Which European Union? : Europe after the Euro crisis

Sergio Fabbrini argues that the European Union (EU) is made up of states pursuing different aims, rather than simply moving in the same direction at different speeds. He describes the alternative perspectives on the EU (an economic community, an intergovernmental union, and a parliamentary union), that led to multiple compromises in its structure and shows how the Euro crisis has called them into question. The book argues that a new European political order is necessary to deal with the consequences of the crisis, based on an institutional differentiation between the EU member states interested only in market co-operation and those advancing towards a genuine economic and monetary union. Such a differentiation would allow the latter group to become a political union, conceptualised as a compound union of states and citizens, while preserving a revised framework of a single market in which both groups of states can participate. Cover 1 Half-title 3 Title page 5 Copyright information 6 Dedication 7 Table of contents 9 List of boxes 12 List of figures 13 List of tables 14 List of abbreviations 15 Preface– How many unions? 19 Acknowledgments 36 Part I Institutionalization of multiple unions 39 1 From Rome to the Lisbon Treaty 41 1.1 Introduction 41 1.2 The institutionalization of the single market 43 An elite-driven peace pact 43 The institutional foundations 47 From a common to a single market 50 1.3 Maastricht and the new critical juncture 52 1.4 Maastricht’s multiple compromises 59 1.5 Maastricht to the Lisbon Treaty 64 1.6 Conclusion 68 2 The Lisbon Treaty and the euro crisis 71 2.1 Introduction 71 2.2 The supranational Lisbon Treaty 72 2.3 The intergovernmental Lisbon Treaty: foreign policy 79 2.4 The intergovernmental Lisbon Treaty: economic policy 83 2.5 The euro crisis and the European Council 87 2.6 Conclusion 100 3 Institutionalization and constitutional divisions 102 3.1 Introduction 102 3.2 A constitutional regime without a constitution 103 3.3 Divisions on national sovereignty 108 3.4 Divisions on democratic legitimacy 116 3.5 Divisions on interstate relations 120 3.6 Conclusion 125 Part II Main perspectives on the European Union 129 4 The perspective of the economic community 131 4.1 Introduction 131 4.2 Regional economic organizations 134 4.3 Economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region 138 4.4 Economic cooperation in the Americas 145 4.5 Comparing regional economic organizations 153 4.6 Conclusion 160 5 The perspective of intergovernmental union 162 5.1 Introduction 162 5.2 Intergovernmentalism as a political system 164 5.3 The political constellation of intergovernmentalism 168 5.4 Dilemmas of the intergovernmental union 175 5.5 The post-euro crisis intergovernmental union 181 5.6 Conclusion 188 6 The perspective of parliamentary union 191 6.1 Introduction 191 6.2 The institutionalization of the EP: role and organization 194 The EP in the supranational architecture 194 The internal organization of the EP 197 6.3 Features supporting and contradicting parliamentarization 202 Supporting parliamentarization 202 Contradicting parliamentarization 206 6.4 Parliamentary union and treaty change 210 6.5 The structural conditions of parliamentary federations 216 6.6 Conclusion 220 Part III Towards the compound union perspective 223 7 Comparing democratic models 225 7.1 Introduction 225 7.2 Models of democracy: nation states 227 7.3 National competitive and consensus democracies 232 Redefining the typology 232 National competitive democracies 235 National consensus democracies 239 7.4 Models of democracy: unions of states 243 The institutional (governmental) structure 243 Interstate cleavages 248 7.5 Compound democracy for unions of states 249 7.6 Conclusion 254 8 Compound unions and the EU 257 8.1 Introduction 257 8.2 Systemic foundation of compound unions 259 8.3 Constitutional framework of compound unions 266 8.4 Institutional structure of compound unions 272 US and Swiss horizontal separation of powers 274 US and Swiss vertical separation of powers 277 Multiple separation of powers in the EU 281 8.5 The institutional dilemmas of the EU 285 Supranational vs. intergovernmental institutions 286 The European Council vs. the executive power 288 Parliamentary vs. congressional EP 290 8.6 Conclusion 293 9 A new political order in Europe 295 9.1 Introduction 295 9.2 The ambiguity of the economic community 297 9.3 Beyond intergovernmental and parliamentary unions 302 9.4 A pluralist institutional order and the compound union 306 Policy differentiation 306 Institutional differentiation 309 A political compact 311 9.5 The act of forming a political union 316 9.6 Conclusion 324 Appendix 327 Glossary 333 Bibliography 337 Index 367 In The Eu Experience, The Very Concept Of Union Was Formally Used For The First Time In The Preamble Of The 1957 Rome Treaty Establishing The European Economic Community (eec), When The Signatory States Expressed Their Determination To Lay The Foundations Of An Ever-closer Union Among The Peoples Of Europe. This Concept Was Then Strengthened In The 1992 Maastricht Treaty Or Treaty Establishing The European Union (teu), When The Signatory States Reaffirmed In The Treaty's Preamble Their Resolution To Continue The Process Of Creating An Ever Closer Union Among The Peoples Of Europe-- Preface: How Many Unions? -- Part I. Institutionalisation Of Multiple Unions: 1. From Rome To The Lisbon Treaty ; 2. The Lisbon Treaty And The Euro Crisis ; 3. Institutionalisation And Constitutional Divisions -- Part Ii. Main Perspectives On The European Union: 4. The Perspective Of The Economic Community ; 5. The Perspective Of Intergovernmental Union ; 6. The Perspective Of Parliamentary Union -- Part Iii. Towards The Compound Union Perspective: 7. Comparing Democratic Models ; 8. Compound Unions And The Eu ; 9. A New Political Order In Europe. Sergio Fabbrini. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "In the EU experience, the very concept of union was formally used for the first time in the preamble of the 1957 Rome Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), when the signatory states expressed their determination "to lay the foundations of an ever-closer union among the peoples of Europe". This concept was then strengthened in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty or Treaty establishing the European Union (TEU), when the signatory states reaffirmed in the Treaty's preamble their resolution "to continue the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe""-- Provided by publisher Machine generated contents note: Preface: how many Unions?; Part I. Institutionalisation of Multiple Unions: 1. From Rome to the Lisbon Treaty; 2. The Lisbon Treaty and the Euro Crisis; 3. Institutionalisation and constitutional divisions; Part II. Main Perspectives on the European Union: 4. The perspective of the economic community; 5. The perspective of intergovernmental union; 6. The perspective of parliamentary union; Part III. Towards the Compound Union Perspective: 7. Comparing democratic models; 8. Compound unions and the EU; 9. A new political order in Europe