White Supremacy, Racism and the Coloniality of Anti-Trafficking

Global efforts to combat human trafficking are ubiquitous and reference particular ideas about unfreedoms, suffering, and rescue. The discourse has, however, a distinct racialized legacy that is lodged specifically in fears about "white slavery," women in prostitution and migration, and the defilement of white womanhood by the criminal and racialized Other. __White Supremacy, Racism and the Coloniality of Anti-Trafficking__ centers the legacies of race and racism in contemporary anti-trafficking work and examines them in greater detail. A number of recent arguments have suggested that race and racism are not only visible, but vital, to the success of contemporary anti- trafficking discourses and movements. The contributors offer recent scholarship grounded in critical anti- racist perspectives that reveal the historical and contemporary racial working of anti- trafficking discourses and practices globally—and how these intersect with gender, citizenship, sexuality, caste and class formations, and the global political economy. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Acknowledgments Contributors Introduction: Rethinking the Field From Anti-Racist and Decolonial Perspectives Notes References Part I White Supremacy and Imperialism in Anti-Trafficking Chapter 1 Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Smuggling Campaigns in West Africa as New Racialised Migration Deterrence Efforts Introduction Anti-Trafficking Discourses and Campaigns in Nigeria Putting Africa-EU Migration in Context: Is Africa Emptying Into Europe? Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Smuggling Advocacy as Tools for Racist Migration and Citizenship Agendas Interviews With Nigerian Women in Ghana Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Smuggling Campaigns as Obstacles to Women’s Mobility Discussion and Conclusion Notes References Chapter 2 Trafficking, Terror and Their Tropes The “Terror” of Trafficking Producing Panic, Problematic Paradigms Bad Guys vs. Good Guys Sexual Politics of the Muslim Body Colliding Wars Conclusion Notes References Chapter 3 The Anti-Trafficking Apparatus Has a Racial Justice Problem The White Supremacy of Anti-Trafficking’s Investigative Reporting Inside-Outside Prison Organizing, 2016–2018 Reforms to Undermine Racial Justice Movements Notes References Chapter 4 Exploring the Role of Race and Racial Difference in the Legislative Intent of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act Immigration Context of the TVPA The Legislative History of the TVPA TVPA: A Human Rights Rather Than Immigration Bill TVPA as a Bill to Protect European Women and Children TVPA as a Bill to Punish Non-White Traffickers Conclusion Notes References Legislation and Congressional Records Chapter 5 Global White Supremacy and Anti-Trafficking: Race, Racism, and the Politics of Human Trafficking Human Trafficking and Global White Supremacy White Feminine Subjectivity, Racism, and Trafficking in Women War On Trafficking, War On Sex Workers Conclusion Notes References Chapter 6 To Trip the White Fantastic: The Road From White Supremacy to Sex Trafficking Safaris References Part II Colonialism and Racialization in Anti-Trafficking Chapter 7 Whore’s Passport: Racialism, National Identity, and the Trafficking of Brazilian Women Your Papers, Please? The Whore and the State “What Is It About Brazilian Women?” Thoroughly Modern Maria Whore’s Passport: Respectability Politics Under Surveilled Globalism Notes References Chapter 8 Anti-Trafficking and Settler-Colonial Discourses of Protection: The Coloniality of Racialized Interventions Introduction Settler-Colonialism and the Coloniality of Anti-Trafficking The Discursive Linking of MMIWG2S+ and Anti-Trafficking in a Settler-Colonial Context Settler-Colonial Interventions and the Coloniality of Policing Anti-Trafficking MMIWG2S+ and Coordinated Anti-Trafficking Policing Projects Conclusion Notes References Chapter 9 The Jaula and Racialization of the Amazon: Reflections On Racism and Geopolitics in the Struggle Against Human Trafficking in Brazil Introduction The Cage Political Arrangements Locating Trafficking in the Amazon Colonial Racism, Humanitarianism and Capillarity: Upgrading Missionary Power in the Amazon Final Considerations Notes References Chapter 10 Constructing Victims and Criminals Through the Racial Figure of “The Gypsy” Introduction Methodology Racialization, Whiteness and Institutional Racism The European Historical Figure of “The Gypsy” The History of David Experiencing Exploitation and Fraud in the Danish Labor Market Identified as a Victim of Human Trafficking Out of Place – Criminalizing the Victim of Human Trafficking The Conflation of “Romanian,” “Romany” and “Gypsy” Conclusion Notes References Chapter 11 “Is It Because I’m Not Young and White With Blue Eyes?”: Canadian Police Response to Sex Workers of Colors’ Experiences of Exploitation and Trafficking Introduction Theoretical Framework and Literature Review Method and Participants Sex Workers of Colors’ Interactions With Police Officers Case #1: Self-Reported Victimization By an Escaped, Black Sex Worker Case #2: Awarding Victim Status to a South Asian Sex Worker Conclusion Notes References Chapter 12 Trafficking Indianness By Legislating Settler Sexual Logics Whose “Law and Order?” Settler Logics of Sexual Excess Conclusion Notes References Cited Legislation Chapter 13 Imperial Anti-Trafficking in India: Producing Racialized Knowledge Regimes Over the Longue Durée Notes References Part III Migrant and Sex Worker Resistance to Anti-Trafficking Chapter 14 Resistance of Butterfly: Mobilization of Asian Migrant Sex Workers Against Sexism and Racism in Canadian Anti-Trafficking Measures Introduction Histories and Legacies of Constructed Victimization Sex and Migration in Nation and Empire Building Orientalizing Narratives of Trafficking and Sexual Slavery Early Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Prostitution Measures Discourse of Anti-Trafficking and Current Policies in Canada Contemporary Views On Sex Work and Trafficking Victimization and Criminalization of Sex Workers in Canada Resistance of Butterfly: Disturbing the System Through Organizing Butterfly: Asian and Migrant Sex Workers Support Network in Canada Beyond the Victim Label: Speaking Out as Resistance Challenging the Discourse of Anti-Trafficking as Resistance: External Allyship Building Internal Mobilization as Resistance: Sex Work Is Not Human Trafficking Conclusion Notes References Chapter 15 The Aesthetic of Migrant Sex Work: Creation of White Identity and Perceived Moral Superiority References Chapter 16 Sex Work in Jamaica: Trafficking, Modern Slavery, and Slavery’s Afterlives Neither Slavery Nor Freedom Framing Jamaican Sex Workers as Victims of “Trafficking and Modern Slavery” The Enigma of Consent The Afterlives of Slavery: Criminalization, Stigma and Violence Conclusion Acknowledgments Note References Chapter 17 Migrant Domestic Workers, Asylum-Seekers and Premonitions of Anti-Trafficking in Hong Kong Introduction Migrant Domestic Workers and the Illegibility of Trafficking The Routinization of Trafficking Factors and the Criminalization of Identification Erwiana Sulistyaningsih and the Recognition of Harm Asylum-Seekers, Trafficking and Precarious Mobility Strategies Conclusion Notes Funding Acknowledgement References Index "Chapters in this book offer critically valuable scholarship grounded in anti-racist perspectives illuminating the historical and contemporary racial mechanisms within global anti-trafficking discourses and practices. Topics converge and intersect with gender, citizenship, sexuality, class formations, and the global political economy"-- Provided by publisher