Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications: 17th International Conference, WASA 2022, Dalian, China, November 24–26, 2022, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

The three-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2022, which was held during November 24th-26th, 2022. The conference took place in Dalian, China.The 95 full and 62 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 265 submissions. The contributions in cyber-physical systems including intelligent transportation systems and smart healthcare systems; security and privacy; topology control and coverage; energy-efficient algorithms, systems and protocol design Preface Organization Contents – Part I Contents – Part II Contents – Part III Cyber-Physical Systems Including Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Healthcare Systems An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Traffic Monitoring Services in Vehicular Networks 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Definitions 2.2 Models 3 Our Proposed Scheme 3.1 Overview 3.2 Location Privacy-Preserving Mechanism 3.3 Identity Privacy-Preserving Mechanism 4 Performance Evaluation 4.1 Results of Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms 4.2 Results of Costs 5 Conclusion References Skin Lesion Segmentation via Intensive Atrous Spatial Transformer 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Hand-Crafted Feature Based Methods 2.2 Deep Learning Based Methods 3 The Proposed Method 3.1 Overall Framework 3.2 IASPP Module 3.3 Loss Function 4 Experiments 4.1 Experiment Settings 4.2 Experimental Results 4.3 Analysis 4.4 Conclusion References Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN)-Based Lightweight Detection Model for Dangerous Driving Behavior 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Skeleton-Based Action Recognition 2.2 SVD Compress 3 Methodology 3.1 Graph Construction 3.2 Local Information Capture Module Based on GCN 3.3 Scene Fusion Based on Lightweight Object Detection 3.4 SVD-Based Compression 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset and Parameter Settings 4.2 Comparison with the State-of-the-Art 5 Ablation Study 5.1 Significance of Local Information 5.2 Effectiveness of Model Compression 5.3 Visualization 6 Conclusion References Increasing the Accuracy of Secure Model for Medical Data Sharing in the Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Model 4 VIM and SFA Algorithm 4.1 Validation Incentive Mechanism Based on Model Quality 4.2 SFA Algorithm 5 Security Analysis and Performance Evaluation 5.1 Security Analysis 5.2 Performance Evaluation 6 Conclusions References A Smart Contract-Based Intelligent Traffic Adaptive Signal Control Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Edge Computing 2.2 Consortium Blockchain 2.3 Signal Timing Optimization 3 Intelligent Traffic Signal Control Solution 3.1 Problem Description 3.2 System Design 3.3 System Model 3.4 Scheme Flow 4 Security Analysis and Experimental Results 4.1 Security Analysis 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Inferring Device Interactions for Attack Path Discovery in Smart Home IoT 1 Introduction 2 Background: Smart Home IoT 3 Motivation and Threat Model 3.1 Motivation Examples 3.2 Threat Model 4 Design 4.1 App-enabled Interaction Identification 4.2 Physical Interaction Identification 4.3 Attack Path Discovery 5 Experiments and Results 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References A Local Rotation Transformation Model for Vehicle Re-Identification 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Vehicle Re-Identification 2.2 Data Augmentation 3 Methodology 3.1 Overall Framework 3.2 Local Rotation Transformation 3.3 Target Selection Module 4 Experiment and Discussion 4.1 Datasets 4.2 Implementation 4.3 Ablation Study 4.4 Comparison with the State-of-the-Art 5 Conclusion References A Prototype System for Blockchain Performance Evaluation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Scheme of Building