Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)

Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide. Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 Preface 12 Editors 14 Contributors 16 SECTION I: Social Perspective 22 Chapter 1: Water Security and the Rise of Sectarian Conflict in Yemen 24 Chapter 2: Water Diplomacy: Solving the Equations of Conflict, Economic Growth, Social Well-Being and Ecosystem Demand 32 Chapter 3: Achieving Effective Water Management and Access within Africa’s Socio-Political and Cultural Complexities: Issues and Policy Directions/Options 42 SECTION II: Freshwater by Desalination 56 Chapter 4: The Capability of Forward Osmosis in Irrigation Water Supply 58 Chapter 5: Recent Advancements in the Application of Microbial Desalination Cells for Water Desalination, Wastewater Treatment, and Energy Production 78 Chapter 6: Effect of the Draw Solution on the Efficiency of Two-Stage FO-RO/BWRO for Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination 94 Chapter 7: Freshwater Production Using Multiple-Effect Evaporator 110 Chapter 8: Freshwater Production by the Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process 124 SECTION III: Wastewater treatment: Membrane and Polymer Based Process 156 Chapter 9: Modeling of Pore-Blocking Behaviors of Low-Pressure Membranes during Constant-Pressure Filtration of an Agro-Industrial Wastewater 158 Chapter 10: Sodalite- and Chitosan-Based Composite Membrane Materials for Treatment of Metal-Containing Wastewater in Mining Operations 190 Chapter 11: The Removal of Phenol and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater Using Reverse Osmosis: Process Modelling, Simulation, and Optimisation 212 SECTION IV: Wastewater treatment: oxidation and electrochemical Process 250 Chapter 12: Industrial Three-Phase Oxidation Reactor for Wastewater Treatment 252 Chapter 13: Electrolytic Treatment of Wastewater for Reuse Purposes: Case Study of the New Damietta Harbor Plants 284 Chapter 14: Inactivation of Waterborne Pathogens in Municipal Wastewater Using Ozone 296 Chapter 15: Photocatalytic Oxidation of Non-Acid Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: Application in GTL Process Water Treatment 308 SECTION V: Wastewater treatment: Adsorption Process 324 Chapter 16: Biosorption of Methylene Blue Dye Using Anise Tea Residue 326 Chapter 17: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as an Evaluation Tool for Improving Industrial Wastewater Quality by Different Adsorption Methods 342 Chapter 18: Low-Cost Adsorbent for Ammonia Nitrogen Removal: A Review 364 SECTION VI: Wastewater treatment: Biological Processes 388 Chapter 19: Application of Natural Zeolite in Textile Wastewater Treatment: Integrated Photodegradation and Anaerobic Digestion System 390 Chapter 20: Mathematical Process Modeling and Biokinetics of Activated Sludge Processes 402 Chapter 21: Hythane (H2 and CH4) Production from Petrochemical Wastewater via Anaerobic Digestion Process 424 Chapter 22: Anaerobic Degradation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater 436 SECTION VII: Water networks 446 Chapter 23: Regeneration-Recycling of Industrial Wastewater to Minimise Freshwater Usage with Water Cascade Analysis 448 Chapter 24: Total Site Water Integration Considering Multiple Water Reuse Headers 464 Chapter 25: Exploring Water Reuse Opportunities in a Large-Scale Milk Processing Plant through Process Integration 478 SECTION VIII: Water Management 494 Chapter 26: A Case of Wastewater Management Modeling in the Southern Singapore Sea: Application for Coral Reef Protection 496 Chapter 27: Catchments as Asset Systems: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Integrated Water Resources Management 502 Chapter 28: Water Efficiency Lapses and Sustainable Solutions: Educational Buildings in Johannesburg, South Africa 514 SECTION IX: Water-energy nexus 532 Chapter 29: Simultaneous Optimization of Water and Energy in Integrated Water and Membrane Networks: A Case for Water Energy Nexus 534 Chapter 30: Interaction of Energy Consumption, Energy Quality, and Freshwater Production in the Multiple Effect Desalination Process 558 Index 586 This covers developments in energy efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, social and political aspects of water management and reuse of treated water. It disucsses development of freshwater by desalination, membrane and polymer-based processes, oxidation and electrochemical, adsorption processes, and biological processes.