Warsaw Pact Intervention in the Third World: Aid and Influence in the Cold War (International Library of Twentieth Century History)

"It was long assumed that the Soviet Union dictated Warsaw Pact policy in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America (known as the 'Third World' during the Cold War). Although the post-1991 opening of archives has demonstrated this to be untrue, there has still been no holistic volume examining the topic in detail. Such a comprehensive and nuanced treatment is virtually impossible for the individual scholar thanks to the linguistic and practical difficulties in satisfactorily covering all of the so-called 'junior members' of the Warsaw Pact. This important book fills that void and examines the agency of these states - Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania - and their international interactions during the 'discovery' of the 'Third World' from the 1950s to the 1970s. Building upon recent scholarship and working from a diverse range of new archival sources, contributors study the diplomacy of the eastern and central European communist states to reveal their myriad motivations and goals (importantly often in direct conflict with Soviet directives). This work, the first revisionist review of the role of the junior members as a whole, will be of interest to all scholars of the Cold War, whatever their geographical focus."--Page 4 of cover. Cover Title Copyright Contents List of Tables Preface Notes on Contributors Introduction Part I. The Re-Discovery of the Third World Part II. ‘Intermediaries’: Spies, Journalists, Doctors, Teachers and Diplomats in the Third World Part III. Money and Influence: Diplomacy, Trade and Aid Part I: The Re-Discovery of the Third World 1. Ulbricht, Nasser and Khrushchev: The GDR’s Search for Diplomatic Recognition and the Suez Crisis, 1956 Chasing Sovereignty, German-Style Ulbricht’s Frustration The Suez Crisis–an East German Opportunity? Conclusion 2. Reassuring Comrades and Courting the Non-Aligned: Poland, the 1957 Goodwill Tour in Asia and the Post-October Diplomacy Engaging Asia Reassuring Allies and Shaping the Bloc: Cyrankiewicz in the Far East Counting on Non-Alignment? Cyrankiewicz in South East Asia Conclusion 3. ‘They are as Businesslike on that side of the Iron Curtain as they are on this’: Czechoslovakia and British Guiana Stalinism and the Early Thaw, 1948–58 Latin American Communism Ascendant, 1959–63 Czechoslovak Decline; Guianese Disaster, 1964–6 Conclusion 4. The Third World as Strategic Option: Romanian Relations with Developing States Small-State Theory and Third World Activism The Six Day War and its Aftermath Before and After the October War The Third World in Romanian Strategy Part II: ‘Intermediaries’: Spies, Journalists, Doctors, Teachers and Diplomats in the Third World 5. Cold War on the Cheap: Soviet and Czechoslovak Intelligence in the Congo, 1960–3 The KGB–StB Mission in Le ́opoldville, 1960 Arms for Gizenga, 1961 Czechoslovak Plans for the Congo, 1962–4 Conclusion 6. Press, Propaganda and the German Democratic Republic’s Search for Recognition in Tanzania, 1964–72 The Inter-German Cold War Comes to Tanzania The ADN and the Nationalist Tanzanian Politics, Cold War Interventions and the GDR Exploiting West German Policy in Southern Africa Conclusion 7. Medicine, Economics and Foreign Policy: East German Medical Academics in the Global South during the 1950s and 1960s Official Policy and Personal Motivation Medical Research Trade in Pharmaceutical Products Conclusion 8. Lost Illusions: The Limits of Communist Poland’s Involvement in Cold War Africa Gomułka’s Phase: Economic Opportunities vs. Ideological Principles Gierek’s Phase: Support for Anti-Colonial Movements and the Development of Economic Ties Conclusion Part III: Money and Influence: Diplomacy, Aid and Trade 9. Romania Blocks Mongolia’s Accession to the Warsaw Treaty Organization: The Roots of Romania’s Involvement in the Sino–Soviet Dispute Introduction Mongolia’s Request for Admission Secret Romanian–Soviet Talks Conclusion 10. Czechoslovak Assistance to Kenya and Uganda, 1962–8 Czechoslovak Relations with Kenya Prior to Independence Czechoslovak Relations with Uganda Prior to Independence Foreign Military Aid to Kenya and Uganda Unfulfilled Expectations Conclusion 11. Unfulfilled Promised Lands: Missed Potentials in Relations between Hungary and the Countries of the Middle East, 1955–75 Diplomatic Relations Before the 1956 Revolution The 1956 Revolution in the Mirror of Middle Eastern Relations Relations After the End of Diplomatic Isolation Relations with Israel Economic Relations: When the East becomes ‘West’ ‘Special Goods’ Conclusion 12. Bulgarian Military and Humanitarian Aid to Third World Countries: 1955–75 The Middle East Asia Africa Latin America Conclusion Conclusion Select Bibliography Index "It was long assumed that the Soviet Union dictated Warsaw Pact policy in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America (known as the 'Third World' during the Cold War). Although the post-1991 opening of archives has demonstrated this to be untrue, there has still been no holistic volume examining the topic in detail. Such a comprehensive and nuanced treatment is virtually impossible for the individual scholar thanks to the linguistic and practical difficulties in satisfactorily covering all of the so-called 'junior members' of the Warsaw Pact. This important book fills that void and examines the agency of these states - Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania - and their international interactions during the 'discovery' of the 'Third World' from the 1950s to the 1970s. Building upon recent scholarship and working from a diverse range of new archival sources, contributors study the diplomacy of the eastern and central European communist states to reveal their myriad motivations and goals (importantly often in direct conflict with Soviet directives). This work, the first revisionist review of the role of the junior members as a whole, will be of interest to all scholars of the Cold War, whatever their geographical focus."-- Provided by publisher