Prototype System 3.1 The Scheme of Real Deployment Test 3.2 The Scheme of Real Simulation Test 4 Experiment 4.1 The Architecture of Prototype System 4.2 The Experiments of Real Deployment Test 4.3 The Experiments of Simulation Test 5 Conclusion References A Spatial-Temporal Convolutional Model with Improved Graph Representation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Data Presented with Graph 2.2 Spatial-Temporal Data Forecasting 3 Data Design 3.1 Unstructured Graph Data 4 Model Design 4.1 Spatial Convolutional Layer 4.2 Temporal Convolutional Layer 5 Experiments 5.1 Dataset 5.2 Settings 5.3 Quantitative Analysis 5.4 Qualitative Analysis 6 Conclusions References A Proof-of-Weighted-Planned-Behavior Consensus for Efficient and Reliable Cyber-Physical Systems 1 Introduction 2 Architecture of Blockchain-Enabled CPS 2.1 Real Space Layer 2.2 Cyber Space Layer 2.3 Blockchain Layer 3 PoWPB 3.1 TPB 3.2 Design of PoWPB 3.3 Optimal Credit Threshold and Authorized Candidate Algorithm Design 4 Numerical Tests 5 Conclusions A Appendix A.1 Proof of Theorem 1 References E2M: Evolving Mobility Modeling in Metropolitan-Scale Electric Taxi Systems 1 Introduction 2 Overview 2.1 ET Contextualization 2.2 Framework Overview 3 Data Preprocessing 3.1 Mobility Event Extraction 3.2 Hotspot Detection 4 Mobility Modeling 4.1 Transition Pattern Modeling 4.2 Charging Pattern Modeling 4.3 Resting Pattern Modeling 5 Trajectory Generation 5.1 Deterministic Finite Automaton Algorithm 5.2 Fleet Generation Algorithm 6 Evaluation 6.1 Dataset and Experimental Settings 6.2 Transition Pattern Modeling Evaluation 6.3 Charging Behavior Prediction 6.4 Generation Evaluation 7 Conclusion References Multi-task Class Feature Space Fusion Domain Adaptation Network for Thyroid Ultrasound Images: Research on Generalization of Smart Healthcare Systems 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Adversarial Domain Adaptation 2.2 Medical Applications Based on Deep Learning 3 Method 3.1 Multi-task Domain Adaptation Framework 3.2 Class Feature Space Fusion 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Experiment Setup and Evaluation Value 4.3 Experiment Results 5 Conclusion References A Caching Strategy Based on Spreading Influence in Information-Centric Satellite Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Time-Varying Model of Satellite Networks 4 The CSSI Cache Model 4.1 Cache Strategy Based on Spreading Influence 4.2 The CSSI Routing and Forwarding Strategy 5 Simulation Experiments 5.1 Parameter Settings 5.2 Evaluation Indicators 5.3 Experimental Results 6 Summary References Posture and Appearance Fusion Network for Driver Distraction Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Graph Neural Network 2.2 Driver Behavior Recognition 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Patch Extraction Module 3.2 MFD-former Encoder 4 Experiments 4.1 Datasets Settings 4.2 Implementation Details 4.3 Comparison Results 5 Conclusion References A Behavior Decision Method for Autonomous Vehicles in an Urban Scene 1 Introduction 2 Trajectory and Behavior Prediction Method 2.1 Surrounding Vehicle Collection Extraction 2.2 Behavior and Trajectory Prediction of Adjacent Vehicles 3 Autonomous Vehicle Behavior Decision Model 3.1 Formal Specification 3.2 Autonomous Driving Behavior Decision 3.3 Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm for DMAV 4 Experiments and Evaluation 4.1 Experiment Results 4.2 Simulation Results of Behavior Decision Model 5 Conclusion References TimeBird: Context-Aware Graph Convolution Network for Traffic Incident Duration Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Spatio-temporal Forecasting 2.2 Traffic Incident Duration 3 Problem Definition 4 Model Architecture 4.1 Spatial Correlations 4.2 External Attributes 4.3 Temporal Correlations 4.4 Context-Aware Attention Mechanism 4.5 Model Training 5 Experiments 5.1 Implementation 5.2 Comparison with Baseline Methods 6 Conclusion References The Link Awareness Driven Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Scenario