West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Pathogenesis and the Host Immune Response (Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century)

In __West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection,__ leading scientists and researchers discuss the West Nile virus, a neurotropic flavivirus that has emerged globally as a primary cause of viral encephalitis. Its appearance in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, and the corresponding increase in global disease burden over the last decade has been accompanied by intensive study, including the entry of many scientists into the field. Breakthroughs have been made in understanding the unique transmission pattern between the vector and the multiple avian and mammalian hosts and targets. While the topics in this book are focused on the West Nile virus, they are broad in scope ranging from understanding vector transmission patterns to the dynamics of structural transitions of proteins on the surface of the virion. The editor and contributors of __West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection__ offer their expertise in this up-to-date and cutting-edge anthology, which will be of broad use to readers from a variety of backgrounds including clinical infectious disease, epidemiology, virology, immunology, and vector biology. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Global Epidemiology of West Nile Virus....Pages 1-23 West Nile Virus: Molecular Epidemiology and Diversity....Pages 25-43 Vector Biology and West Nile Virus....Pages 45-67 Clinical Manifestations of Neurological Disease....Pages 69-95 Molecular Biology of West Nile Virus....Pages 97-136 Virulence of West Nile Virus in Different Animal Hosts....Pages 137-153 Innate immune Response and Mechanisms of Interferon Antagonism Against West Nile Virus....Pages 155-168 Innate Immune Responses to West Nile Virus Infection....Pages 169-187 Mechanisms of Complement Regulation of Infection by Flaviviruses....Pages 189-217 Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of West Nile Virus: Factors that Govern Neutralization Potency....Pages 219-247 Structural Basis of Antibody Protection Against West Nile Virus....Pages 249-264 Molecular Mechanisms of Flaviviral Membrane Fusion....Pages 265-286 CD4 + and CD8 + T-Cell Immune Responses in West Nile Virus Infection....Pages 287-307 Enhanced Antigen Processing or Immune Evasion? West Nile Virus and the Induction of Immune Recognition Molecules....Pages 309-339 Chemokines and Clearance of West Nile Virus Infection....Pages 341-359 Persistence of West Nile Virus Infection in Vertebrates....Pages 361-377 West Nile Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System....Pages 379-399 The Human Antibody Response Against WNV....Pages 401-416 Antibody Protection and Therapy for West Nile Virus Infections....Pages 417-425 Vaccine Development Against West Nile Virus....Pages 427-451 Novel Therapeutics Against West Nile Virus....Pages 453-474 Back Matter....Pages 475-485 West Nile virus is a neurotropic flavivirus that has emerged globally as a primary cause of viral encephalitis. Infection of humans and other vertebrate animals is associated with a febrile illness that can progress to a lethal encephalitis or flaccid paralysis syndrome. Its appearance in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and the corresponding increase in global disease burden over the last decade have been accompanied by intensive study, including the entry of many scientists into the field. Breakthroughs have been made in understanding the unique transmission pattern between the vector and the multiple avian and mammalian hosts and targets. Studies in mammalian systems have dissected the viral and host factors that determine the pathogenesis and outcome of West Nile virus infection. On the basis of these experiments, progress has been made on the identification of genetic factors that predispose to severe human disease. Thus, in a remarkably short period of time, insight has been gained on a wide variety of disciplines related to West Nile virus biology. The aim of this book was to assemble an up-to-date and cutti- edge anthology from the leading experts in the field. The chapters are balanced by submissions from newcomers who have made significant recent contributions with those from established investigators who have dedicated their careers to the study of West Nile virus. In West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Pathogenesis and the Host Immune Response, leading scientists and researchers discuss the West Nile virus, a neurotropic flavivirus that has emerged globally as a primary cause of viral encephalitis. Its appearance in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, and the corresponding increase in global disease burden over the last decade has been accompanied by intensive study, including the entry of many scientists into the field. Breakthroughs have been made in understanding the unique transmission pattern between the vector and the multiple avian and mammalian hosts and targets. While the topics in this book are focused on the West Nile virus, they are broad in scope ranging from understanding vector transmission patterns to the dynamics of structural transitions of proteins on the surface of the virion. The editor and contributors of West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Pathogenesis and the Host Immune Response offer their expertise in this up-to-date and cutting-edge anthology, which will be of broad use to readers from a variety of backgrounds including clinical infectious disease, epidemiology, virology, immunology, and vector biology

In West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection, leading scientists and researchers discuss the West Nile virus, a neurotropic flavivirus that has emerged globally as a primary cause of viral encephalitis. Its appearance in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, and the corresponding increase in global disease burden over the last decade has been accompanied by intensive study, including the entry of many scientists into the field. Breakthroughs have been made in understanding the unique transmission pattern between the vector and the multiple avian and mammalian hosts and targets. While the topics in this book are focused on the West Nile virus, they are broad in scope ranging from understanding vector transmission patterns to the dynamics of structural transitions of proteins on the surface of the virion. The editor and contributors of West Nile Encephalitis Virus Infection offer their expertise in this up-to-date and cutting-edge anthology, which will be of broad use to readers from a variety of backgrounds including clinical infectious disease, epidemiology, virology, immunology, and vector biology.