Where two worlds met : the Russian state and the Kalmyk nomads, 1600- 1771

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the expanding Russian empire was embroiled in a dramatic confrontation with the nomadic people known as the Kalmyks who had moved westward from Inner Asia onto the vast Caspian and Volga steppes. Drawing on an unparalleled body of Russian and Turkish sources—including chronicles, epics, travelogues, and previously unstudied Ottoman archival materials—Michael Khodarkovsky offers a fresh interpretation of this long and destructive conflict, which ended with the unruly frontier becoming another province of the Russian empire.Khodarkovsky first sketches a cultural anthropology of the Kalmyk tribes, focusing on the assumptions they brought to the interactions with one another and with the sedentary cultures they encountered. In light of this portrait of Kalmyk culture and internal politics, Khodarkovsky rereads from the Kalmyk point of view the Russian history of disputes between the two peoples. Whenever possible, he compares Ottoman accounts of these events with the Russian sources on which earlier interpretations have been based. Khodarkovsky's analysis deepens our understanding of the history of Russian expansion and establishes a new paradigm for future study of the interaction between the Russians and the non-Russian peoples of Central Asia and Transcaucasia. | During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the expanding Russian empire was embroiled in a dramatic confrontation with the nomadic people known as the Kalmyks who had moved westward from Inner Asia onto the vast Caspian and Volga steppes. Drawing on an unparalleled body of Russian and Turkish sources—including chronicles, epics, travelogues, and previously unstudied Ottoman archival materials—Michael Khodarkovsky offers a fresh interpretation of this long and destructive conflict, which ended with the unruly frontier becoming another province of the Russian empire. Khodarkovsky first sketches a cultural anthropology of the Kalmyk tribes, focusing on the assumptions they brought to the interactions with one another and with the sedentary cultures they encountered. In light of this portrait of Kalmyk culture and internal politics, Khodarkovsky rereads from the Kalmyk point of view the Russian history of disputes between the two peoples. Whenever possible, he compares Ottoman accounts of these events with the Russian sources on which earlier interpretations have been based. Khodarkovsky's analysis deepens our understanding of the history of Russian expansion and establishes a new paradigm for future study of the interaction between the Russians and the non-Russian peoples of Central Asia and Transcaucasia. During The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries The Expanding Russian Empire Was Embroiled In A Dramatic Confrontation With The Nomadic People Known As The Kalmyks Who Had Moved Westward From Inner Asia Onto The Vast Caspian And Volga Steppes. Drawing On An Unparalleled Body Of Russian And Turkish Sources - Including Chronicles, Epics, Travelogues, And Previously Unstudied Ottoman Archival Materials - Michael Khodarkovsky Offers A Fresh Interpretation Of This Long And Destructive Conflict, Which Ended With The Unruly Frontier Becoming Another Province Of The Russian Empire. Khodarkovsky First Sketches A Cultural Anthropology Of The Kalmyk Tribes, Focusing On The Assumptions They Brought To Their Interactions With One Another And With The Sedentary Cultures They Encountered. In Light Of This Portrait Of Kalmyk Culture And Internal Politics, Khodarkovsky Re-reads From The Kalmyk Point Of View The Russian History Of Disputes Between The Two Peoples. Whenever Possible, He Compares Ottoman Accounts Of These Events With The Russian Sources On Which Earlier Interpretations Have Been Based. Khodarkovsky's Analysis Deepens Our Understanding Of The History Of Russian Expansion And Establishes A New Paradigm For Future Study Of The Interaction Between The Russians And The Non-russian Peoples Of Central Asia And Transcaucasia. Where Two Worlds Met Will Be Essential Reading For Historians Of Russia And Of Central Asia, Anthropologists, Political Scientists, Sociologists, And Others Concerned With The Legacy Of National Conflicts In The Russian And Soviet Empires. Michael Khodarkovsky. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 251-262) And Index.

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the expanding Russian empire was embroiled in a dramatic confrontation with the nomadic people known as the Kalmyks who had moved westward from Inner Asia onto the vast Caspian and Volga steppes. Drawing on an unparalleled body of Russian and Turkish sources—including chronicles, epics, travelogues, and previously unstudied Ottoman archival materials—Michael Khodarkovsky offers a fresh interpretation of this long and destructive conflict, which ended with the unruly frontier becoming another province of the Russian empire.Khodarkovsky first sketches a cultural anthropology of the Kalmyk tribes, focusing on the assumptions they brought to the interactions with one another and with the sedentary cultures they encountered. In light of this portrait of Kalmyk culture and internal politics, Khodarkovsky rereads from the Kalmyk point of view the Russian history of disputes between the two peoples. Whenever possible, he compares Ottoman accounts of these events with the Russian sources on which earlier interpretations have been based. Khodarkovsky's analysis deepens our understanding of the history of Russian expansion and establishes a new paradigm for future study of the interaction between the Russians and the non-Russian peoples of Central Asia and Transcaucasia.

Contents Maps and Illustrations Acknowledgments Abbreviations Note on Transliteration Kalmyk and Oirat Rulers Introduction 1. Kalmyk Nomadic Society 2. Mutual Perceptions 3. The Arrival of the Kalmyks 4. The Rise to Power of Ayuki Khan 5. Uneasy Alliance: Ayuki Khan and Russia, 1697-1722 6. Succession Crisis, 1722-1735 7. Russian Colonization and the Kalmyks' Decline and Exodus Conclusion Appendix. A Kalmyk-Muscovite Diplomatic Confrontation, 1650: A Translation Bibliography Glossary Index