Water management : a view from multidisciplinary perspectives : 8th International Conference on Water and Flood Management

This book brings together a selection of best papers from The International Conference on Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh, 2021. The book chapters are based on contributions from multidisciplinary fields, such as nature-based solutions, hydro-meteorological forecasting, river restoration, coastal risk, episodic natural hazards, water risk and resilience, climate-resilient infrastructure, blue economy, and water management during the COVID-19 pandemic. With changing physical and socioeconomic risks due to changes in climate and anthropogenic interventions, integrated approaches to analyzing these processes and their interactions, along with integrating nature-based solutions, are gaining traction. With this special focus on science, policy, and practice to ensure sustainability in the water sector, the conference provided a platform for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to exchange their knowledge and experience. Preface Contents Floods and Drainage Causes and Management of Damaging Flood Incidences in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas of Kathmandu Valley: A Case Study of Flood Event in Bhaktapur District, Nepal 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Reconstruction and Mapping of the Studied Flood Event 2.3 Reconstruction of Historical Events 2.4 Meteorological Data Analysis 2.5 Map Analysis 2.6 Focus Group Discussion 2.7 Key Informants’ Interviews (KII) 2.8 Physical Observation of the Study Area 3 Results 3.1 Historical Flood Events in Hanumante River 3.2 Analysis of Climatic Causes of the Flood 3.3 Analysis of LULCC 3.4 Management of Flood 4 Discussion 4.1 Sustainable Solutions to Mitigate Urban Flooding 5 Conclusion References Urban Drainage Study for Gopalganj Pourashava Considering Future Climate Change Impacts 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Study Area and Existing Drainage System 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection and Watershed Delineation 2.2 Hydrologic Analysis 2.3 Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Boundary Flows 2.4 Rainfall Analysis 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Canal Capacity Assessment under Different Simulation Scenarios 3.2 Alternative Design Options 3.3 Limitations of the Study 4 Conclusion References Flood Propagation Processes in the Jamuna River Floodplain in Sirajganj 1 Introduction 2 Floods in Bangladesh 3 Study Area 3.1 Description of the Area 3.2 Flood Occurring in the Ranigram Area 4 Methodology 4.1 Methodological Framework 4.2 Data Collection 4.3 Statistical Relation 4.4 Nash–Sutcliffe Model Efficiency Coefficient 4.5 Mean Absolute Error 4.6 Root Mean Square Error 4.7 High-Resolution DEM 4.8 HEC-RAS 2D Model 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Frequency Analysis of the Jamuna River Water Level at Sirajganj 5.2 Statistical Analysis of the Jamuna River Water Level with the Flood Level in Floodplain 5.3 HEC-RAS 2D Model Results 5.4 Maps of Different Flood Parameters 5.5 Flood Maps of Ranigram for Different Return Periods 6 Conclusion References Co-creation of Flood Mitigation Technologies in Bangladesh to Strengthen Community Resilience 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Stakeholder Engagement 3.2 Assessment of Resilience and Sustainability 3.3 Sustainability Dimensions and Indicators 3.4 Data Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Evaluation of Alternative Technologies 4.2 Comparative Sustainability Analysis 4.3 Expert Opinion 4.4 Policy Recommendations 5 Conclusion References Urban Waterlogging Risk Profiling: The Case of Khatunganj Wholesale Commodity Market, Chattogram 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 3.1 Preparation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 3.2 Preparation of Digital Surface Model (DSM) 3.3 Watershed Analysis 3.4 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling 3.5 Inundation Maps 3.6 Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 4 Results 4.1 Catchment Delineation 4.2 Inundation Scenario with Actual and Design Rainfall 4.3 Discharge and Water Level 4.4 Validation of SWMM Model 4.5 Inundation Maps 4.6 Vulnerability and Risk Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Hydrometeorological Hazards and Risk A Remote Sensing-Based Approach for Analysis of Dry and Wet Periods of Bangladesh Based on Standardized Precipitation Index During 1981–2020 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Datasets 2.3 The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) 3 Results 3.1 Spatial Distribution of the Frequency of Long-Term Dry/Wet Events in Bangladesh 3.2 Spatial Distribution of the Frequency of Short-Term Dry/Wet Events in Bangladesh 3.3 Spatial Distribution of the Total Number of Dry/Wet Events in Bangladesh Since 1981 3.4 Evaluation of SPI-3 and SPI-12 in 40 years 4 Conclusions References Indigenous Knowledge and Practices of the Small Ethnic Communities of Asia–Pacific Island Countries in Facing Hydro-Meteorological Hazards 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Asia–Pacific Islands 4 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 5 Bangladesh Coastal Islands and the Haors 6 