Marking and Vehicle Clustering in VANETs 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 Channel Resource Allocation Mechanism 3.1 Scenario Marking Based on the Density of Vehicles 3.2 V2V Links Clustering 3.3 Channel Allocation 4 Distributed Power Control Scheme 4.1 Power Control Based on the Interior Point Method 4.2 Complexity Analysis 5 Experiment 6 Conclusion References Socially Acceptable Trajectory Prediction for Scene Pedestrian Gathering Area 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Gathering Area 2.2 Generative Modeling 3 Method 3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 GA-GAN 4 Experiment 4.1 Dataset and Implementation Details 4.2 Quantitative Analysis 4.3 Qualitative Analysis 5 Conclusion References Wi-KF: A Rehabilitation Motion Recognition in Commercial Wireless Devices 1 Introduction 2 Relates Work 2.1 Non-Wi-Fi Based Motion Recognition 2.2 Wi-Fi Based Motion Recognition 3 Related Theories 3.1 Channel State Information 3.2 Doppler Frequency Shifts 4 Systems Design 4.1 System Overview 4.2 Data Acquisition and Processing 4.3 BoCF Feature Extraction 4.4 ELM Classification Algorithm 5 Set-Up of the Experimental and Analysis of the Experimental 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Experimental Analysis 6 Results References Security and Privacy An Effective Insider Threat Detection Apporoach Based on BPNN 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Organization 2 Related Work 3 Our Approach 3.1 System Structure 3.2 Insider Threat Detection Method Based on VAE and BPNN 4 Experiments 4.1 Experimental Dataset 4.2 Experimental Environment 4.3 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References VMT: Secure VANETs Message Transmission Scheme with Encryption and Blockchain 1 Introduction 2 Threat Models and Design Goals 2.1 Threat Models 2.2 Design Goals 3 Our Proposed Encryption Scheme in VANETs 3.1 Overall 3.2 Setup and Key Extraction 3.3 Encryption 3.4 Decryption 4 Security Analysis 4.1 Correctness of VMT 4.2 Soundness of VMT 4.3 Message Confidentiality 4.4 Amnesia of VMT 4.5 Access Control 4.6 Forward Security 5 Performance Evaluation 6 Related Work 7 Conclusion References Robust Truth Discovery Against Multi-round Data Poisoning Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Multi-round Data Poisoning Attacks Against TruthFinder 3.1 Multi-round Data Poisoning Attacks 3.2 Vulnerability of TruthFinder 4 High Robust Truth Discovery with Malicious Worker Detection 4.1 High Robust Truth Discovery 4.2 Malicious Worker Detection 5 Experimental Study 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Robustness of HRTDMD 6 Conclusions References BERT-Based Vulnerability Type Identification with Effective Program Representation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Framework 3.1 Basic Idea 3.2 Framework Overview 4 Design 4.1 Program Slicing 4.2 Encoding 4.3 Feature Extraction 4.4 Classification 5 Experiments and Results 5.1 Evaluation Metrics 5.2 Dataset and Experimental Setup 5.3 Label 5.4 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Privacy-Preserving and Truthful Auction for Task Assignment in Outsourced Cloud Environments 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation and Primitives 2.1 System Framework 2.2 Auction Mechanism 2.3 Cryptographic Tools 3 Our Protocol 3.1 Overview 3.2 Secure Winning Bids Determination 3.3 Secure Payments Computation 3.4 Security and Efficiency Analysis 4 Experiments 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References An SM2-based Traceable Ring Signature Scheme for Smart Grid Privacy Protection 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 2 Related Work 3 Formal Model and Requirements 3.1 Formal Model 3.2 Formal Signature 3.3 Security and Privacy Requirements 4 Preliminaries 4.1 EC-DLP 4.2 Chinese Commercial Cryptographic SM2 ch25refspsurl3,ch25refspsurl6 4.3 SM2-based Ring Signature 4.4 Liu's Key Isolation Scheme with KEM ch25refspslncs2 4.5 Forking Lemma for Ring Signature 