Water Resource Management in Central Asia and Afghanistan: Current and Future Environmental and Water Issues (Springer Water)

The book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book highlights the development of river systems, water reservoirs, ecosystems and risks as well as the impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asian countries and Afghanistan. It provides information on the genesis of river basins, physical and chemical properties of water in rivers, and the hydrological regimes of the rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book is useful for scientists and researchers whose work focuses on rivers and the use of water resources, irrigation, ecosystems, risks, water supply, climate change and remote sensing, as well as for students and planners, administrations and other stakeholders in the water sector. Contents Part I Assessment of Available Water Resources at Regional and Basin Scales 1 Integrated of Water Resources and Environmental Management in the Transboundary Rivers Basins of Central Asia 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Water and Food Security in Central Asia Region 1.2.1 Water Security 1.2.2 Food Security 1.3 Natural Emergencies and Safety 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Experience of Preparation of River Basin Planning and Management on Water Resource Development, Use, and Protection in Main and Minor Transboundary River Basins 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Analysis 2.3 Conclusion Reference 3 Hydrologic Model for Runoff Simulation of the Kyzyl-Suu River 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Study Area 3.2 Methodology and Data 3.3 Discussion 3.4 Conclusion References Part II Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water Resources 4 Assessment of Amu Darya Runoff Changes as a Result of Predicted Climate Change and Reduced Glaciation 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 A Subsection Sample 4.2 Simulation of Artificial Runoff Sequences, Air Temperature, and Precipitation in the Runoff Formation Zone of the Amu Darya River 4.2.1 Simulation for Water Management Calculations in the River Basin 4.2.2 Stations Used in Runoff Simulation 4.3 Bayesian Estimates of Runoff Characteristics 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Climate Change Forecast in Kyrgyzstan for 2050 and 2100 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Global and Regional Climate Change 5.2.1 Global Climate Change 5.2.2 Regional Climate Change 5.3 Forecast of Air Temperature by Climate Scenarios for the Period of 2050 and 2100 5.4 Temperature Forecast for 2050 and 2100 According to the Retrospective Analysis of Observation Data References 6 Reactions and Dynamics of Drains on Small Transboundary Rivers with Various Feeding Types and the Effect on Climate Change 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Analysis of Water, Hydrological Justification, and Forecast of River Rivers for the Period 2050 and 2100 6.3 Conclusion References 7 The Glacial Systems of Kyrgyzstan Under Climate Change 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Peculiarities of the Existence and Development of Glaciation in the Mountains of Kyrgyzstan 7.3 Glacier Dynamics Under Conditions of Directed Climate Warming 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Assessment of Anthropogenic Load on the Talas River Watershed, Kazakhstan 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Relevance and Object of Research 8.1.2 Features of Water and Nature Management 8.2 Research Methods 8.2.1 Assessment of Anthropogenic Load 8.3 Conclusion References Part III Risk Analysis for Water Resources Systems, and Related Issues 9 Water Resource Risks to Cotton Agriculture in Uzbekistan: Climate, Policy and Irrigation 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Climate Change and the Long-Term Issue of Water Availability 9.2 Agriculture and Irrigation in Uzbekistan 9.2.1 Future Warming and Its Potential Consequences 9.3 Discussion 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Groundwater Flooding Risk Assessment Using Microseismic Arrays and VES Techniques in the Northern Part of Bishkek 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Fieldwork Data 10.2.1 Study Area 10.2.2 Fieldwork Data 10.3 Methodology 10.3.1 Methods 10.3.2 Vertical Electrical Sounding 10.3.3 Microseismic Surveys 10.4 Analysis and Interpretation 10.4.1 Methodology of Interpretation of VES Curves 10.4.2 Methodology of Interpretation of Seismic Array Measurements 10.5 Results and Discussions 10.5.1 Methodology of Interpretation of VES Curves 10.6 Results and Discussions 10.7 Conclusions References Part IV Ecological Baseflow/Environmental Flow to Keep the Health of Rivers and Lakes 11 Environmental and Water Resources Management Study of Ghorband-Panjshir and Kunduz Rivers Basins, Afghanistan 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Area of Investigation 11.2.1 Topography and Climatic Condition 11.3 Methodology 11.4 Results and Discussions 11.4.1 Climate Change Impacts 11.4.2 Socioeconomic Status 11.4.3 Water Quality 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Physical–Chemical Properties of the Kyzyl-Suu River and Its Tributaries, Kyrgyzstan 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Research Methodology and a Brief Description of the Determined Parameters 12.2 Results 12.3 Conclusion References 13 Water Reuse for Irrigation in Rural Areas in Japan Experience from Japan to Central Asia 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Treated Municipal Wastewater Reuse 13.3 Reuse of Treated Rural Sewage Effluent in Rural Areas 13.4 Reuse Test for Greenhouse Cultivation 13.5 Treated Rural Sewage Effluent Reuse Arbitrability for Crop Cultivation 13.6 Summary References 14 Designing Sustainable Futures: Interdisciplinary Science and Social Creativity 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Systems, Sustainability, and Society 14.3 Knowledge, Creativity, and Innovation for Society 14.4 Engaging Society in Games, Exhibitions, and Dialogues 14.5 Conclusion References Part V Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Water Resources Management 15 Investigation of the High Mountain Vegetation Using Satellite Imagery, Kyrgyzstan 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Research Questions and Objectives 15.2 Study Area 15.2.1 Study Area 15.2.2 Climate 15.3 Data and Methods 15.3.1 GIS Software 15.3.2 Correlation 15.3.3 Landsat’s Land Cover Classification Method 15.3.4 Methods 15.3.5 NDVI Calculations 15.3.6 Land Cover Classification 15.3.7 Temporal Characteristics 15.3.8 Meteorological Data 15.3.9 Statistical Analysis 15.4 Results and Discussion 15.4.1 Temporal Distribution of NDVI and Climatic Parameters 15.4.2 Pearson Correlation Coefficient Analysis 15.5 Conclusion References 16 Investigation of the Various Aspects of the Kafirnigan River Basin, Tajikistan 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Study Area 16.3 Methodology 16.4 Results and Discussion 16.5 Conclusion References 17 New Approaches and Advanced Methodology in Integrated Water Resources Management: Amu Darya River Basin 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 A Subsection Sample 17.1.2 Satellite Data 17.1.3 Case Studies 17.2 Study Area 17.2.1 Topography and Climatic Condition 17.3 Methods and Materials 17.3.1 NDVI Trend Analysis (2000–2015) 17.4 Results and Discussions 17.5 Conclusions References