Conclusions References Driving Factors of Destination Choices Due to Riverbank Erosion Along the Brahmaputra River 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion Appendix References Bivariate Drought Risk Estimation Using a Multivariate Standardized Drought Index in Marathwada Region, India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Study Area and Dataset 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Selection of Best Copula for MSDI Construction 3.2 Performance Assessment of MSDI 3.3 Marginal Distribution Selection for Drought Characteristics 3.4 Analysis of the Joint Distribution of Drought Variables by Applying Copulas 3.5 Bivariate Frequency Analysis of Droughts 4 Conclusions References High-Quality Historical Flood Data Reconstruction in Bangladesh Using Hidden Markov Models 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Disaster Index Insurance 1.3 Satellite Flood Estimation 1.4 Data Fusion 2 Data 2.1 Sentinel-1 2.2 Passive Microwave SSM/I 2.3 Tradeoffs Between Sentinel-1 and Passive Microwave 2.4 Validation Data 3 Methodology 3.1 Model Overview 3.2 Data Fusion Method 4 Results 4.1 Model Identification 4.2 Predictive Accuracy 4.3 External Validity 5 Policy Application 6 Conclusion Appendix Bayesian Model Priors References Rivers, Coasts and Estuaries Impact of Coriolis Force on the Flow Field and Sedimentation in Ideally Shaped Tidal Basins 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and discussion 4.1 Testing the Coriolis Effect in the Study Area 5 Results from Numerical Experiments 6 Conclusions References The Impact of Small Tributaries Flood in the Braided Plain of Large River 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 The Flood Characteristics 3.2 Flood Depth 3.3 Flood Duration 3.4 Flood Velocity 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Water Infrastructure and Development Hybrid Coast Protection Approach in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Effectiveness of Small-Scale Forest in Reducing Surge Induced Inundation and Supporting Local Livelihoods 1 Introduction 2 Study area 3 Methodology 3.1 Model Description 3.2 Basic Model Setup 3.3 Modification of the model 3.4 Assessing Benefits of Livelihood Groups 4 Results and discussions 4.1 Effectiveness of Plantation on Reducing Surge Induced Flooding 4.2 Scenario One: Role of Existing Afforestation 4.3 Scenario Two: Without Afforestation on the Foreshore 4.4 Scenario Three: Conventional Coast Protection Approach (Actual Afforestation with Polder Height 7 m) 4.5 Scenario Four: Hybrid Intervention (Increased Afforestation Area with Existing Polder Height) 4.6 Comparison of Scenarios 4.7 Social Benefits of Mangrove Afforestation 5 Conclusions Appendix Model Domain Validation of Model for Cyclone Sidr Sample Area for Manning’s Roughness Calculation Polder Height Measurement References Assessing the Consequences of Large-Scale Stabilization of the Padma River on Its Flow Hydraulics Using a Combined 1D-2D Hydrodynamic Model 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Methodology 2.1 Development of 1D-2D-Coupled HEC-RAS Model 2.2 Boundary Conditions 2.3 Model Simulations 3 Results 3.1 Calibration and Validation Results 3.2 Comparison of Flooding at 2D Floodplain 3.3 Stabilization Impact Analysis 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Water and Livelihood Security A Sustainability Index for Assessing Village Tank Cascade Systems (VTCs) in Sri Lanka 1 Introduction 2 Methodology—Development of a Sustainability Index to Assess VTCs 2.1 Identification of Variables/Parameters of Sustainability of VTCs 2.2 Development of the Sustainability Index 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References An Agent Based Model of Mangrove Social-Ecological System for Livelihood Security Assessment 1 Introduction 1.1 Mangrove Social-Ecological System and Ecosystem Services 1.2 Livelihood Security and Dependency 1.3 SES Tipping Points 1.4 Agent Based Modeling for SES Analysis 2 Study Area and Methods 2.1 Study Area Description 2.2 Agent Based Model for Mangrove SES 3 Results 3.1 Cases and Scenarios 3.2 Agent Behavior in Different Conditions 3.3 Ecological and Livelihood Tipping Points 4 Discussion 4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 4.2 Livelihood and Ecosystem Sustainability 4.3 SES Equilibrium and Tipping Points 4.4 Role of Institutional Agents: Sensitivity of Policy Change 5 Conclusion References Drought Management by Integrated Approaches in T. Aman Rice Season to Escalate Rice Productivity in Drought Prone Regions of Bangladesh 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Supplemental Irrigation 2.3 Short Duration T. Aman Rice Variety Cultivation 2.4 Adjustment of Transplanting Time 3 Results 3.1 Supplemental Irrigation 3.2 Short Duration T. Aman Variety 3.3 Adjustment of Transplanting Time 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Remote Sensing: Comparison of Sebal and Metric Models 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Study Area 2 Background of Models 2.1 Sebal 2.2 METRIC Model 2.3 Penman–Monteith Equation 2.4 LandMOD ET Mapper 3 Results 3.1 Comparison of Daily Evapotranspiration for Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla 3.2 Comparison of Daily Evapotranspiration for Bogra Sadar Upazilla 4 Conclusion References