Water Encyclopedia, Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal (Water Encyclopedia, Volume 1)

The Water Encyclopedia offers a comprehensive depository of all information relating to the scientific and technological aspects of the world's most important natural resource -- water. The role of water in science, engineering and society requires a one-stop location to find whatever information is available on the cutting edge of the 21st century. This book is a resource for useful public domain data. Its focus is expert narrative on all water-related subjects. Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 ISBN 0471736872......Page 5 Municipal Water Supply......Page 6 Waste Water Treatment......Page 7 PREFACE......Page 9 ACKNOWLEGMENTS......Page 10 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11 THE ARSENIC DRINKING WATER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH......Page 15 BOTTLED WATER......Page 17 CORROSION CONTROL IN DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS......Page 19 ECONOMICS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER DEMANDS......Page 26 GRAY WATER REUSE IN HOUSEHOLDS......Page 30 WATER AND HUMAN HEALTH......Page 33 NITRATE HEALTH EFFECTS......Page 44 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY—PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP......Page 56 METHODS OF REDUCING RADON IN DRINKING WATER......Page 65 WATER REUSE......Page 67 ROOF DRAINAGE HYDRAULICS......Page 68 SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS......Page 75 DOMESTIC SOLAR WATER HEATERS......Page 77 HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE......Page 81 VIRUS TRANSPORT IN THE SUBSURFACE......Page 84 WINDMILLS......Page 87 MIXING AND AGITATION IN WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS......Page 90 ARSENIC IN NATURAL WATERS......Page 95 EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL COMPONENTS OF BIOFOULING......Page 97 THREAT AGENTS AND WATER BIOSECURITY......Page 101 GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON......Page 106 COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF SEVERAL ORGANICS AND HEAVY METALS ON ACTIVATED CARBON IN WATER......Page 121 A REAL-TIME HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR CITIES......Page 135 CHLORINE AND CHLORINE RESIDUALS......Page 141 MODELING CHLORINE RESIDUALS IN URBAN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS......Page 145 PARTICULATE MATTER REMOVAL BY COAGULATION......Page 151 SELECTIVE COAGULANT RECOVERY FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUALS USING THE DOMAIN MEMBRANE PROCESS......Page 153 PHYSICAL WATER CONDITIONING......Page 155 CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS......Page 159 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES......Page 160 PREVENTING WELL CONTAMINATION......Page 163 CORROSION CONTROL......Page 166 CROSS CONNECTION AND BACKFLOW PREVENTION......Page 169 MOLECULAR-BASED DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUMPARVUMIN WATER......Page 172 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM......Page 176 MEASURING CRYPTOSPORIDIUMPARVUM OOCYST INACTIVATION FOLLOWING DISINFECTION WITH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT......Page 179 DECHLORINATION......Page 183 DESALINATION......Page 184 DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTRATION FOR DRINKING WATER......Page 188 EMERGING WATERBORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASES......Page 191 IMPROVING WATERBORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE......Page 197 DISINFECTANTS......Page 206 DISINFECTION......Page 210 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATION......Page 214 WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS......Page 218 DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS......Page 221 WHAT IS IN OUR DRINKING WATER?......Page 227 THE ECONOMICS OF WATER RESOURCES ALLOCATION......Page 229 ANSWERING THE CHALLENGE......Page 232 KEY CAUSES OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY FAILURE IN A RURAL SMALL WATER SUPPLY OF SOUTH AFRICA......Page 235 FILTRATION......Page 240 WATER FILTRATION......Page 243 FILTRATION WITH GRANULAR MEDIA......Page 246 SLOW SAND FILTRATION AND THE IMPACT OF SCHMUTZDECKE......Page 249 MULTISTAGE DRINKING WATER FILTRATION......Page 251 MULTISTAGE FILTRATION: AN INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY......Page 252 PARTICULATE MATTER REMOVAL BY FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION......Page 