کیفیت آب WSO: اصول و شیوه‌های عملیات تأمین آب، جلد چهارم

This college text teaches the basics of water quality. Chapters cover US drinking water regulations, lab analysis, and equipment, water sampling, properties of water, microbes, organic and inorganic contaminants, and customer complaint investigation. Part four of a five-volume series on drinking-water supply operations. Water Quality 2 Contents 6 Foreword 8 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 12 Public Water Supply Regulations 14 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 14 CURRENT AND FUTURE RULES AFFECTING DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS 36 DRINKING WATER PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS 46 SPECIAL REGULATION REQUIREMENTS 47 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 52 Water Quality Monitoring 54 SAMPLING 54 MONITORING FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS 71 LABORATORY CERTIFICATION 72 RECORD KEEPING AND SAMPLE LABELING 74 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION 75 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 78 Water Laboratory Equipment and Instruments 80 LABWARE 80 MAJOR LABORATORY EQUIPMENT 91 SAFETY EQUIPMENT 98 SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 103 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS 107 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 119 Microbiological Contaminants 120 HISTORY 120 INDICATOR ORGANISMS 124 HETEROTROPHIC PLATE COUNT (HPC) PROCEDURE 131 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 133 Physical and Aggregate Properties of Water 136 ACIDITY 136 ALKALINITY 137 CALCIUM CARBONATE STABILITY 138 COAGULANT EFFECTIVENESS 140 COLOR 145 CONDUCTIVITY 146 HARDNESS 147 TASTE AND ODOR 148 TEMPERATURE 152 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 153 TURBIDITY 153 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 156 Inorganic Chemicals 158 CARBON DIOXIDE 158 CHLROINE RESIDUAL AND DEMAND 159 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS 161 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 163 INORGANIC METALS 164 FLUORIDE 166 IRON 167 MANGANESE 168 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 170 Organic Contaminants 172 NATURAL ORGANIC SUBSTANCES 172 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC SUBSTANCES 175 HEALTH EFFECTS OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 175 MEASUREMENT OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 176 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 180 Radiological Contaminants 182 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS 182 RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS IN WATER 184 ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVITY 186 RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS 186 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 188 Customer Inquiries and Complaint Investigation 190 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 190 SPECIFIC COMPLAINTS 192 SELECTED SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 198 Glossary 200 Index 220 A clear understanding of water quality is the basis for all water treatment processes. Water operations need to recognize, monitor, and test for a wide variety of water quality elements and contaminants. They also must comprehend the regulations regarding safe water. This book is the premier reference on water quality for water treatment operators everywhere. Completely revised and updated, Water quality, fourth edition covers: Public water supply regulations, including potential future rules ; Water quality monitoring and sampling, laboratory certification, record keeping, and sample preservation, storage and transportation ;Laboratory equipment and instruments ; Microbiological comtaminants ; Physical and aggregate properties of water ; Inorganic chemicals, particularly chlorine residuals and disinfection by-products ; Organic and radiological contaminants, including health effects ; Customer inquiries and complaint investigation.--Cover page [4] Teaches the basics of water quality. Chapters cover US drinking water regulations, lab analysis, and equipment, water sampling, properties of water, microbes, organic and inorganic contaminants, and customer complaint investigation. This is part four of a five-volume series on drinking-water supply operations.