پسماند به هیدروژن زیستی تجدیدپذیر: پیشرفت‌ها در نظریه و آزمایشات ۱

__Waste to Renewable Biohydrogen: Volume 1: Advances in Theory and Experiments__ provides a comprehensive overview of the advances, processes and technologies for waste treatment to hydrogen production. It introduces and compares the most widely adopted and most promising technologies, such as dark fermentation, thermochemical and photosynthetic processes. In this part, potential estimation, feasibility analysis, feedstock pretreatment, advanced waste-to-biohydrogen processes and each individual systems element are examined. The book delves into the theoretical and experimental studies for the design and optimization of different waste-to-biohydrogen processes and systems. Covering several advanced waste-to-biohydrogen pretreatment and production processes, this book investigates the future trends and the promising pathways for biohydrogen production from waste. Front-Matter_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Biohydrogen Waste to Renewable Biohydrogen Copyright_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Biohydrogen Copyright Contributors_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Biohydrogen Contributors Chapter-1---Sustainable-waste-management--valorizatio_2021_Waste-to-Renewabl 1. Sustainable waste management: valorization of waste for biohydrogen production 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Current status of waste 1.2.1 Introduction to waste 1.2.2 Harm of waste 1.2.2.1 Harm to cities 1.2.2.2 Harm to humans 1.3 Waste to energy technologies 1.3.1 Waste burning generating electricity technology 1.3.2 Marsh gas power generation 1.4 Biomass energy 1.4.1 Introduction to biomass energy 1.4.2 Application of biomass energy 1.5 Technologies for biohydrogen 1.5.1 Hydrogen production organisms 1.5.2 Process of organic anaerobic biodegradation 1.5.3 Reactors of hydrogen fermentation 1.5.4 Principle and classification of hydrogen fermentation 1.5.5 Research status of anaerobic fermentation biohydrogen 1.5.5.1 Biological characteristics of fermentation-producing acid microorganisms 1.5.5.2 Methods of fermentation-producing acid microorganisms 1.5.5.3 Investigation of anaerobic hydrogen substrates 1.6 Environment and economy efficiency assessment for biohydrogen 1.6.1 Assessment of environmental efficiency 1.6.2 Assessment of economic efficiency 1.7 Conclusion References Chapter-2---Waste-to-biohydrogen--potential-and_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Bioh 2. Waste to biohydrogen: potential and feasibility 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Hydrogen production potential by agricultural and forestry waste 2.2.1 Straw biomass 2.2.2 Livestock and poultry dung 2.2.3 Forest deciduous biomass 2.3 Hydrogen production potential from industrial waste 2.3.1 Industrial waste 2.3.2 Paper sludge 2.4 Hydrogen production potential by domestic waste 2.4.1 Domestic sewage 2.4.2 Municipal organic solid waste 2.5 Feasibility of waste to biohydrogen 2.5.1 Feasibility of technology 2.5.2 Efficiency of hydrogen production 2.6 Concluding remarks and prospects References Chapter-3---Waste-to-biohydrogen--progress--chall_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Bi 3. Waste to biohydrogen: progress, challenges, and prospects 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Progress of waste to biohydrogen 3.2.1 Development of waste pretreatment technology 3.2.2 Progress in hydrogen production technology 3.3 Challenges of waste to biohydrogen 3.3.1 Challenges of waste pretreatment technology 3.3.2 Challenges of biohydrogen production technology 3.4 Prospects of waste to biohydrogen 3.5 Perspective References Chapter-4---Comparisons-of-biohydrogen-production-t_2021_Waste-to-Renewable- 4. Comparisons of biohydrogen production technologies and processes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Biological hydrogen production technology and process 4.2.1 Hydrogen production by photohydrolysis 4.2.1.1 Hydrogen production by green algae 4.2.1.2 Hydrogen production by cyanobacteria 4.2.2 Hydrogen production by dark fermentation 4.2.2.1 Dark fermentation type 4.2.2.1.1 Hydrogen production by propionic acid type fermentation 4.2.2.1.2 Hydrogen