5 SM2-based SA-TRS Scheme 5.1 Construction 5.2 Proof of Correctness 6 Proof of Privacy and Security 6.1 Proof of Anonymity 6.2 Proof of Strong Unforgeability Based on Forking Lemma 7 Evaluation 7.1 Functionality Comparison 7.2 Performance Evaluation 8 Applications 9 Conclusion References Collusion-Tolerant Data Aggregation Method for Smart Grid 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Problem Statement 3.1 System Model 3.2 Security Assumption 4 Preliminaries 4.1 Paillier Homomorphic Encryption 4.2 Shamir Threshold Scheme 5 The Proposed Scheme 5.1 Aggregation Protocol for Sum 5.2 Aggregation Protocol for Min 5.3 Aggregation Protocol for Electricity Bill 6 Security Analysis 7 Performance 8 Conclusion References Network Defense Resource Allocation Scheme with Multi-armed Bandits 1 Introduction 2 Problem Definition 2.1 Problem Description 2.2 Attacker Strategies 2.3 Defender Strategies 3 Defense Resource Allocation Strategy 3.1 Characteristics of the Defender's Total Expected Utility 3.2 NDRAS 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Evaluate NDRAS 4.3 Experimental Comparison of NDRAS with Other Algorithms 4.4 Influencing Factors 4.5 Comparison Results 5 Conclusion References FLFHNN: An Efficient and Flexible Vertical Federated Learning Framework for Heterogeneous Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Overview of FLFHNN 4 Privacy-Preserving Learning Algorithms 5 Experiments 5.1 Datasets 5.2 Experimental Setup 5.3 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Phishing Frauds Detection Based on Graph Neural Network on Ethereum 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Preliminary 4 Our Method 4.1 Edge-Sampling to Node Vector Algorithm 4.2 Model Construction 4.3 Model Training 5 Experiments 5.1 Dataset Description 5.2 Baseline Methods 5.3 Experimental Setup and Evaluation Metrics 5.4 Performance Analysis 5.5 Model Parameters Study 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Blockchain-Aided Hierarchical Attribute-Based Encryption for Data Sharing 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Bilinear Maps 2.2 Access Structure 2.3 Linear Secret Sharing Schemes (LSSS) 3 System Model 4 Construction 5 Security Analysis 5.1 Data Security 5.2 Tamper-Proofing 5.3 Privacy-Preservation 6 Performance Evaluation 6.1 Theoretical Analysis and Comparison 6.2 Numerical Experimental Analysis 7 Conclusion A Appendix References Efficient Certificateless Ring Signcryption Scheme with Constant Ciphertext Length on Blockchain 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Hard Problems 2.2 Certificateless Ring Signcryption Model 2.3 Security Model 3 Certificateless Ring Signcryption Scheme 4 Security Analysis 5 Performance Analysis 6 Conclusion References An Efficient Soft Analytical Side-Channel Attack on Ascon 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Ascon 2.2 Belief Propagation 3 The Proposed Method 3.1 SASCA 3.2 Basic Construction 3.3 Optimize 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion and Open Problems References Privacy-preserving WiFi Fingerprint Localization Based on Spatial Linear Correlation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 System and Threat Model 2.2 Prelinminaries 3 Privacy-preserving WiFi Localization Framework 3.1 Offline Phase 3.2 Online Phase 4 Evaluation 4.1 Security Analysis 4.2 Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Secure RFID Handwriting Recognition–Attacker Can Hear but Cannot Understand 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Preliminary 4 Attacking Model 5 Detailed Design of SecRFPen 5.1 Data Collection 5.2 Data Preprocessing 5.3 Classification Module 6 Performance Evaluation 6.1 Implementation 6.2 Accuracy of Handwriting Recognition 6.3 Investigating the Impact of Different Conditions 7 Conclusion References Privacy Preserving Federated Learning Using CKKS Homomorphic Encryption 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Privacy Preserving Federated Learning 2.2 Federated Learning with Homomorphic