منابع آب: اصول و شیوه‌های عملیات تأمین آب جلد ۱

This college text introduces water sources for drinking water supply. Coverage includes the hydrologic cycle, development of water supply sources, raw water quality and characteristics, groundwater, surface water, conservation, and protection of drinking water sources. Part one of a five-volume series on drinking-water supply operations. Water Sources 2 Contents 6 Foreword 8 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 12 Water Supply Hydrology 14 The Hydrologic Cycle 14 GROUNDWATER 17 SURFACE WATER 22 VOLUME AND FLOW 27 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 29 Groundwater Sources 34 WATER WELL TERMINOLOGY 34 WELL LOCATION 41 TYPES OF WELLS 48 WELL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES 57 AQUIFER PERFORMANCE 67 WELL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 68 WELL ABANDONMENT 69 SPRINGS AND INFILTRATION GALLERIES 69 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 71 Surface Water Sources 74 SURFACE RUNOFF 74 SURFACE SOURCE CONSIDERATIONS 78 WATER STORAGE 80 INTAKE STRUCTURES 85 SURFACE-SUPPLY OPERATING PROBLEMS 89 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 92 Emergency and Alternative Water Sources 94 CAUSES OF SOURCE DISRUPTION 94 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES 100 INTERSYSTEM CONNECTION 101 EMERGENCY PROVISION OF WATER 101 WATER REUSE 103 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 107 Use and Conservation of Water 110 WATER USE 110 WATER CONSERVATION 115 WATER RIGHTS 121 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 125 Water Quality 128 WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS 128 FACTORS INFLUENCING SOURCE WATER QUALITY 141 PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF WATER QUALITY 148 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY REGULATIONS 154 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 157 Water Source Protection 158 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 158 SURFACE WATER PROTECTION 158 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION 171 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 182 Glossary 184 Index 200