تصفیه آب در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و در حال توسعه: یک دیدگاه بین‌المللی

UN studies show that high-income, developed nations treat about 70 percent of their wastewater. However, in low-income developing nations, only 8 percent of wastewater undergoes any kind of treatment. Inadequate water treatment has serious consequences for both human health and the environment. The articles in this compendium provide a representative cross sample of both developing and developed nations' water treatment facilities. Included are the following topics:Reclaimed water for irrigation reuse in developing countriesSludge-handling practices in MicronesiaThe removal of phthalate esters. Read more... Abstract: UN studies show that high-income, developed nations treat about 70 percent of their wastewater. However, in low-income developing nations, only 8 percent of wastewater undergoes any kind of treatment. Inadequate water treatment has serious consequences for both human health and the environment. The articles in this compendium provide a representative cross sample of both developing and developed nations' water treatment facilities. Included are the following topics:Reclaimed water for irrigation reuse in developing countriesSludge-handling practices in MicronesiaThe removal of phthalate esters Cover 1 About the Editor 6 Contents 8 Acknowledgment and How to Cite 10 List of Contributors 12 Introduction 18 Part I: Developing Countries 28 Chapter 1: Comparative Study of Three Two-Stage Hybrid Ecological Wastewater Treatment Systems for Producing High Nutrient, Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Reuse in Developing Countries 30 Chapter 2: Sustainability of Wastewater Treatment and Excess Sludge Handling Practices in the Federated States of Micronesia 52 Chapter 3: Occurrence and Removal Characteristics of Phthalate Esters from Typical Water Sources in Northeast China 70 Chapter 4: Assessment of Domestic Wastewater Disposal in Some Selected Wards of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria 90 Chapter 5: Detection of Free-Living Amoebae Using Amoebal Enrichment in a Wastewater Treatment Plant of Gauteng Province, South Africa 116 Chapter 6: Water and Wastewater Management and Biomass to Energy Conversion in a Meat Processing Plant in Brazil: A Case Study 140 Part II: Developed Nations 180 Chapter 7: Intra- and Inter-Pandemic Variations of Antiviral, Antibiotics and Decongestants in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Receiving Rivers 182 Chapter 8: Wastewater Recycling in Greece: The Case of Thessaloniki 214 Chapter 9: Do Contaminants Originating from State-of-the-Art Treated Wastewater Impact the Ecological Quality of Surface Waters? 236 Chapter 10: Performance of a Constructed Wetland in Grand Marais, Manitoba, Canada: Removal of Nutrients, Pharmaceuticals, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Municipal Wastewater 262 Chapter 11: Irrigation with Treated Wastewater: Quantification of Changes in Soil Physical and Chemical Properties 298 Chapter 12: Spatial Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Groundwater beneath Two Large On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems 324 Chapter 13: Detection of Retinoic Acid Receptor Agonistic Activity and Identification of Causative Compounds in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Japan 350 Author Notes 372 Content: Cover About the Editor Contents Acknowledgment and How to Cite List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Developing Countries Chapter 1: Comparative Study of Three Two-Stage Hybrid Ecological Wastewater Treatment Systems for Producing High Nutrient, Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Reuse in Developing Countries Chapter 2: Sustainability of Wastewater Treatment and Excess Sludge Handling Practices in the Federated States of Micronesia Chapter 3: Occurrence and Removal Characteristics of Phthalate Esters from Typical Water Sources in Northeast China Chapter 4: Assessment of Domestic Wastewater Disposal in Some Selected Wards of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, NigeriaChapter 5: Detection of Free-Living Amoebae Using Amoebal Enrichment in a Wastewater Treatment Plant of Gauteng Province, South Africa Chapter 6: Water and Wastewater Management and Biomass to Energy Conversion in a Meat Processing Plant in Brazil: A Case Study Part II: Developed Nations Chapter 7: Intra- and Inter-Pandemic Variations of Antiviral, Antibiotics and Decongestants in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Receiving Rivers Chapter 8: Wastewater Recycling in Greece: The Case of ThessalonikiChapter 9: Do Contaminants Originating from State-of-the-Art Treated Wastewater Impact the Ecological Quality of Surface Waters? Chapter 10: Performance of a Constructed Wetland in Grand Marais, Manitoba, Canada: Removal of Nutrients, Pharmaceuticals, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Municipal Wastewater Chapter 11: Irrigation with Treated Wastewater: Quantification of Changes in Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Chapter 12: Spatial Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Groundwater beneath Two Large On-Site Wastewater Treatment SystemsChapter 13: Detection of Retinoic Acid Receptor Agonistic Activity and Identification of Causative Compounds in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Japan Author Notes