257 FILTRATION WATER TREATMENT......Page 259 SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL ORGANIC REMOVAL BY BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION......Page 262 GRANULAR BED AND PRECOAT FILTRATION......Page 263 FLOCCULATION......Page 266 FLUORIDATION......Page 268 GIARDIASIS......Page 271 GRAVITY SEPARATION/SEDIMENTATION......Page 273 WATER HAMMER......Page 275 HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMMONLY OCCURRING DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES......Page 278 HEALTH EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS AND BIOTOXINS IN DRINKING WATER......Page 291 DRINKING WATER AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION......Page 295 1962 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE STANDARDS......Page 306 ION EXCHANGE AND DEMINERALIZATION......Page 311 THE STATE OF THE WATER INDUSTRY—2004......Page 315 IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL......Page 326 EXTRATERRITORIAL LAND USE CONTROL TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES......Page 329 LEAK DETECTION AND WATER LOSS CONTROL......Page 331 LIME–SODA ASH PROCESSES......Page 334 LIME SOFTENING......Page 336 ION EXCHANGE—USE OF MAGNETIC ION EXCHANGE RESIN FOR DOC REMOVAL......Page 339 MEMBRANE FILTRATION......Page 345 WATER METERS......Page 351 MICROBIOLOGICAL CONCERNS OF DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS......Page 355 NITRIFICATION OF POTABLE WATER USING TRICKLING FILTERS......Page 360 ORGANIC REMOVAL......Page 364 OZONE......Page 368 OZONE–BROMIDE INTERACTIONS......Page 371 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY: OZONATION......Page 376 REVIEW OF PARASITE FATE AND TRANSPORT IN KARSTIC AQUIFERS......Page 379 PARTICULATE REMOVAL......Page 384 PHARMACEUTICALS IN WATER SYSTEMS......Page 386 POINT-OF-USE/POINT-OF-ENTRY SYSTEMS (POU/POE)......Page 392 ASSESSING THE BACTERICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF POLYDEX FOR THE DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER IN RURAL AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA......Page 396 PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, MARKETING AND CORPORATE STRATEGIES IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE......Page 401 PUMPS......Page 405 RADIONUCLIDES......Page 409 USE OF REDOX POTENTIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT......Page 413 REPAIRING DISTRIBUTION LINE BREAKS......Page 414 ROLE OF SMALL WATER RESERVOIRS IN ENVIRONMENT......Page 417 RESERVOIRS, TOWERS, AND TANKS DRINKING WATER STORAGE FACILITIES......Page 422 WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT......Page 425 REVERSE OSMOSIS, PROCESS CHEMISTRY......Page 428 REVERSE OSMOSIS, MEMBRANE FOULANTS......Page 430 REVERSE OSMOSIS, MEMBRANE CLEANING......Page 433 APPLICATION OF RISK ASSESSMENTS IN CRAFTING DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS......Page 436 POTENTIAL RISKS OF WATERBORNE TRANSMISSION OF ESCHERICHIACOLI O157:H7......Page 443 SLOW SAND FILTRATION......Page 445 APPROACHES FOR SECURING A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM......Page 448 WATER SECURITY: AN EMERGING ISSUE......Page 451 GUIDE TO SELECTION OF WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES......Page 453 SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT......Page 458 HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION STORAGE TANKS......Page 462 SYSTEM CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)......Page 463 SETTLING TANKS......Page 466 TREATMENT FOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMALL DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS......Page 471 ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION......Page 480 ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION......Page 483 WATER DISINFECTION USING UV RADIATION—A SRI LANKAN EXPERIENCE......Page 485 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (DWQS)-UNITED STATES......Page 490 VALVES......Page 496 REMOVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND PROTOZOA......Page 499 WATER METER......Page 503 MUNICIPAL WATERSHEDS......Page 509 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY WORLD......Page 514 TEN KEY TRENDS THAT WILL SHAPE THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD WATER INDUSTRY......Page 522 ZEBRA MUSSEL CONTROL WITHOUT CHEMICALS......Page 524 PACKAGE PLANTS......Page 528 ANAEROBIC SEWAGE TREATMENT......Page 531 PERSISTENCE OF PATHOGENS IN