Encryption 3 Preliminaries 3.1 Homomorphic Encryption 3.2 Federated Learning 4 Privacy Enhanced Federated Averaging 4.1 Design of PE-FedAvg 4.2 Security Analysis 4.3 Communication Cost Analysis 5 Evaluation 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Communication Cost 5.3 Evaluatioin on the Training Performance 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Reinforcement Learning Based Vulnerability Analysis for Smart Grids Against False Data Injection Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Model 3.1 Network Model 3.2 Attack Model 4 Deep RL Based Vulnerability Analysis 5 Complexity Analysis 6 Simulation Results 7 Conclusion References Blockchain-Based Secure and Efficient Federated Learning with Three-phase Consensus and Unknown Device Selection 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 BCFL System 4 Proof of Model Quality 4.1 Model Aggregation Phase 4.2 Verifying and Voting Phase 4.3 Ledger Update Phase 5 Unknown Device Selection Algorithm 5.1 Device Quality Model 5.2 Online Learning Algorithm Based on PoMQ Consensus(OLAC) 6 Implementation 7 Experiment Evaluation 7.1 Evaluation Results 8 Conclusion References TraceDroid: Detecting Android Malware by Trace of Privacy Leakage 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Design Of Tracedroid 3.1 Overview 3.2 Static Analysis 3.3 Dynamic Analysis 3.4 Transmission Classification 4 Evaluation 4.1 Experimental Settings 4.2 Comparison with Benchmark 4.3 Real App 5 Conclusion References CA-Free Real-Time Fuzzy Digital Signature Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Preliminary 2.1 Secure Sketches 2.2 Fuzzy Extractor Scheme 3 Our Proposed Scheme 3.1 Fuzzy Extractor 3.2 CT Generator 3.3 Key Pair Generator 3.4 Signed File Verification 4 Security Analysis 5 Experiment Results 6 Conclusion References Efficient Post Quantum Random Oblivious Transfer Based on Lattice 1 Introduction 2 The Construction of TCF k-Regular Functions 2.1 Requirements on Parameters 2.2 On the TCF 2-Regular Functions 2.3 The Construction of TCF k-Regular Functions 3 Our 1-k ROT Protocols 3.1 The 1-2 ROT Protocol 3.2 The 1-k ROT Protocol 3.3 The Security Analysis of Our 1-2 ROT Protocol 4 The UC-security of Our 1-2 ROT Protocol 5 Conclusion References A Secure Aggregation Scheme for Model Update in Federated Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Problem Formalization 3.1 System Model 3.2 Threat Model 4 Preliminaries 4.1 Smart Contract and Blockchain 4.2 Secret Sharing 5 Our Schemes 5.1 System Initialization 5.2 Security Shield Distribution 5.3 Regional Aggregation 5.4 Global Aggregation 5.5 Double Fault Tolerance Mechanism 6 Theoretical Analysis 6.1 Avoid Tampering Attacks 6.2 Avoid Collusion Attacks 6.3 Avoid Denial of Service Attacks 7 Performance Evaluation 7.1 Experiment Setup 7.2 Performance Evaluation 7.3 Robustness Verification 8 Conclusion References A Novel Self-supervised Few-shot Network Intrusion Detection Method 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Background 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Network Traffic Generation Pseudo Labels 4.2 Network Traffic Representation Model 4.3 Network Intrusion Detection Model 5 Experiments and Results 5.1 Datasets Description 5.2 Data Preprocessing and Evaluation Metrics 5.3 Pseudo Labels Generation 5.4 Improved Model Performance on Few-shot 5.5 Network Intrusion Detection Model Comparison 6 Conclusion References A Trust Secure Data Aggregation Model with Multiple Attributes for WSNs 1 Introduction 2 Trust Secure Data Aggregation Model with Multiply Attributes 2.1 Network Model 2.2 Direct Trust(DT) 2.3 Indirect Trust(IT) 2.4 Total Trust Computing 2.5 Trust Path Selection 2.6 Secure Data Aggregation 3 Experimental Simulation 3.1 Performance Evaluation 3.2 Trust Computation and Accuracy 4 Conclusion References Lattice-Based Revocable Identity-Based Proxy Re-encryption with Re-encryption Verifiability 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Definition and Security Model of RIB-VPRE 3 