Why Did the Socialist System Collapse in Central and Eastern European Countries? : The Case of Poland, the Former Czechoslovakia and Hungary

In the book the author discusses the reasons for the collapse of the socialist system in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. He analyses the roles of economic and political factors and of the USSR. He concludes that the lack of legitimacy of the communist regime, the disintegration of the Communist Party and its ideology were at least as important reasons as increasing lag behind the West in technology and the declining standard of living. The book discusses the economic and some of the political and social causes of the collapse of the socialist system in Poland, the former Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The causes of the former Soviet Union's own collapse are briefly examined, in order to explain its role in the demise of socialism. Political factors played at least as important a role as economic factors in the breakdown. Of the economic factors the most important were the increasing gap between the East and the West in the level of technology, unfavourable developments in the standard of living, the excessive socialisation of the means of production, and growing indebtedness. Systemic and economic policy factors should be blamed for this development. Economic reforms did not succeed because, in the 1960's, they did not go far enough and, in the 1980's, it was too late. Of the political factors the most important were lack of legitimacy, erosion of the socialist ideology, disintegration of the communist parties, and the abandonment of Brezhnev's doctrine. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Thoughts on the Causes of the Collapse of the Socialist System....Pages 3-17 Front Matter....Pages 19-19 The Traditional Economic Mechanism....Pages 21-38 Economic Policy....Pages 39-57 Labour—Management Relations and Incentives....Pages 58-70 Foreign Economic Relations....Pages 71-88 Political and Ideological Factors....Pages 89-114 Front Matter....Pages 115-115 Economic Reforms....Pages 117-137 Development of the Economies....Pages 138-160 Ownership Relations....Pages 161-179 The Soviet Factor....Pages 180-203 Front Matter....Pages 205-205 Conclusions....Pages 207-215 Back Matter....Pages 217-244