Wireless Network Simulation : A Guide Using Ad Hoc Networks and the Ns-3 Simulator

Learn to run your own simulation by working with model analysis, mathematical background, simulation output data, and most importantly, a network simulator for wireless technology. This book introduces the best practices of simulator use, the techniques for analyzing simulations with artificial agents and the integration with other technologies such as Power Line Communications (PLC). Network simulation is a key technique used to test the future behavior of a network. It's a vital development component for the development of 5G, IoT, wireless sensor networks, and many more. This book explains the scope and evolution of the technology that has led to the development of dynamic systems such as Internet of Things and fog computing. You'll focus on the ad hoc networks with stochastic behavior and dynamic nature, and the ns-3 simulator. These are useful open source tools for academics, researchers, students and engineers to deploy telecommunications experiments, proofs and new scenarios with a high degree of similarity with reality. You'll also benefit from a detailed explanation of the examples and the theoretical components needed to deploy wireless simulations or wired, if necessary. What You'll Learn Review best practices of simulator uses Understand techniques for analyzing simulations with artificial agents Apply simulation techniques and experiment design Program on ns-3 simulator Analyze simulation results Create new modules or protocols for wired and wireless networks Who This Book Is For Undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and professors interested in network simulations. This book also includes theoretical components about simulation, which are useful for those interested in discrete event simulation DES, general theory of simulation, wireless simulation and ns-3 simulator. Table of Contents 4 About the Authors 9 About the Technical Reviewer 11 Preface 12 Chapter 1: Introduction to Simulation 16 Framework 16 Simulations, Models, and Their Importance in Research 17 Types of Simulation Techniques 19 Formal Systems Concepts 22 Simulation and Emulation 23 Network Simulators 27 ns-3 Simulator General Features 27 Formal Concepts and ns-3 Specification 32 Summary 38 Complementary Readings 38 Chapter 2: Wireless and Ad Hoc Networks 39 Connectivity and Mobility Evolution 40 History of Wireless Communication Technologies 41 Computing Architecture with Wireless Networks 42 The Internet of Things 42 Fog Computing 46 Edge Computing 47 Mobile Clouds and Ad Hoc Networks 49 Features and Challenges of MANETs 51 Wireless Mesh Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks 51 Cooperation in MANETs 52 Routing Protocols 53 Distance Vector and Link-State Routing 53 Social Clouds 54 MANET Clusters 55 Summary 56 Complementary Readings 56 Chapter 3: Design of Simulation Experiments 58 Introduction 58 Factorial Designs 66 2 k Factorial Design 66 2 k−p Fractional Factorial Designs 69 Example 70 Summary 75 Complementary Readings 76 Chapter 4: Network Simulating Using ns-3 77 ns-3 at a Glance 77 Relations Between Abstractions on ns-3 79 Code Style 81 My First Network 83 Running and Building Other Scripts 90 Emulation on ns-3 92 Animating the Simulation 95 Scheduler 98 Logging and Tracing 99 Trace Helpers 101 Using Command-Line Arguments 102 Summary 106 Exercises 106 Chapter 5: Analysis of Results 108 Output Data Analysis for a Single System 110 Transient and Steady-State Behavior of a Stochastic Process 111 The Random Nature of the Simulation Output 112 Types of Simulation According to the Output Analysis 113 Statistical Analysis for Terminating (or Transient) Simulations 114 The Number of Replicas 114 Statistical Analysis for Steady-State Parameters 115 The Replication-Deletion Approach 117 Simulation Procedure 118 Output Data Analysis 118 Results 120 Summary 121 Complementary Readings 121 Chapter 6: MANET Simulation on ns-3 122 A Simple Ad Hoc Network 122 Wi-Fi Model 124 The PHY Layer Model 126 MAC Low Model 127 MAC High Model 127 Node Abstractions 128 Socket Abstraction 132 Plot 138 Output 139 Agent-Based Simulation 140 Description of the Experiment 143 Abstractions 144 Tracing 150 Run Simulation 151 Analysis of Results 152 Run and Analyze 160 Results 162 Summary 169 Complementary Readings 169 Chapter 7: MANETs and PLC on ns-3 171 Power Line Communication 171 Fundamental Characteristics of the PLC Channel 172 Deterministic Models of PLC Channel 174 PLC Software for ns-3 Simulation 176 MANET and PLC Simulation 178 Wireless-PLC Mixed Node 185 PLC Simulation Examples 188 PLC Simulation on ns-3 188 Mixed Wireless-PLC Simulation on ns-3 193 Summary 195 Complementary Readings 196 Appendix A: Basic Statistics 197 Random Variables and Random Vectors 197 Random Variables 198 Probability Density Functions 198 Random Vector 199 Independence 199 Expected Value 200 Variance 201 Covariance 201 Correlation Coefficient 201 Binomial Random Variable 202 Normal Random Variable 203 Geometric Random Variable 204 Uniform Random Variable 204 Appendix B: ns-3 Installation 206 Installing ns-3 206 Installing Additional Features 209 Appendix C: Mininet 210 Appendix D: ns3-gym: OpenAI Gym Integration 213 Installation 213 Appendix E: Experiments 215 Testing Environment and Assumptions 216 Appendix F: PLC Code Experiment 218 Acronyms 236 Bibliography 242 Index 258 Earn to run your own simulation by working with model analysis, mathematical background, simulation output data, and most importantly, a network simulator for wireless technology. This book introduces the best practices of simulator use, the techniques for analyzing simulations with artificial agents and the integration with other technologies such as Power Line Communications (PLC). Network simulation is a key technique used to test the future behavior of a network. It's a vital development component for the development of 5G, IoT, wireless sensor networks, and many more. This book explains the scope and evolution of the technology that has led to the development of dynamic systems such as Internet of Things and fog computing. You'll focus on the ad hoc networks with stochastic behavior and dynamic nature, and the ns-3 simulator. These are useful open tools for academics, researchers, students and engineers to deploy telecommunications experiments, proofs and new scenarios with a high degree of similarity with reality. You'll also benefit from a detailed explanation of the examples and the theoretical components needed to deploy wireless simulations or wired, if necessary. You will: Review best practices of simulator uses Understand techniques for analyzing simulations with artificial agents Apply simulation techniques and experiment design Program on ns-3 simulator Analyze simulation results Create new modules or protocols for wired and wireless networks