WATER......Page 535 WELL HEAD PROTECTION......Page 538 CHEMICAL DRINKING WATER STANDARDS, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE......Page 543 MAGNETIC WATER CONDITIONING......Page 548 WATER IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION SITES......Page 551 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—BIOFOULING......Page 552 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—CORROSION......Page 556 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—SCALE FORMATION......Page 559 ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMANDS......Page 563 ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS—EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS......Page 567 ENERGY DISSIPATION......Page 572 WATER USE IN ENERGY PRODUCTION......Page 574 EVALUATION OF TOXIC PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS BY ON-LINE RESPIROMETRY......Page 579 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS......Page 585 HYDROCARBON TREATMENT TECHNIQUES......Page 589 USE OF ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR MAIZE PROCESSING PLANTS......Page 595 BONDING OF TOXIC METAL IONS......Page 600 APPLICATION OF MICROFILTRATION TO INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS......Page 605 WATER TREATMENT IN SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE......Page 609 INDUSTRIAL MINE USE: MINE WASTE......Page 623 SUGARCANE INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS TREATMENT......Page 628 ESTIMATED USE OF WATER IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1990 INDUSTRIAL WATER USE......Page 634 AERATION......Page 637 FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSED AIR AERATION SYSTEMS......Page 640 AIR STRIPPING......Page 645 LAND APPLICATIONS OF WASTEWATER IN ARID LANDS: THEORY AND CASE STUDIES......Page 646 TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCES......Page 650 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND......Page 653 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOLS FOR MONITORING BIODIVERSITY IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS......Page 656 BIOSOLIDS......Page 660 INTEGRATED CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SANITATION......Page 665 WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION......Page 670 CHEMICALLY ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER......Page 673 GETTING OUR CLEAN WATER ACT TOGETHER......Page 674 INADEQUATE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER: A SOURCE OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN RECEIVING SURFACE WATER BODIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES—CASE......Page 675 DENITRIFICATION IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS......Page 681 DETERGENTS......Page 683 ECOLOGICAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT......Page 689 WASTE TREATMENT IN FISH FARMS......Page 695 FLOTATION AS A SEPARATION PROCESS......Page 698 DEGRADATION OF CHLORO-ORGANICS AND HYDROCARBONS......Page 702 LANDFILL......Page 709 LANDFILL LEACHATES, PART I: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERIZATION......Page 713 LANDFILL LEACHATES: PART 2: TREATMENT......Page 716 MACROPHYTES AS BIOMONITORS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS......Page 728 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES......Page 732 MERCURY REMOVAL FROM COMPLEX WASTE WATERS......Page 736 METAL SPECIATION AND MOBILITY AS INFLUENCED BY LANDFILL DISPOSAL PRACTICES......Page 737 MICROBIAL FOAMING IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS......Page 742 INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER MODELING AND TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN......Page 744 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF WASTEWATER MODELING AND TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN......Page 752 NEW YORK CITY HARBOR SURVEY......Page 759 NITRIFICATION IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS......Page 765 EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND THE NPDES PERMIT......Page 769 ODOR ABATEMENT IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS......Page 774 AQUEOUS REACTIONS OF SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH OZONE......Page 779 THE FATE OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) IN THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS......Page 780 THE ROLE OF ORGANOCLAY IN WATER CLEANUP......Page 785 COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW