What is Morphology? (Fundamentals of Linguistics), Second Edition

What is Morphology? is a concise and critical introduction to the central ideas of morphology, which has been revised and expanded to include additional material on morphological productivity and the mental lexicon, experimental and computational methods, and new teaching material. Introduces the fundamental aspects of morphology to students with minimal background in linguistics Includes additional material on morphological productivity and the mental lexicon, and experimental and computational methods Features new and revised exercises as well as suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter Equips students with the skills to analyze a wide breadth of classic morphological issues through engaging examples Uses cross-linguistic data throughout to illustrate concepts, specifically referencing Kujamaat Joola, a Senegalese language Includes a new answer key, available for instructors online at http://www.wiley.com/go/aronoff Cover Page......Page 1 Title: What is Morphology?......Page 4 ISBN 9781405194679......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 9 Acknowledgments......Page 15 Abbreviations......Page 16 Remarks on Transcription......Page 19 The International Phonetic Alphabet......Page 21 1.1 What is Morphology?......Page 22 1.2 Morphemes......Page 23 1.3 Morphology in Action......Page 25 1.4 Background and Beliefs......Page 31 1.5 Introduction to Morphological Analysis......Page 33 1.6 Summary......Page 43 Introduction to Kujamaat Jóola......Page 44 Further Reading......Page 47 Exercises......Page 48 2 Words and Lexemes......Page 54 2.1 What is a Word?......Page 55 2.2 Empirical Tests for Wordhood......Page 59 2.3 Types of Words......Page 61 2.4 Inflection vs. Derivation......Page 68 2.5 Two Approaches to Morphology: Item-and-Arrangement, Item-and-Process......Page 70 2.6 The Lexicon......Page 75 2.7 Summary......Page 78 Kujamaat Jóola Noun Classes......Page 79 Further Reading......Page 88 Exercises......Page 89 3 Morphology and Phonology......Page 94 3.1 Allomorphs......Page 95 3.2 Prosodic Morphology......Page 99 3.3 Primary and Secondary Affixes......Page 103 3.4 Linguistic Exaptation, Leveling, and Analogy......Page 107 3.5 Morphophonology and Secret Languages......Page 114 3.6 Summary......Page 116 Kujamaat Jóola Morphophonology......Page 117 Further Reading......Page 124 Exercises......Page 125 4.1 The Saussurean Sign......Page 130 4.2 Motivation and Compositionality......Page 131 4.3 Derivation and Structure......Page 144 4.4 Summary......Page 151 Derivation in Kujamaat Jóola......Page 152 Further Reading......Page 153 Exercises......Page 154 5 Derivation and Semantics......Page 157 5.1 The Polysemy Problem......Page 158 5.2 The Semantics of Derived Lexemes......Page 160 5.3 Summary......Page 168 Derivation and Verbs in Kujamaat Jóola......Page 169 Further Reading......Page 172 Exercises......Page 173 6 Inflection......Page 178 6.1 What is Inflection?......Page 180 6.2 Inflection vs. Derivation......Page 189 6.3 Inventory of Inflectional Morphology Types......Page 192 6.4 Syncretism......Page 198 6.5 Typology......Page 199 6.6 Summary......Page 201 Agreement in Kujamaat Jóola......Page 203 Further Reading......Page 208 Exercises......Page 210 7 Morphology and Syntax......Page 217 7.1 Morphological vs. Syntactic Inflection......Page 218 7.2 Structural Constraints on Morphological Inflection......Page 219 7.3 Inflection and Universal Grammar......Page 222 7.4 Grammatical Function Change......Page 224 7.5 Summary......Page 230 Kujamaat Jóola Verb Morphology......Page 233 A Brief Survey of Kujamaat Jóola Syntax......Page 240 Further Reading......Page 243 Exercises......Page 244 8 Morphological Productivity and the Mental Lexicon......Page 247 8.1 What is Morphological Productivity?......Page 248 8.2 Productivity and Structure: Negative Prefixes in English......Page 251 8.3 Degrees of Productivity......Page 252 8.4 Salience and Productivity......Page 257 8.5 Testing Productivity......Page 259 8.6 The Mental Lexicon, Psycholinguistics, and Neurolinguistics......Page 267 8.7 Conclusion......Page 273 Further Reading......Page 274 Exercises......Page 275 Glossary......Page 279 References......Page 294 Index......Page 301 What is Morphology? Answers to exercises......Page 312 Cover Page 1 Title: What is Morphology? 4 ISBN 9781405194679 5 Contents 6 Preface 9 Acknowledgments 15 Abbreviations 16 Remarks on Transcription 19 The International Phonetic Alphabet 21 1 Thinking about Morphology and Morphological Analysis 22 1.1 What is Morphology? 22 1.2 Morphemes 23 1.3 Morphology in Action 25 1.4 Background and Beliefs 31 1.5 Introduction to Morphological Analysis 33 1.6 Summary 43 Introduction to Kujamaat Jóola 44 Further Reading 47 Exercises 48 2 Words and Lexemes 54 2.1 What is a Word? 55 2.2 Empirical Tests for Wordhood 59 2.3 Types of Words 61 2.4 Inflection vs. Derivation 68 2.5 Two Approaches to Morphology: Item-and-Arrangement, Item-and-Process 70 2.6 The Lexicon 75 2.7 Summary 78 Kujamaat Jóola Noun Classes 79 Further Reading 88 Exercises 89 3 Morphology and Phonology 94 3.1 Allomorphs 95 3.2 Prosodic Morphology 99 3.3 Primary and Secondary Affixes 103 3.4 Linguistic Exaptation, Leveling, and Analogy 107 3.5 Morphophonology and Secret Languages 114 3.6 Summary 116 Kujamaat Jóola Morphophonology 117 Further Reading 124 Exercises 125 4 Derivation and the Lexicon 130 4.1 The Saussurean Sign 130 4.2 Motivation and Compositionality 131 4.3 Derivation and Structure 144 4.4 Summary 151 Derivation in Kujamaat Jóola 152 Further Reading 153 Exercises 154 5 Derivation and Semantics 157 5.1 The Polysemy Problem 158 5.2 The Semantics of Derived Lexemes 160 5.3 Summary 168 Derivation and Verbs in Kujamaat Jóola 169 Further Reading 172 Exercises 173 6 Inflection 178 6.1 What is Inflection? 180 6.2 Inflection vs. Derivation 189 6.3 Inventory of Inflectional Morphology Types 192 6.4 Syncretism 198 6.5 Typology 199 6.6 Summary 201 Agreement in Kujamaat Jóola 203 Further Reading 208 Exercises 210 7 Morphology and Syntax 217 7.1 Morphological vs. Syntactic Inflection 218 7.2 Structural Constraints on Morphological Inflection 219 7.3 Inflection and Universal Grammar 222 7.4 Grammatical Function Change 224 7.5 Summary 230 Kujamaat Jóola Verb Morphology 233 A Brief Survey of Kujamaat Jóola Syntax 240 Further Reading 243 Exercises 244 8 Morphological Productivity and the Mental Lexicon 247 8.1 What is Morphological Productivity? 248 8.2 Productivity and Structure: Negative Prefixes in English 251 8.3 Degrees of Productivity 252 8.4 Salience and Productivity 257 8.5 Testing Productivity 259 8.6 The Mental Lexicon, Psycholinguistics, and Neurolinguistics 267 8.7 Conclusion 273 Further Reading 274 Exercises 275 Glossary 279 References 294 Index 301 What is Morphology? Answers to exercises 312 ISBN,9781405194679