Wi-Fi 6 : protocol and network

This book provides an in-depth technical overview of six generations of Wi-Fi standards covering protocol, implementation, and system deployment aspects. The new features and capabilities of the latest sixth generation standard called Wi-Fi6, and its security are described. Alternate use cases of Wi-Fi are addressed, including 60 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11ad/ay) and indoor positioning using Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi6 is described as it compares 5G technology. Readers will understand practical implementation challenges, problems, and common solutions relevant to Wi-Fi deployment in different environments. Wi-Fi 6: Protocol and Network Contents Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 IEEE Standardization Process 1.2 Wi-Fi Alliance 1.3 Spectrum 1.4 Outline of Chapters Chapter 2 Wi-Fi 1 to 5 Overview 2.1 MAC Layer Overview 2.1.1 Network Architecture 2.1.2 MAC Frame Format and Types 2.1.3 Medium Access Rules 2.1.4 AP Discovery Process 2.1.5 Connection Establishment and Termination 2.1.6 Off-Channel Scanning 2.1.7 Quality of Service 2.1.8 Fragmentation and Aggregation 2.1.9 STA Power Save Methods 2.1.10 Multicast Traffic 2.1.11 STA Roaming 2.1.12 AP Channel Switching 2.2 PHY Layer Overview 2.2.1 Wi-Fi Generation 1 (802.11b) 2.2.2 Wi-Fi Generation 2 (802.11a) 2.2.3 Wi-Fi Generation 3 (802.11g) 2.2.4 Wi-Fi Generation 4 (802.11n) 2.2.5 Wi-Fi Generation 5 (802.11ac) 2.3 References Chapter 3 Wi-Fi 6 3.1 HE PPDU Formats 3.1.1 Long OFDM Symbol 3.2.2 GI and HE LTF 3.2 Single User Operation 3.2.1 Coding and Modulation 3.2.2 Dual Carrier Modulation 3.2.3 HE TxBf and Channel Sounding 3.2.4 Midamble 3.2.5 Multi-TID AMPDU 3.2.6 Blockack Length 3.2.7 Aggregation Limits 3.2.8 Duration-based RTS-CTS 3.3 Multiuser Operation 3.3.1 OFDMA Resource Unit Allocation 3.3.2 Downlink MU Operation 3.3.3 Uplink MU Operation 3.3.4 Trigger Frame Types 3.3.5 Buffer Status Report 3.3.6 MU EDCA 3.4 Target Wake Time 3.4.1 TWT Agreement Setup 3.4.2 Types of TWT Agreements 3.4.3 TWT Summary 3.5 BSS Coloring 3.5.1 BSS Color Collision 3.5.2 BSS Color Change Announcement 3.6 Spatial Reuse 3.6.1 OBSS PD-based SR 3.6.2 PSR-based SR 3.6.3 Practical Challenges in SR 3.7 Enhanced Multi-BSSID Advertisement 3.7.1 Profile Periodicity 3.8 Preamble puncturing 3.9 Operating Mode Indication 3.10 HE Capability Advertisement 3.11 When to do SU, MU-MIMO and MU-OFDMA 3.11.1 Examples 3.12 References Chapter 4 Wi-Fi Security 4.1 Wired Equivalent Privacy 4.1.1 WEP Authentication 4.1.2 WEP Encryption 4.1.3 WEP Vulnerabilities 4.2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 4.2.1 WPA Personal 4.2.2 WPA Enterprise 4.2.3 WPA Encryption 4.2.4 Message Integrity Check 4.3 WPA2 4.3.1 WPA2 Authentication 4.3.2 WPA2 Encryption 4.3.3 Message Integrity Check 4.3.4 PMK Caching 4.3.5 Opportunistic Key Caching 4.3.6 Fast BSS Transition 4.3.7 Protected Management Frames 4.3.8 Wi-Fi Protected Setup 4.4 Key Reinstallation Attack 4.5 WPA3 4.5.1 WPA3 Authentication 4.5.2 WPA3 Encryption 4.5.3 WPA3 Transition Mode 4.5.4 Device Provisioning Protocol 4.5.5 Opportunistic Wireless Encryption 4.6 Multichannel Man-in-the-Middle 4.6.1 Operation Channel Validation 4.6.2 Beacon Protection 4.7 Fragmentation and Aggregation Attacks 4.8 Rogue AP Detection 4.9 Summary 4.10 References Chapter 5 Wi-Fi Implementation 5.1 Hardware 5.1.1 Radio Requirements 5.1.2 Host Processor 5.1.3 Memory Size 5.2 