Water and the environment : innovation issues in irrigation and drainage : selected papers of the 1st Inter-Regional Conference "Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage", held in Lisbon, Portugal, September 98

The sustainable use of water resources is now of major concern to all economic sectors and regions. Looking ahead to the 21st century, it is clear that initiating and implementing innovative water management programmes will be a major problem, particularly acute for the agricultural sector, which is responsible for more than 80 percent of water demand in the majority of countries. Arid, semi-arid and drought-prone regions will be severely affected, as the potential demand exceeds availability in most countries in the world. Water and Environment addresses imbalances between availability and demand, degradation of surface and ground waters, inter-sectorial, inter-regional and international competition in water management. It covers: \* Combating pollution \* Environmental impacts on the aquatic biosphere \* Water conservation practices \* Combined irrigation scheduling \* Re-use of return flows \* Demand and availability assessment \* Forecasting, planning and management \* Impacts on global changes \* Droughts, floods, natural catastrophies \* Emergency measures \* Trans-regional and trans-national policies \* Organizational and institutional considerations \* Case studies Water and Environment is designed to help policy-makers, planners, irrigation engineers, researchers, and postgraduate students specializing in irrigation and canal engineering, water pollution and water quality Application Of The Root Zone Water Quality Model For Environment-water Management In Agricultural Systems / L. R. Ahuja, L. Ma And J. D. Hanson [et Al.] -- Assessing Atrazine In Irrigated Soil Profiles / A. S. Azevedo, R. S. Kanwar And L. S. Pereira -- Influence Of Sub-surface Drainage On Herbicide Management In Low-land Areas / D. E. Cruciani, G. C. Baptista And P. J. Christoffoleti [et Al.] -- Effects Of The Traditional And No-tillage Systems Upon Runoff And Herbicide Transport / F. J. B. Teixeira And G. Basch -- First Results On Controlled Drainage To Reduce Nitrate Losses From Agricultural Sites / M. Borin, G. Bonaiti And L. Giardini -- Nitrate Movement In Level Basins: Reduced Versus Conventional Soil Tillage / D. V. Santos, P. L. Sousa And L. S. Pereira -- Impact Of Agricultural Developments On Water Contamination And Environmental Sustainability / R. S. Kanwar -- Effect Of Irrigation With Saline Water On Soil And Crop In South-west Spain / M. M. Ridao, F. Moreno And F. Cabrera [et Al.] -- Soil Hydraulic Parameters For Environmental And Leaching Studies / M. C. Goncalves, R. M. Fernando And L. S. Pereira -- Reducing Acid Pollution From Reclaimed Acid Sulphate Soils: Experiences From The Mekong Delta, Vietnam / T. P. Tuong, L. Q. Minh And D. V. Ni [et Al.] -- Control Of Furrow Erosion And Infiltration On A Mediterranean Soil Using Polyacrylamide / F. L. Santos, R. P. Serralheiro And F. S. Melhorado [et Al.] -- Assessment Of Groundwater Vulnerability To Pollution Using The Drastic Method. Application To The Alqueva Area / J. P. Lobo-ferreira And M. M. Oliveira -- Managing The Effects Of Agricultural Practices On Groundwater Quality / M. C. Caputo, G. Passarella And M. Vurro [et Al.] -- Environmental Criteria In A Decision Support System For Surface Irrigation Design / J. M. Goncalves, L. S. Pereira And P. L. Sousa. Surface Irrigation Efficiency In Cracking Soils As Influenced By Water Restrictions / A. Zairi, A. Slatni And J. C. Mailhol [et Al.] -- Furrow Surge Irrigation As A Water Saving Technique / I. Varlev, Z. Popova And I. Gospodinov -- Evaluation Of Performance Of Surface Irrigation Systems: Optimization Of Infiltration And Roughness Parameters / M. J. Calejo, P. L. Sousa And L. S. Pereira -- Real Time Management Of Furrow Irrigation With A Cablegation System / S. Shahidian, R. P. Serralheiro And L. L. Silva -- Predicting Runoff Under Sprinkler Irrigation Using Eurosem / B. Ghorbani -- Performance Of Centre Pivot Systems In Field Practice / J. Montero, J. M. Tarjuelo And F. T. Honrubia [et Al.] -- Optimization Of Water Application For Sprinkler Irrigation / V. P. S. Paz, J. A. Frizzone And T. A. Botrel [et Al.] -- New Non-water-stressed Baselines For Irrigation Scheduling With Infrared Thermometers / I. Alves And L. S. Pereira -- Crop Water Stress Index For Beans Obtained From Temperature Difference Between Canopy And Air / P. E. P. Albuquerque, R. L. Gomide And A. E. Klar -- Real-time Irrigation Scheduling Model For Cotton / Y. H. Li And B. Dong -- Using Sap Flow Measurements To Quantify Water Consumption In The Olive Tree / M. J. Palomo, A. Diaz-espejo And J. E. Fernandez [et Al.] -- Water-yield Function Of Rice And Its Temporal And Spatial Variation / Z. Mao And Y. L. Cui -- Participatory