TREATMENT......Page 796 BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS......Page 802 PHOTOCATALYTIC MEMBRANE REACTORS IN WATER PURIFICATION......Page 805 EPA’S NATIONAL PRETREATMENT PROGRAM, 1973–2003: THIRTY YEARS OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 812 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING PIPE REPAIR AND RENEWAL......Page 815 RADIOACTIVE WASTE......Page 816 RECLAIMED WATER......Page 819 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES......Page 822 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES AND WATER REUSE......Page 828 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE RESEARCH......Page 833 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE......Page 839 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY......Page 840 SEWAGE......Page 842 DOMESTIC SEWAGE......Page 844 SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES......Page 849 WASTEWATER TREATMENT—SMALL SCALE......Page 854 MICROBIAL FOAMING AND BULKING IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLANTS......Page 858 AQUEOUS BEHAVIOR OF ELEMENTS IN A FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLUDGE DISPOSAL SITE......Page 862 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL......Page 867 WASTEWATER SLUDGE......Page 875 PROCESSING OF SLUDGE......Page 878 MUNICIPAL STORM WATER MANAGEMENT......Page 880 WHAT WASTEWATER UTILITIES CAN DO NOW TO GUARD AGAINST TERRORIST AND SECURITY THREATS......Page 884 WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES—ADVANCED......Page 885 TRENCHLESS REPAIR AND REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES......Page 890 BASICS OF UNDERGROUND WATER AND SEWER PIPELINE ASSESSMENT, REPAIR, AND REHABILITATION......Page 897 WATER HAMMER: QUANTITATIVE CAUSES AND EFFECTS......Page 905 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS......Page 906 USING ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TO TREAT MINE WASTEWATER IN IRELAND......Page 911 WATER AND WASTEWATER PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS......Page 914 ANAEROBIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT......Page 918 SEWERAGE ODORS—HOW TO CONTROL......Page 924 ULTRAFILTRATION—COMPLEXATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT......Page 930 A......Page 937 B......Page 939 C......Page 940 D......Page 943 E......Page 945 F......Page 946 H......Page 948 I......Page 949 L......Page 950 M......Page 951 N......Page 953 O......Page 954 P......Page 955 R......Page 957 S......Page 959 T......Page 961 U......Page 962 W......Page 963 X,Y,Z......Page 966 Cover Page 1 Title Page 4 ISBN 0471736872 5 CONTENTS (with page links) 6 Domestic Water Supply 6 Municipal Water Supply 6 Industrial Water 7 Waste Water Treatment 7 PREFACE 9 ACKNOWLEGMENTS 10 CONTRIBUTORS 11 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLYDOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY 15 THE ARSENIC DRINKING WATER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH 15 BOTTLED WATER 17 CORROSION CONTROL IN DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS 19 ECONOMICS OF RESIDENTIAL WATER DEMANDS 26 GRAY WATER REUSE IN HOUSEHOLDS 30 WATER AND HUMAN HEALTH 33 NITRATE HEALTH EFFECTS 44 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY—PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP 56 METHODS OF REDUCING RADON IN DRINKING WATER 65 WATER REUSE 67 ROOF DRAINAGE HYDRAULICS 68 SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS 75 DOMESTIC SOLAR WATER HEATERS 77 HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE 81 VIRUS TRANSPORT IN THE SUBSURFACE 84 WINDMILLS 87 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLYMUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY 90 MIXING AND AGITATION IN WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 90 ARSENIC IN NATURAL WATERS 95 EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL COMPONENTS OF BIOFOULING 97 THREAT AGENTS AND WATER BIOSECURITY 101 GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON 106 COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF SEVERAL ORGANICS AND HEAVY METALS ON ACTIVATED CARBON IN WATER 121 A REAL-TIME HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR CITIES 135 CHLORINE AND CHLORINE RESIDUALS 141 MODELING CHLORINE RESIDUALS IN URBAN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 145 PARTICULATE MATTER REMOVAL BY COAGULATION 151 SELECTIVE COAGULANT RECOVERY FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUALS USING THE DOMAIN MEMBRANE PROCESS 153 PHYSICAL WATER CONDITIONING 155 CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS 159 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES 160 PREVENTING WELL CONTAMINATION 163 CORROSION CONTROL 166 CROSS CONNECTION AND BACKFLOW PREVENTION 169 MOLECULAR-BASED DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUMPARVUMIN WATER 172 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM 176 MEASURING CRYPTOSPORIDIUMPARVUM OOCYST INACTIVATION FOLLOWING DISINFECTION WITH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 179 DECHLORINATION 183 DESALINATION 184 DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTRATION FOR DRINKING WATER 188 EMERGING WATERBORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 191 IMPROVING WATERBORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE 197 DISINFECTANTS 206 DISINFECTION 210 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATION 214 WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 218 DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 221 WHAT IS IN OUR DRINKING WATER? 227 THE ECONOMICS OF WATER RESOURCES ALLOCATION 229 ANSWERING THE CHALLENGE 232 KEY CAUSES OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY FAILURE IN A RURAL SMALL WATER SUPPLY OF SOUTH AFRICA 235 FILTRATION 240 WATER FILTRATION 243 FILTRATION WITH GRANULAR MEDIA 246 SLOW SAND FILTRATION AND THE IMPACT OF SCHMUTZDECKE 249 MULTISTAGE DRINKING WATER FILTRATION 251 MULTISTAGE FILTRATION: AN INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 252 PARTICULATE MATTER REMOVAL BY FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION 257 FILTRATION WATER TREATMENT 259 SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL ORGANIC REMOVAL BY BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION 262 GRANULAR BED AND PRECOAT FILTRATION 263 FLOCCULATION 266 FLUORIDATION 268 GIARDIASIS 271 GRAVITY SEPARATION/SEDIMENTATION 273 WATER HAMMER 275 HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMMONLY OCCURRING DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES 278 HEALTH EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS AND BIOTOXINS IN DRINKING WATER 291 DRINKING WATER AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION 295 1962 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE STANDARDS 306 ION EXCHANGE AND DEMINERALIZATION 311 THE STATE OF THE WATER INDUSTRY—2004 315 IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL 326 EXTRATERRITORIAL LAND USE CONTROL TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES 329 LEAK DETECTION AND WATER LOSS CONTROL 331 LIME–SODA ASH PROCESSES 334 LIME SOFTENING 336 ION EXCHANGE—USE OF MAGNETIC ION EXCHANGE RESIN FOR DOC REMOVAL 339 MEMBRANE FILTRATION 345 WATER METERS 351 MICROBIOLOGICAL CONCERNS OF DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 355 NITRIFICATION OF POTABLE WATER USING TRICKLING FILTERS 360 ORGANIC REMOVAL 364 OZONE 368 OZONE WITH ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 371 OZONE–BROMIDE INTERACTIONS 371 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY: OZONATION 376 REVIEW OF PARASITE FATE AND TRANSPORT IN KARSTIC AQUIFERS 379 PARTICULATE REMOVAL 384 PHARMACEUTICALS IN WATER SYSTEMS 386 POINT-OF-USE/POINT-OF-ENTRY SYSTEMS (POU/POE) 392 ASSESSING THE BACTERICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF POLYDEX FOR THE DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER IN RURAL AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA 396 PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, MARKETING AND CORPORATE STRATEGIES IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE 401 PUMPS 405 RADIONUCLIDES 409 USE OF REDOX POTENTIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 413 REPAIRING DISTRIBUTION LINE BREAKS 414 ROLE OF SMALL WATER RESERVOIRS IN ENVIRONMENT 417 RESERVOIRS, TOWERS, AND TANKS DRINKING WATER STORAGE FACILITIES 422 WATER TREATMENT PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT 425 REVERSE OSMOSIS, PROCESS CHEMISTRY 428 REVERSE OSMOSIS, MEMBRANE FOULANTS 430 REVERSE OSMOSIS, MEMBRANE CLEANING 433 APPLICATION OF RISK ASSESSMENTS IN CRAFTING DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS 436 POTENTIAL RISKS OF WATERBORNE TRANSMISSION OF ESCHERICHIACOLI O157:H7 443 SLOW SAND FILTRATION 445 APPROACHES FOR SECURING A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 448 WATER SECURITY: AN EMERGING ISSUE 451 GUIDE TO SELECTION OF WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 453 SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT 458 HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION STORAGE TANKS 462 SYSTEM CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA) 463 SETTLING TANKS 466 TREATMENT FOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMALL DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS 471 ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION 480 ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION 483 WATER DISINFECTION USING UV RADIATION—A SRI LANKAN EXPERIENCE 485 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (DWQS)-UNITED STATES 490 VALVES 496 REMOVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND PROTOZOA 499 WATER METER 503 MUNICIPAL WATERSHEDS 509 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY WORLD 514 TEN KEY TRENDS THAT WILL SHAPE THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD WATER INDUSTRY 522 ZEBRA MUSSEL CONTROL WITHOUT CHEMICALS 524 PACKAGE PLANTS 528 ANAEROBIC SEWAGE TREATMENT 531 PERSISTENCE OF PATHOGENS IN WATER 535 WELL HEAD PROTECTION 538 CHEMICAL DRINKING WATER STANDARDS, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE 543 INDUSTRIAL WATERINDUSTRIAL WATER 548 MAGNETIC WATER CONDITIONING 548 WATER IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION SITES 551 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—BIOFOULING 552 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—CORROSION 556 INDUSTRIAL COOLING WATER—SCALE FORMATION 559 ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMANDS 563 ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS—EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS 567 ENERGY DISSIPATION 572 WATER USE IN ENERGY PRODUCTION 574 EVALUATION OF TOXIC PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS BY ON-LINE RESPIROMETRY 579 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 585 HYDROCARBON TREATMENT TECHNIQUES 589 USE OF ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR MAIZE PROCESSING PLANTS 595 BONDING OF TOXIC METAL IONS 600 APPLICATION OF MICROFILTRATION TO INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 605 WATER TREATMENT IN SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE 609 INDUSTRIAL MINE USE: MINE WASTE 623 SUGARCANE INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS TREATMENT 628 ESTIMATED USE OF WATER IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1990 INDUSTRIAL WATER USE 634 WASTE WATER TREATMENTWASTE WATER TREATMENT 637 AERATION 637 FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSED AIR AERATION SYSTEMS 640 AIR STRIPPING 645 LAND APPLICATIONS OF WASTEWATER IN ARID LANDS: THEORY AND CASE STUDIES 646 TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCES 650 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND 653 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOLS FOR MONITORING BIODIVERSITY IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS 656 BIOSOLIDS 660 INTEGRATED CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SANITATION 665 WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION 670 CHEMICALLY ENHANCED PRIMARY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER 673 GETTING OUR CLEAN WATER ACT TOGETHER 674 INADEQUATE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER: A SOURCE OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN RECEIVING SURFACE WATER BODIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES—CASE 675 DENITRIFICATION IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 681 DETERGENTS 683 ECOLOGICAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 689 WASTE TREATMENT IN FISH FARMS 695 FLOTATION AS A SEPARATION PROCESS 698 DEGRADATION OF CHLORO-ORGANICS AND HYDROCARBONS 702 LANDFILL 709 LANDFILL LEACHATES, PART I: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERIZATION 713 LANDFILL LEACHATES: PART 2: TREATMENT 716 MACROPHYTES AS BIOMONITORS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 728 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 732 MERCURY REMOVAL FROM COMPLEX WASTE WATERS 736 METAL SPECIATION AND MOBILITY AS INFLUENCED BY LANDFILL DISPOSAL PRACTICES 737 MICROBIAL FOAMING IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 742 INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER MODELING AND TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN 744 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF WASTEWATER MODELING AND TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN 752 NEW YORK CITY HARBOR SURVEY 759 NITRIFICATION IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 765 EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND THE NPDES PERMIT 769 ODOR ABATEMENT IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS 774 AQUEOUS REACTIONS OF SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH OZONE 779 THE FATE OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) IN THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS 780 THE ROLE OF ORGANOCLAY IN WATER CLEANUP 785 COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW TREATMENT 796 BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 802 PHOTOCATALYTIC MEMBRANE REACTORS IN WATER PURIFICATION 805 EPA’S NATIONAL PRETREATMENT PROGRAM, 1973–2003: THIRTY YEARS OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT 812 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING PIPE REPAIR AND RENEWAL 815 RADIOACTIVE WASTE 816 RECLAIMED WATER 819 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES 822 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES AND WATER REUSE 828 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE RESEARCH 833 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE 839 WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 840 SEWAGE 842 DOMESTIC SEWAGE 844 SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES 849 WASTEWATER TREATMENT—SMALL SCALE 854 MICROBIAL FOAMING AND BULKING IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLANTS 858 AQUEOUS BEHAVIOR OF ELEMENTS IN A FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLUDGE DISPOSAL SITE 862 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL 867 WASTEWATER SLUDGE 875 PROCESSING OF SLUDGE 878 MUNICIPAL STORM WATER MANAGEMENT 880 WHAT WASTEWATER UTILITIES CAN DO NOW TO GUARD AGAINST TERRORIST AND SECURITY THREATS 884 WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES—ADVANCED 885 TRENCHLESS REPAIR AND REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES 890 BASICS OF UNDERGROUND WATER AND SEWER PIPELINE ASSESSMENT, REPAIR, AND REHABILITATION 897 WATER HAMMER: QUANTITATIVE CAUSES AND EFFECTS 905 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS 906 USING ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TO TREAT MINE WASTEWATER IN IRELAND 911 WATER AND WASTEWATER PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS 914 ANAEROBIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT 918 SEWERAGE ODORS—HOW TO CONTROL 924 ULTRAFILTRATION—COMPLEXATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 930 INDEX (with page links) 937 A 937 B 939 C 940 D 943 E 945 F 946 G 948 H 948 I 949 J 950 K 950 L 950 M 951 N 953 O 954 P 955 Q 957 R 957 S 959 T 961 U 962 V 963 W 963 X,Y,Z 966 Volume 1 outlines water supply infrastructure. The requirements for supplying water to a home, a city or a factory can be very different. Experts in these fields explain the nuances of the details involved in maintaining adequate quantity and quality for these different consumers. Waste water management can be of even greater concern, yet its management can follow similar paths when compared to sophisticated water supply treatment. Both the physics and chemistry of these fields are fully covered. Volume 2 deals with the big picture of regional water supplies, how they become contaminated, how they can be protected and how they can best serve the surrounding populations and industries. Significant focus is placed upon the natural chemistry of available water supplies and its biological impacts. Case studies from regions around the world offer an excellent picture of the world's water resources V. 1. Domestic, Municipal, And Industrial Water Supply And Waste Disposal -- V. 2. Water Quality And Resource Development -- V. 3. Surface And Agricultural Water -- V. 4. Oceanography; Meteorology; Physics And Chemistry; Water Law; And Water History, Art, And Culture -- V. 5. Ground Water. Jay Lehr ; Editor-in-chief, Jack Keeley ; Senior Editor, Janet Lehr ; Associate Editor, Thomas B. Kingery Iii, Information Technology Director. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Also Issued In Print. Mode Of Access: World Wide Web. Leading experts in water-related fields have come together to make Water Encyclopedia a one-stop, comprehensive reference about the world s most important natural resource. It covers designated topics in a clear concise and authoritative manner. The treatment is practical in orientation, keeping in mind the needs of the users. Theory is included only where required for an understanding of the topic.