Software 5.2.1 Rate Adaptation 5.2.2 Scheduler 5.2.3 Buffer management 5.2.4 Packet Processing Speed 5.2.5 Channel Selection 5.2.6 STA Roaming Algorithm 5.2.7 STA Power Save Algorithm 5.2.8 Capability Advertisements 5.3 Regulatory Requirements 5.3.1 Allowed Channel Frequencies 5.3.2 In-Band Power and Out-of-Band Emission Limits 5.3.3 Dynamic Frequency Selection 5.4 Wi-Fi Certifications 5.5 References Chapter 6 Wi-Fi 6E 6.1 6-GHz Channelization 6.2 AP Discovery 6.2.1 Minimizing Probe Traffic 6.2.2 Out-of-Band Discovery of a 6-GHz AP 6.2.3 Fast Passive Scanning of a 6-GHz Only AP 6.3 EMA support in 6 GHz 6.4 Security Modes in 6 GHz 6.5 Beacon Advertisement and PHY Rates in 6 GHz 6.6 On Channel Tunneling 6.7 Fast Initial Link Setup 6.7.1 FILS and Fast BSS Transition 6.8 6-GHz Regulatory Requirements 6.8.1 FCC 6.8.2 ETSI 6.9 Wi-Fi 6E Certification 6.10 Wi-Fi 6E Implementation Challenges 6.11 160-MHz Multiple AP Deployment in 6 GHz 6.12 References Chapter 7 Wi-Fi Deployment 7.1 Residential Wi-Fi Deployment 7.1.1 Mesh 7.1.2 AP Placement 7.1.3 Channel Bandwidth Selection 7.2 Enterprise Indoor Wi-Fi Deployment 7.2.1 Power over Ethernet 7.2.2 Choosing AP Specification 7.2.3 Channel Bandwidth Selection 7.2.4 Estimating the Number of APs 7.2.5 Mitigating Inter-AP Interference 7.2.6 Upgrading Existing Deployment 7.2.7 Reducing Overhead in High-Density Deployments 7.3 Outdoor Wi-Fi Deployment 7.4 Post Deployment Site Survey 7.5 References Chapter 8 5G Overview and Wi-Fi Comparison 8.1 Evolution of Cellular Technologies (1G-4G) 8.1.1 First Generation Cellular Technologies 8.1.2 Second Generation Cellular Technologies 8.1.3 Third Generation Cellular Technologies 8.1.4 Fourth Generation Cellular Technologies 8.2 Fifth Generation Cellular Technology 8.3 Comparison with Wi-Fi 8.3.1 Technology 8.3.2 Security 8.3.3 Ease of Deployment 8.3.4 Total Cost of Ownership 8.3.5 Use Cases 8.4 Summary 8.5 References Chapter 9 Conclusion List of Acronyms and Abbreviations About the Authors Index "With more than 15 billion Wi-Fi enabled devices, Wi-Fi has proven itself as a technology that has successfully evolved over the past 25 years. The need for high-speed connectivity is growing, as Wi-Fi has evolved into a fundamental utility that is expected to be available everywhere. This comprehensive resource covers six generations of Wi-Fi standards including protocol, implementation, and network deployment for both residential and enterprise environments. It will provide readers with a new understanding of how to approach and debug basic Wi-Fi problems, and will grant those wondering whether to pick 5G or Wi-Fi 6 for their product the clarity needed to make an informed decision. Readers will find in-depth coverage of Wi-Fi encryption and authentication methods, including explorations of recently uncovered security vulnerabilities and how to fix them. This book also provides detailed information on the implementation of Wi-Fi, including common regulatory and certification requirements, as well its associated challenges. This book also provides direction on the placement of Wi-Fi access points in indoor locations. It introduces the most recent Wi-Fi 6E certification, which defines requirements for devices operating on the newly opened 6 GHz band. Wi-Fi 6 is then compared with 5G technology, and this resource provides insight into the benefits of each as well as how these two technologies can be used to complement each other." -- Provided by publisher