Research On Technical Interventions To Improve Irrigation Performance: Informing Perceptions / B. A. Lankford And J. W. Gowing -- Canal Inspectors' Know-how In Water Management / R. Bustos, M. Marre And J. Chambouleyron [et Al.] -- Demand Management By Irrigation Delivery Scheduling / N. Hatcho -- Performance Analysis Of On-demand Pressurized Irrigation Systems / N. Lamaddalena And L. S. Pereira. New Approaches To Design And Performance Analysis Of Low Pressure Distribution Systems / A. Doujeb, R. Bounoua And L. S. Pereira [et Al.] -- Effective Monitoring Of Canal Irrigation With Minimum Or No Flow Measurement / B. A. Lankford -- Canal Water Delivery System Automation. A Case Study / M. Rijo And V. Paulo -- Waterproofing Mira, Campilhas, Senhora Do Porto Canals With Drained Geomembranes / J. L. Machado Do Vale, A. M. Scuero And G. L. Vaschetti -- Minimum Level Of Water Demand For A Profitable Operation Of An Irrigation Scheme / I. Nicolaescu And E. Manole -- Spatial Distribution Of Irrigation Water Requirements Using Geostatistical Analysis / V. Sousa And L. S. Pereira -- Rice Production In Floodplains: Issues For Water Management In Bangladesh / J. J. F. Barr And J. W. Gowing -- Users' Governance Of Irrigation Water: On-going Reforms And Potentials / Masahiro Nakashima -- Reuse Of Return Flows And Local Runoff In Irrigation Systems / J. W. Gowing And P. S. Maheepala -- Remote Sensing For Rainwater Harvesting In Mediterranean Agriculture / D. Prinz, T. Oweis And A. Oberle -- A Model To Obtain The Hydrograph Of Surface Runoff In Terraced Areas / F. F. Pruski, J. M. A. Silva And L. N. Rodrigues [et Al.] -- Dynamic Flood Control Along Arterial Drainage Networks, A Case Study / Y. Nedelec, D. Zimmer And C. Chaumont [et Al.] -- River Meadow Programs -- Planning In Partnership / H. Patt -- Effects Of River Diking On The Water And Salt Regimes Of Flood Plain Soils / F. Statescu, A. Nicolau And V. Tobolcea -- Influence Of Tillage System On Water Regime In Irrigated And Rainfed Sunflower Production / G. Basch, J. P. Mendes And M. J. G. P. R. Carvalho [et Al.] -- Measurements Of Soil Hydraulic Properties In An Olive Orchard Under Drip Irrigation / F. Moreno, J. E. Fernandez And M. J. Palomo [et Al.]. Effect Of Mulching With Black Polyethylene Sheets On Sweet Pepper Evapotranspiration Losses / G. Ghinassi And L. Neri -- Reduced Demand Irrigation Scheduling Under Constraint Of The Irrigation Method / R. M. Fernando, L. S. Pereira And Y. Liu [et Al.] -- Water And Salt Management Strategies In The Aral Sea Basin / V. A. Dukhovny And V. I. Sokolov -- Drought Forecasting As An Aid To Irrigation Water Management / I. Palfai, G. Y. Szilard And L. M. Toth -- Characterizing Agricultural Droughts In Eastern Romania / C. Cismaru, I. Bartha And I. Cojocaru [et Al.] -- Modeling The Occurrence Of Dry Spells And Their Impact On Crop Yield / S. A. V. Sousa And J. A. Frizzone -- Reconnaissance Optimal Sustainable Groundwater Pumping Strategies For The Lower Ghaggar Basin / A. Kumar, R. Shyam And N. K. Tyagi [et Al.] -- Irrigation, Sustainable Development And Law / M. Mathus Escorihuela -- Comprehensive Criteria For Water Ecosystems Sustainability Assessment / V. I. Sokolov And V. A. Nikolayenko. Edited By Luis S. Pereira And John W. Gowing ; Portuguese National Committee Of The International Commission On Irrigation & Drainage ; Selected Papers Of The 1st Inter-regional Conference Environment-water: Innovative Issues In Irrigation And Drainage, Held In Lisbon, Portugal, September 1998. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. BOOK COVER 1 HALF-TITLE 2 TITLE 4 COPYRIGHT 5 CONTENTS 7 PREFACE 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 17 SECTION I MANAGING WATER QUALITY 19 APPLICATION OF THE ROOT ZONE WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR ENVIRONMENT-WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 21 ASSESSING ATRAZINE IN IRRIGATED SOIL PROFILES 31 INFLUENCE OF SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE ON HERBICIDE MANAGEMENT IN LOW-LAND AREAS 40 EFFECTS OF THE TRADITIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE SYSTEMS UPON RUNOFF AND HERBICIDE TRANSPORT 47 FIRST RESULTS ON CONTROLLED DRAINAGE TO REDUCE NITRATE LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL SITES 56 NITRATE MOVEMENT IN LEVEL BASINS: REDUCED VERSUS CONVENTIONAL SOIL TILLAGE 64 IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS ON WATER CONTAMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 74 EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER ON SOIL AND CROP IN SOUTH-WEST SPAIN 81 SOIL HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEACHING STUDIES 90 REDUCING ACID POLLUTION FROM RECLAIMED ACID SULPHATE SOILS: EXPERIENCES FROM THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM 101 CONTROL OF FURROW EROSION AND INFILTRATION ON A MEDITERRANEAN SOIL