Warfare and Violence in the Iron Age of Southern France (BAR International Series)

"This study aims to identify patterns of warfare in the southern French Iron Age through examination of the documentary, settlement, iconographic and osteological evidence for warfare in this region, each within its chronological context and in tandem with one another. The Iron Age of southern France remains relatively unknown in the English-speaking archaeological world. The best known aspects of the archaeological material suggest a society in which warfare was an overriding preoccupation. Major, fortified centres, such as Entremont and Saint-Blaise, and the tradition of 'warrior statues' like those from Entremont and Roquepertuse, suggest that conflict was a recurrent theme. Literary sources, such as Poseidonius have described the indigenous populations of this area as a volatile and warlike people who took the heads of their enemies from the battlefield and displayed or preserved them in their settlements. Finds of skulls, some with nails still embedded in the bone, appear to verify such reports. The pattern of warfare which emerges from this analysis is then discussed within some of the more prominent models of social-anthropological study. This case study offers a more nuanced and contextual interpretation of warfare in the southern French Iron Age and demonstrates how, if treated as a form of social interaction, rather than a breakdown in social norms, might be integrated into wider archaeological interpretations of social and political change"--Publisher's web site. 01 PRELIMS 02 ONE 03 CHAPTER TWO 04_CHAPTER_THREE 05_CHAPTER_FOUR 06_CHAPTER_5 07 CHAPTER 6 08CHAPTER_SEVEN 09_CHAPTER_EIGHT 10 Appendices 11 Bibliography Front Cover Title Page Copyright Preface Acknowledgements Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO WARFARE CHAPTER 3: THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SOUTHERN FRENCH IRON AGE CHAPTER 4: THE DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE CHAPTER 5: THE SETTLEMENT EVIDENCE CHAPTER SIX: THE ICONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE CHAPTER SEVEN: THE OSTEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE CHAPTER EIGHT: DISCUSSION CONCLUSION APPENDIX 1: CALCULATING HOUSEHOLD SIZE APPENDIX 2: DEFENSIVE INTENTION FROM THE SIZE AND STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF THE FORTIFICATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY