Weapons of the Wealthy : Predatory Regimes and Elite-Led Protests in Central Asia

Mass Mobilization Is Among The Most Dramatic And Inspiring Forces For Political Change. When Ordinary Citizens Take To The Streets In Large Numbers, They Can Undermine And Even Topple Undemocratic Governments, As The Recent Wave Of Peaceful Uprisings In Several Postcommunist States Has Shown. However, Investigation Into How Protests Are Organized Can Sometimes Reveal That The Origins And Purpose Of People Power Are Not As They Appear On The Surface. In Particular, Protest Can Be Used As An Instrument Of Elite Actors To Advance Their Own Interests Rather Than Those Of The Masses. Weapons Of The Wealthy Focuses On The Region Of Post-soviet Central Asia To Investigate The Causes Of Elite-led Protest. In Nondemocratic States, Economic And Political Opportunities Can Give Rise To Elites Who Are Independent Of The Regime, Yet Vulnerable To Expropriation And Harassment From Above. In Conditions Of Political Uncertainty, Elites Have An Incentive To Cultivate Support In Local Communities, Which Elites Can Then Wield As A Weapon Against A Predatory Regime. Scott Radnitz Builds On His In-depth Fieldwork And Analysis Of The Spatial Distribution Of Protests To Demonstrate How Kyrgyzstan's Postindependence Development Laid The Groundwork For Elite-led Mobilization, Whereas Uzbekistan's Did Not. Elites Often Have The Wherewithal And The Motivation To Trigger Protests, As Is Borne Out By Radnitz's More Than One Hundred Interviews With Those Who Participated In, Observed, Or Avoided Protests. Even Kyrgyzstan's 2005 Tulip Revolution, Which Brought About The First Peaceful Change Of Power In Central Asia Since Independence, Should Be Understood As A Strategic Action Of Elites Rather Than As An Expression Of The Popular Will. This Interpretation Helps Account For The Undemocratic Nature Of The Successor Government And The 2010 Uprising That Toppled It. It Also Serves As A Warning For Scholars To Look Critically At Bottom-up Political Change. --book Jacket. Introduction : Puzzles Of People Power -- Institutional Uncertainty And Elite-led Mobilization -- The View From Below : Communities As Sites For Collective Action -- The View From Above : State Influences On Elite Opportunities -- Linkages Across Classes : The Development Of Subversive Clientelism -- Mobilization In Rural Kyrgyzstan -- Elite Networks And The Tulip Revolution -- Assessing The Dynamics Of Mobilization In Diverse Contexts -- Conclusion : Political Economies, Hybrid Regimes, And Challenges To Democratization. Scott Radnitz. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents 6 List of Figures and Tables 8 Acknowledgments 10 Note on Transliteration 14 Introduction: Puzzles of People Power 18 1. Institutional Uncertainty and Elite-Led Mobilization 32 2. The View from Below: Communities as Sites for Collective Action 56 3. The View from Above: State Influences on Elite Opportunities 70 4. Linkages across Classes: The Development of Subversive Clientelism 94 5. Mobilization in Rural Kyrgyzstan 120 6. Elite Networks and the Tulip Revolution 148 7. Assessing the Dynamics of Mobilization in Diverse Contexts 184 Conclusion: Political Economies, Hybrid Regimes, and Challenges to Democratization 212 Methodological Appendix 234 Index 242 Focusing on the region of post-Soviet Central Asia, Radnitz investigates the causes of elite-led protest in nondemocratic states, where economic and political opportunities create elites who are independent of the regime, yet vulnerable to harassment.