USING POLYACRYLAMIDE 111 ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY TO POLLUTION USING THE DRASTIC METHOD. APPLICATION TO THE ALQUEVA AREA 121 MANAGING THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY 129 SECTION II MANAGING DEMAND 138 ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA IN A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SURFACE IRRIGATION DESIGN 140 SURFACE IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY IN CRACKING SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY WATER RESTRICTIONS 149 FURROW SURGE IRRIGATION AS A WATER SAVING TECHNIQUE 160 EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS: OPTIMIZATION OF INFILTRATION AND ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS 170 REAL TIME MANAGEMENT OF FURROW IRRIGATION WITH A CABLEGATION SYSTEM 180 PREDICTING RUNOFF UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION USING EUROSEM 188 PERFORMANCE OF CENTRE PIVOT SYSTEMS IN FIELD PRACTICE 198 OPTIMIZATION OF WATER APPLICATION FOR SPRINKLER IRRIGATION 206 NEW NON-WATER-STRESSED BASELINES FOR IRRIGATION SCHEDULING WITH INFRARED THERMOMETERS 215 CROP WATER STRESS INDEX FOR BEANS OBTAINED FROM TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CANOPY AND AIR 226 REAL-TIME IRRIGATION SCHEDULING MODEL FOR COTTON 234 USING SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS TO QUANTIFY WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE OLIVE TREE 243 WATER-YIELD FUNCTION OF RICE AND ITS TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION 251 SECTION III MANAGING SUPPLY IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 261 PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH ON TECHNICAL INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE: INFORMING PERCEPTIONS 263 CANAL INSPECTORS’ KNOW-HOW IN WATER MANAGEMENT 272 DEMAND MANAGEMENT BY IRRIGATION DELIVERY SCHEDULING 280 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ON-DEMAND PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 289 NEW APPROACHES TO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LOW PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 299 EFFECTIVE MONITORING OF CANAL IRRIGATION WITH MINIMUM OR NO FLOW MEASUREMENT 310 CANAL WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM AUTOMATION. A CASE STUDY 321 WATERPROOFING MIRA, CAMPILHAS, SENHORA DO PORTO CANALS WITH DRAINED GEOMEMBRANES 329 MINIMUM LEVEL OF WATER DEMAND FOR A PROFITABLE OPERATION OF AN IRRIGATION SCHEME 339 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENTS USING GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS 348 RICE PRODUCTION IN FLOODPLAINS: ISSUES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH 357 USERS’ GOVERNANCE OF IRRIGATION WATER: ON-GOING REFORMS AND POTENTIALS 367 SECTION IV WATER CONSERVATION AND HYDROLOGIC BEHAVIOUR 378 REUSE OF RETURN FLOWS AND LOCAL RUNOFF IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 380 REMOTE SENSING FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING IN MEDITERRANEAN AGRICULTURE 389 A MODEL TO OBTAIN THE HYDROGRAPH OF SURFACE RUNOFF IN TERRACED AREAS 397 DYNAMIC FLOOD CONTROL ALONG ARTERIAL DRAINAGE NETWORKS, A CASE STUDY 405 RIVER MEADOW PROGRAMS-PLANNING IN PARTNERSHIP 417 EFFECTS OF RIVER DIKING ON THE WATER AND SALT REGIMES OF FLOOD PLAIN SOILS 424 INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEM ON WATER REGIME IN IRRIGATED AND RAINFED SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION 433 MEASUREMENTS OF SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES IN AN OLIVE ORCHARD UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION 444 EFFECT OF MULCHING WITH BLACK POLYETHYLENE SHEETS ON SWEET PEPPER EVAPOTRANSPIRATION LOSSES 451 SECTION V COPING WITH WATER SCARCITY AND DROUGHT 463 REDUCED DEMAND IRRIGATION SCHEDULING UNDER CONSTRAINT OF THE IRRIGATION METHOD 465 WATER AND SALT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN 474 DROUGHT FORECASTING AS AN AID TO IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT 481 CHARACTERIZING AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN EASTERN ROMANIA 490 MODELING THE OCCURRENCE OF DRY SPELLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CROP YIELD 499 RECONNAISSANCE OPTIMAL SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER PUMPING STRATEGIES FOR THE LOWER GHAGGAR BASIN 508 IRRIGATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND LAW 516 COMPREHENSIVE CRITERIA FOR WATER ECOSYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT 521 SUBJECT INDEX 527 Water and Environment addresses imbalances between availability and demand, degradation of surface and ground waters, inter-sectorial, inter-regional and international competition in water management. With contributions from internationally distinguished experts at the first Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrig