmative Action: University Of Michigan Admissions Policies 61 -- Equal Pay Act: Ledbetter V. Goodyear Tire 62 -- Implications For Title Vti Of The Civil Rights Act: Staub V. Proctor Hospital 62 -- Dukes V. Wal-mart 63 -- Sex Equality And Federal Agencies 64 -- Department Of Labor 64 -- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 64 -- National Science Foundation 65 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 66 -- Key Terms 67 -- 4 Social Costs Of Career 68 -- Workplace Choices 68 -- Social Costs Of Career: Trends In Marriage, Divorce, And Children 69 -- Career Costs: Salvaging A Career By Exiting And Reentering, Downshifting, Or Entrepreneurship 77 -- Part-time Bad Jobs 84 -- Work-life Balance Policies 86 -- Family And Medical Leave Act As The Floor 86 -- Flexible Schedules 88 -- Supportive Lactation Policies And Programs 88 -- Child-care And Elder-care Benefits 91 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 94 -- Key Terms 95 -- 5 Segregation And Representation Of Women In Public Organizations 96 -- Women In Representative Institutions 96 -- Overrepresentation And Underrepresentation In Public Administration 101 -- Agency Segregation 101 -- Position Segregation 108 -- Occupational Segregation 112 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 127 -- Key Terms 129 -- 6 Equal Pay 130 -- Nature Of Work And Pay 133 -- Occupational, Agency, And Position-level Segregations 136 -- Part-time Vs. Full-time Work 141 -- Entry And Reentry: The Mommy Track 142 -- Human Capital Factors 144 -- Organization Type And Industry 145 -- Years Of Experience 146 -- Collective Bargaining 146 -- Education And Pay 147 -- Authority Pays! 147 -- Age 147 -- Merit And Cost Of Living 148 -- Gender 148 -- A New Glass Ceiling 149 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 151 -- Key Terms 152 -- 7 Women In Organizations: From Mentoring To Bullying 153 -- Mentoring 154 -- Informal Vs. Formal Mentoring 154 -- Mentoring Functions 155 -- Negotiating 155 -- In The Workforce 156 -- In The Home 159 -- Workplace Violence 160 -- Bullying 160 -- Sexual Harassment 161 -- Physical Violence 164 -- Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 166 -- Key Terms 167 -- 8 Conclusion: Barriers, Challenges, And Opportunities 168 -- Barriers 170 -- Challenges 172 -- Opportunities 174 -- Last Words 176. By Mohamad G. Alkadry And Leslie E. Tower. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Women and Public Service Barriers, Challenges, and Opportunities, The demographic, economic, social, and political realities of the twentieth century introduced women to many fields and occupations that were historically reserved for men. The Public Administration field was no different, and today, more women are entering PA programs and the profession. This book tackles the challenges that women face in the workplace generally and in the public sector particularly. While Women and Public Service spends time identifying and describing the problems that women faced in the past, it pays special attention to identifying possible remedies to these problems, and also surveys progress made in recent decades. The authors present the challenge of accommodating women in public sector organizations as both a fairness issue and a human resources matter, as a fundamental prerequisite for recruiting the best and brightest talent. Key content coverage includes: the representation of women in public organizations, including occupational, agency, and position level segregation, issues of pay equity-legislation, equal worth measures, and the serious links between the issue of representation and equal pay, special issues facing women in the workplace, including institutional climate, workplace violence, sexual harassment, social costs of career progression, and family-friendly policies. From the Foreword by Camilla Stivers, Women and Public Service is a practical, sane, clear-sighted and altogether helpful book. The authors recognize the difference between what managers can (and should) do and the external forces that continue to make gender equality a slog. It's a topic forever at risk of lapsing again into invisibility. Praise for Women and Public Service Book jacket This book tackles the challenges that women face in the workplace generally and in the public sector particularly. Key content coverage: The representation of women in public organizations, including occupational, agency and position level segregation; Issues of pay equity legislation, equal worth measures, and the serious links between the issue of representation and equal pay; Special issues facing women in their workplace, including institutional climate, workplace violence, sexual harassment, social costs of career progression, and family-friendly policies. The book targets undergraduate and graduate students, employees, employers, and policy makers. -- Unedited summary from book This book discusses the professional issues women face in the workplace such as representation of women in public organizations including occupational, agency, and position level segregation, issues of pay equity, and special issues facing women in the workplace, including institutional climate, workplace violence, sexual harassment, social cost of career progression, and family-friendly policies This book tackles the challenges that women face in the workplace generally and in the public sector particularly. While it spends time identifying and describing the problems that women faced in the past, it pays special attention to identifying possible remedies to these problems, and also surveys progress made in recent decades.