Selective-RIB-VPRE Scheme 3.1 Correctness and Security Analysis 4 Adaptive-RIB-VPRE Scheme References Malicious Domain Detection with Heterogeneous Graph Propagation Network 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Heterogeneous Information Network 2.2 Meta-path 3 The Proposed Method 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Heterogeneous Graph Construction 3.3 Meta-path Extraction 3.4 HGPN Classifier 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Parameter Setting and Evaluation Metrics 4.3 Performance Evaluation of HGPN 4.4 Ablation Studies 4.5 Parameter Sensitivity 4.6 Performance Evaluation of HGPNDom 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References Interference Mitigation via Collaborative Beamforming in UAV-Enabled Data Collections: A Multi-objective Optimization Method 1 Introduction 2 Models and Problem Formulation 2.1 Models 2.2 Problem Formulation 3 The Proposed Method 3.1 CMOMVO 3.2 Main Steps and Analysis of CMOMVO 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Authentication Mechanism Based on Physical Layer Security in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Authentication Mechanism Based on Physical Layer Security 3.1 Construction of Feature Set of Channel State Information 3.2 Authentication Model Based on PU Bagging Strategy 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References A Practical Data Authentication Scheme for Unattended Wireless Sensor Networks Using Physically Unclonable Functions 1 Introduction 2 System Model 2.1 Network Model 2.2 Adversarial Model 3 Proposed Practical Data Autnentication Scheme 3.1 PUF-AKA Protocol 3.2 PUF-MAC Scheme 4 Analysis and Experiment 4.1 Security Analysis 4.2 PUF Experiment 5 Conclusion References On Eliminating Blocking Interference of RFID Unauthorized Reader Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Unauthorized Reader Detection System Analysis 3.1 Analysis of the Parameter in UR Detection System 3.2 UR Detection System 3.3 Model of Moving Human 4 Eliminating Blocking Interference Method 4.1 Data Pre-processing 4.2 Velocity Database 4.3 Eliminating Blocking Interference 5 Experiment 5.1 Accuracy of UR Detection System 5.2 Time-Delay of UR Detection System 5.3 Evaluation of FPR 5.4 Accuracy of Velocity Estimation 6 Conclusion References Gradient-Based Adversarial Attacks Against Malware Detection by Instruction Replacement 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Malconv for Malware Detection 2.2 Adversarial Malware Example 3 Methods and Techniques 3.1 Benign Sequences Instructions Replacement 3.2 Gradient Attack 4 Evaluation 4.1 Dataset and Malconv Setup 4.2 Experiment Results 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References Topology Control and Coverage Opportunistic Network Routing Algorithm Based on Ferry Node Cluster Active Motion and Collaborative Computing 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Routing Arithmetic Design 3.1 Relevant Definitions 3.2 An Active Path Planning Routing Algorithm for Multi-ferry Nodes 4 Experimental Simulation and Result Analysis 4.1 Experimental Parameters and Scene Settings 4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Optimal Deployment and Scheduling of a Mobile Charging Station in the Internet of Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Model 4 Problem Formulation 5 Solutions 5.1 Problem Decomposition 5.2 EV Assignment Algorithm (EAA) 5.3 MCV Deployment and EV Assignment 6 Simulation Results 6.1 Parameters and Settings 6.2 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions References Energy-Efficient Algorithms, Systems and Protocol Design Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS Assisted RSMA System over Estimated Channel 1 Introduction 2 RIS Assisted Communication System Model 2.1 System Model 2.2 Channel Estimation 3 RSMA-Based EE Maximization 3.1 Energy Efficient Problem Formulation 3.2 Joint Design of Power Allocation and Reflection Phase Shift Matrix 4 Numerical Results 5 Conclusion References Author Index