production by butyric acid fermentation 4.2.2.1.3 Hydrogen production by ethanol fermentation 4.2.2.2 Hydrogen production mechanism of dark fermentation 4.2.2.2.1 Direct hydrogen production mechanism 4.2.2.2.2 NAD+/NADH balance regulates the mechanism of hydrogen production 4.2.2.3 Influencing factors of hydrogen production by dark fermentation 4.2.2.3.1 Strains 4.2.2.3.2 Fermentation substrate 4.2.2.3.3 Fermentation temperature 4.2.2.3.4 pH value 4.2.2.3.5 Inorganic nutrients 4.2.3 Hydrogen production by light fermentation 4.2.3.1 Characteristics and classification of photosynthetic bacteria 4.2.3.2 Hydrogen production mechanism by light fermentation 4.2.3.3 Influencing factors of hydrogen production by light fermentation 4.2.3.3.1 Effect of light on hydrogen production by light fermentation 4.2.3.3.2 Effect of key enzymes on hydrogen production by light fermentation 4.2.3.3.3 Other factors 4.2.4 Coupling hydrogen production technology of fermentation bacteria by dark–light method 4.2.4.1 Dark–light fermentation two-step biological hydrogen production 4.2.4.2 Dark–light fermentation bacteria mixed-culture biological hydrogen production 4.3 Comparison of biological hydrogen production process 4.3.1 Comparison of biological hydrogen production process 4.3.2 Limitations of biological hydrogen production 4.3.2.1 How to screen strains with relatively high hydrogen production rate and design a reasonable hydrogen production process to ... 4.3.2.2 Development of efficient hydrogen production process 4.3.2.3 Stability and continuity of hydrogen production by fermentation bacteria 4.3.2.4 Inhibition of each other in the process of hydrogen production by mixed bacteria fermentation, the end products of fermenta ... 4.4 Conclusion References Chapter-5---Waste-pretreatment-technologies-for-h_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Bi 5. Waste pretreatment technologies for hydrogen production 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Physical pretreatment 5.2.1 Mechanical crushing 5.2.2 Radiation pretreatment 5.2.3 Superfine crushing 5.3 Chemical pretreatment 5.3.1 Dilute acid pretreatment 5.3.2 Alkali pretreatment 5.3.3 Oxidation pretreatment 5.4 Physicochemical pretreatment 5.4.1 High-temperature liquid water pretreatment 5.4.2 Steam explosion pretreatment 5.5 Biological pretreatment 5.6 Conclusions References Chapter-6---Advances-in-dark-fermentation-hydrogen_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-B 6. Advances in dark fermentation hydrogen production technologies 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The principle of dark fermentation 6.3 Critical parameters for dark fermentation biohydrogen production 6.3.1 Substrate 6.3.1.1 Sewage sludge 6.3.1.2 Wastewater 6.3.1.3 Lignocellulosic wastes 6.3.1.4 Food waste 6.3.2 Inocula 6.3.3 Operation pH 6.3.4 Process temperature 6.4 Strategies to improve hydrogen yield 6.4.1 Pretreatment 6.4.1.1 Physical pretreatment 6.4.1.2 Chemical pretreatments 6.4.1.3 Physiochemical combined pretreatment 6.4.2 Cofermentation 6.4.3 Additives 6.5 Use of dark fermentation tail liquid 6.6 Perspectives References Chapter-7---Thermochemical-processes-for-biohydr_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Bio 7. Thermochemical processes for biohydrogen production 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Hydrogen production technology 7.2.1 Hydrogen production technology from fossil energy 7.2.2 Hydrogen production technology by water electrolysis 7.2.3 Solar hydrogen production technology 7.2.4 Biomass hydrogen production technology 7.3 Thermochemical conversion hydrogen production technology 7.3.1 Pyrolysis 7.3.1.1 Pyrolysis mechanism 7.3.1.2 Pyrolysis reactor 7.3.2 Gasification 7.3.3 Supercritical water gasification 7.4 Hydrogen production technology by thermochemical conversion of waste 7.4.1 Agricultural and forestry waste 7.4.1.1 Composition and classification of agricultural and forestry waste 7.4.1.1.1 Representative composition (Carrier et al., 2011) 7.4.1.1.2 Classification and composition analysis 7.4.1.2 Progress in hydrogen production from agricultural and forestry waste by thermochemical conversion 7.4.2 Municipal solid waste 7.4.2.1 Characteristics and classification of municipal solid waste 7.4.2.2 Progress in hydrogen production from municipal solid waste by thermochemical conversion 7.4.3 Industrial waste 7.4.3.1 Characteristics and classification of industrial waste 7.4.3.2 Progress in hydrogen production from industrial waste by thermochemical conversion 7.4.4 Hydrogen production from other types of waste and multiple waste 7.5 Conclusion References Further reading Chapter-8---Photosynthetic-hydrogen-production-bact_2021_Waste-to-Renewable- 8. Photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria breeding technologies 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Hydrogen production by photolysis of water 8.1.2 Hydrogen production by dark fermentation 8.1.3 Hydrogen production by photosynthetic fermentation 8.2 Photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 8.2.1 Pure cultured photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 8.2.2 Mixed culture photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 8.2.2.1 Screening of mixed cultured hydrogen-producing photosynthetic bacteria 8.2.2.2 Natural microbes of Rhodospira 8.3 Growth characteristics of photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 8.3.1 Single-factor analysis of growth characteristics 8.3.1.1 Effect of spectrum 8.3.1.2 Effects of different nutrient elements 8.3.1.2.1 Carbon sources 8.3.1.2.2 Acetic acid concentration 8.3.1.2.3 Nitrogen source 8.3.1.2.4 Ammonium salt concentrations 8.3.2 Multifactor analysis of growth characteristics 8.3.2.1 Range analysis of orthogonal experiments 8.3.2.2 Variance analysis 8.4 Continuous culture system and device for photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 8.4.1 Continuous culture device of photosynthetic hydrogen production reactor 8.4.1.1 Overall design 8.4.1.2 Light system and culture medium delivery 8.4.1.3 Operation process control 8.4.1.4 Operation of continuous photosynthetic hydrogen production device 8.4.1.5 Features of the device 8.4.2 Anaerobic baffled reactor–type photosynthetic hydrogen production device 8.4.2.1 Overall design 8.4.2.2 Light source 8.4.2.3 Operation process control 8.5 Hydrogen production of photosynthetic bacteria 8.5.1 Effect of culture conditions on hydrogen production 8.5.2 Effect of nutrients on hydrogen production 8.5.2.1 Effects of different carbon sources 8.5.2.2 Effects of different acetic acid concentrations 8.5.2.3 Effects of different nitrogen sources 8.5.2.4 Effect of different nitrogen source concentrations 8.6 Conclusion References Chapter-9---Photosynthetic-biological-hydrogen-product_2021_Waste-to-Renewab 9. Photosynthetic biological hydrogen production reactors, systems, and process optimization 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Reactor type 9.2.1 Baffled reactor 9.2.2 Triangle flask 9.2.3 Tubular 9.2.4 Flat-type reactor 9.3 Systems and process optimization 9.3.1 Effect of hydraulic retention time on continuous hydrogen production 9.3.1.1 Effect of hydraulic retention time on characteristics of gas 9.3.1.2 Effect of hydraulic retention time on characteristics of fermentation broth 9.3.2 Effects of substrate concentration on continuous biohydrogen production 9.3.2.1 Effects of substrate concentration on characteristics of biohydrogen gas 9.3.2.2 Effects of substrate concentration on characteristics of fermentation broth 9.3.2.3 Effect of organic loading rate on biological hydrogen production 9.4 Conclusions and perspectives References Chapter-10---Spectral-coupling-characteristics-of-photo_2021_Waste-to-Renewa 10. Spectral coupling characteristics of photosynthetic biological hydrogen production system 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Absorption spectrum of photosynthetic hydrogen-producing bacteria 10.2.1 Morphological characteristics of photosynthetic bacteria 10.2.2 Absorption spectrum of mixed photosynthetic bacteria 10.2.3 Absorption spectrum of single strain 10.3 Spectral coupling characteristics for growth and hydrogen production of photosynthetic bacteria 10.4 Comparison of hydrogen production capacity under optimal spectrum 10.5 Absorbance of mixed photosynthetic hydrogen production bacteria 10.5.1 Photometric effect on photosynthetic hydrogen production 10.5.2 Photometric effect on optical energy conversion rate 10.6 Conclusion References Chapter-11---Photosynthetic-thermal-effect-of-biolog_2021_Waste-to-Renewable 11. Photosynthetic thermal effect of biological hydrogen production system 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Research on microbial thermodynamic model 11.2.1 Bacterial exponential growth kinetics 11.2.2 Logistic equation of bacterial growth 11.2.3 Bacterial linear growth kinetics model 11.2.4 Nonideal growth thermodynamic model 11.2.5 Metabolite inhibition model 11.3 Factors affecting photosynthetic heat effect of biological hydrogen production system 11.3.1 Initial temperature 11.3.2 Light intensity 11.3.3 Inoculation amount 11.3.4 Carbon source 11.3.5 Glucose concentration 11.3.6 Glucose access time 11.3.7 NH4+ concentration 11.4 Influence of thermal effect on hydrogen production 11.4.1 Influence on different initial temperatures on thermal effect hydrogen production 11.4.2 Effect of thermal effect on hydrogen production with different illuminations 11.4.3 Thermal effect on hydrogen production with different inoculations 11.4.4 Effect of on hydrogen production with different kinds of carbon 11.4.5 Thermal effect on hydrogen production with different concentrations of glucose 11.4.6 Thermal effect on hydrogen production with glucose in reactor at different times 11.4.7 Thermal effect on hydrogen production with different nitrogen concentrations 11.5 Conclusion References Chapter-12---Scale-up-and-design-of-biohydrogen-product_2021_Waste-to-Renewa 12. Scale-up and design of biohydrogen production reactor from laboratory scale to industrial scale 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Circumfluent cylindrical reactor for hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria 12.2.1 Structure of circumfluent cylindrical reactor 12.2.2 Operation characteristics of circumfluence cylindrical reactor for hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria 12.3 Critical factor of photoreactor for hydrogen production 12.3.1 Anaerobic condition and illumination 12.3.2 Material of reactor and illumination 12.3.3 Photosynthetic pigment adsorption and light absorption 12.3.4 Insulation and illumination 12.3.5 Light source and temperature control 12.4 Design of large and medium-scale photoreactor 12.4.1 Interior light source 12.4.2 Multipoint light source distribution model 12.4.3 Enhance mixing and mass transfer by improving the reactor structure 12.4.4 Remove pigment from lighting surface 12.4.5 Provide light by sunlight and an artificial cold light source 12.5 Design of photoreactor with interior light source and multipoint light source distribution 12.5.1 Operation mode of photoreactor with interior light source and multipoint light source distribution 12.5.2 Design of sunlight collector and transmission unit 12.5.3 Measurement of optical path in solution of substrate for hydrogen production 12.5.4 Structure type of reactor 12.6 Conclusions References Index_2021_Waste-to-Renewable-Biohydrogen Index A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W Waste to Renewable Biohydrogen: Volume 1: Advances in Theory and Experiments provides a comprehensive overview of the advances, processes and technologies for waste treatment to hydrogen production. It introduces and compares the most widely adopted and most promising technologies, such as dark fermentation, thermochemical and photosynthetic processes. In this part, potential estimation, feasibility analysis, feedstock pretreatment, advanced waste-to-biohydrogen processes and each individual systems element are examined. The book delves into the theoretical and experimental studies for the design and optimization of different waste-to-biohydrogen processes and systems. Covering several advanced waste-to-biohydrogen pretreatment and production processes, this book investigates the future trends and the promising pathways for biohydrogen production from waste. Discusses the potential, feasibility, progress, challenges and prospect of waste-to-biohydrogen technologies Explores the most promising waste-to-biohydrogen technologies including dark fermentation, thermochemical and photosynthetic processes Investigate the mechanisms and the effects of the influential factors on different waste-to-biohydrogen processes