War And Suicide (psychiatry-theory, Applications, And Treatments)

Suicidal behaviour is a critical problem in the military, among civilians during a war and among returning war veterans. Millions of people around the world were involved in many wars and military conflicts during the past 100 years. Nowadays, suicidal behaviour is a critical problem among soldiers and marines deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and returning war veterans. The U.S. Army's top Medical Officer has been reported as saying that commanders are seeking ways to address the alarming increase in suicides, including looking to their counterparts in the Air Force and in civilian agencies. This book is dedicated to the relationship between war and suicidal behaviour. The relationship between war and suicide is perplex. Understanding the impact of war on suicidal behaviour in the military, among civilians and war veterans is an important challenge for future research. This book is of interest to physicians, psychologists, other clinicians, experts in public health management, military people and war veterans. WAR AND SUICIDE......Page 3 WAR AND SUICIDE......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 7 PREFACE......Page 9 PART I: WAR, HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SUICIDE......Page 11 INTRODUCTION......Page 13 WARS ON THE WORLD MAP......Page 14 CAUSES OF WAR......Page 15 AGGRESSION......Page 16 ANTHROPOLOGY OF VIOLENCE......Page 18 BORDERLINE CULTURE......Page 19 PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR......Page 20 FAMILY AND CHILDREN......Page 21 MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSION......Page 22 WHY WAR, AGAIN?......Page 23 REFERENCES......Page 24 ABSTRACT......Page 27 1. INTRODUCTION: AS WAR CHANGES, A MAN CHANGES......Page 28 2. FOR THE BENEFIT OF YOU, ME, US IN TIMES OF CRISIS......Page 30 3. WHEN WAR AND CHILDHOOD OVERLAP......Page 31 4. THE WAR IS OVER. NOW WHAT?......Page 32 REFERENCES......Page 34 ABSTRACT......Page 37 INTRODUCTION......Page 38 RATIONALE AND METHODOLOGY......Page 39 WAR AND SUICIDE......Page 40 TREATMENT OF SUICIDE......Page 43 DISCUSSION......Page 46 REFERENCES......Page 49 ABSTRACT......Page 53 INTRODUCTION......Page 54 CONCLUSION......Page 62 REFERENCE......Page 63 INTRODUCTION......Page 67 THE 1991-1995 HOMELAND WAR AND SUICIDE......Page 68 CONCLUSION......Page 70 REFERENCES......Page 71 INTRODUCTION......Page 73 THEORETICAL MODELS OF SUICIDE IN WARTIME......Page 74 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECT OF WAR ON CIVILIAN SUICIDE RATES......Page 75 THE ACTIONS OF COVARIATES IN MEDIATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAR AND SUICIDE RATES......Page 76 THE AVAILABILITY OF LETHAL MEANS IN WARTIME......Page 77 DIFFICULTIES IN RESEARCHING SUICIDE IN WARTIME......Page 78 REFERENCES......Page 79 INTRODUCTION......Page 83 THE FOUR LAYERS IN DURKHEIM’S THEORY OF SUICIDE......Page 84 HALBWACHS ON SUICIDE......Page 85 SUICIDE STATISTICS FOR THE NETHERLANDS......Page 86 THE ACCURACY OF DUTCH SUICIDE STATISTICS......Page 87 AN ULTRA-BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS AND ITS JEWISH POPULATION......Page 90 SUICIDES BY PERSONS SUSPECTED OF POLITICAL CRIMES, 1944 TO 1947......Page 93 SUICIDES BY JEWISH PERSONS, 1940-1943......Page 95 SUICIDES BY NON-JEWS 1940-1945......Page 99 CONCLUSION......Page 100 LITERATURE......Page 101 PART II: STRESS AND SUICIDE......Page 103 ABSTRACT......Page 105 INTRODUCTION......Page 106 NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SUICIDE......Page 108 ENVIRONMENT AND SUICIDE......Page 113 STRESS, SUICIDE AND MENTAL DISORDERS......Page 114 REFERENCES......Page 116 ABSTRACT......Page 123 INTRODUCTION......Page 124 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 126 RESULTS......Page 127 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PTSD......Page 129 PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR SUICIDE IN PTSD......Page 131 NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE RISK IN PTSD......Page 134 A POSSIBLE PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL......Page 137 THERAPY AND SUICIDE PREVENTION......Page 138 CONCLUSIONS......Page 140 REFERENCES......Page 142 INTRODUCTION......Page 151 MEDICALIZATION AND PTSD......Page 153 MEDICAL VIEW......Page 154 SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEW......Page 155 INTEGRATION OF MEDICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL MODELS......Page 157 REFERENCES......Page 159 PART III: WAR AND CHILDREN......Page 165 ABSTRACT......Page 167 2. PTSD AND CO-MORBIDITIES......Page 168 3. BIOLOGICAL STRESS SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPING ORGANISM......Page 169 4. A FOCUS ON THE EFFECTS OF WAR......Page 171 5. POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 174 REFERENCES......Page 176 INTRODUCTION......Page 183 METHODS......Page 184 CONCLUSION......Page 185 REFERENCES......Page 186 PART IV: PHYSICAL INJURY AND SUICIDE......Page 189 ABSTRACT......Page 191 COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY......Page 192 PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AND COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY......Page 193 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY......Page 194 AMPUTATION......Page 195 CASTRATION AND GENITAL MUTILATION......Page 196 REFERENCES......Page 197 INTRODUCTION......Page 199 CIVILIAN-ACQUIRED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 200 DEPLOYMENT-ACQUIRED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 202 THEORY-BASED SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT INCORPORATING SUICIDE AND REHABILITATION LITERATURES......Page 204 REFERENCES......Page 207 ABSTRACT......Page 213 PRE-INJURY PROBLEMS......Page 214 POST-INJURY PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS......Page 215 SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS......Page 216 COMPLETED SUICIDE......Page 217 RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDALITY......Page 218 PREVENTING SUICIDE......Page 220 REFERENCES......Page 223 PART V: SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS......Page 229 INTRODUCTION......Page 231 TERMINOLOGY......Page 232 STUDIES OF DISCHARGED PERSONNEL......Page 233 STUDIES OF VETERANS OF SPECIFIC CONFLICTS......Page 236 PREVENTING SUICIDE IN VETERANS......Page 239 CONCLUSION......Page 240 REFERENCES......Page 241 INTRODUCTION......Page 245 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS......Page 246 RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS......Page 248 METHODS USED BY FOR SUICIDE BY WAR VETERANS......Page 251 PREVENTION OF SUICIDE......Page 252 REFERENCES......Page 254 ABSTRACT......Page 259 INTRODUCTION......Page 260 INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE: AN OVERVIEW......Page 261 INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE AS APPLIED TO WAR VETERANS......Page 263 CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTERPERSONAL- PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY......Page 268 CONCLUSION......Page 269 REFERENCES......Page 270 ABSTRACT......Page 275 POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER......Page 276 MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER......Page 277 THE CONCEPT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER......Page 278 THE CONCEPT OF PTMD AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS......Page 280 REFERENCES......Page 282 INTRODUCTION......Page 287 PART 1: TRAUMA......Page 288 PART 2: RESILIENCE......Page 290 PART 3: NEW TERRITORY......Page 291 EPILOGUE......Page 294 INDEX......Page 295 Understanding human behavior during war / Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Saveta Draganic-Gajic, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic People act, people make wars, people react : understanding human behavior during war / Marco Sarchiapone ... [et al.] War, massive social change, and suicide / Said Shahtahmasebi War and depression / Amra Zalihic, Dino Zalihic Mental disorder, war, and suicide / Chaslav Loncar, Tomislav Franic They also serve who only stand and wait : suicide in wartime civilian populations / Wally Barr, Maria Leitner The Netherlands and World War II, Jews, and suicide / Wout Ultee, Ruud Luijkx, Frank van Tubergen Stress and suicidal behavior / Eduardo J. Aguilar, Samuel G. Siris, Enrique Baca-García Post traumatic stress disorder and suicidal behavior / Maurizio Pompili ... [et al.] Medicalization of distress : pros and cons / Edith vant Hof, Dan J. Stein Bio-behavioral consequences of traumatic stress in childhood and adolescence : the effects of war on children's mental health, growth, and development / Panagiota Pervanidou, Gerasimos Kolaitis, George P. Chrousos Trauma and posttraumatic stress in child soldiers of World War II / Philipp Kuwert, Harald J. Freyberger Combat related physical injury and suicidal behavior / Abel Koshy Deployment-acquired TBI and suicidality : risk and assessment / Lisa A. Brenner, Beeta Y. Homaifar Preventing suicidal behavior after traumatic brain injury / Arja Mainio Suicide in veterans / David While, Navneet Kapur Suicidal behavior in war veterans / Sandeep Grover The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviors as an explanation of suicide among war veterans / Lindsey L. Monteith ... [et al.] The concept of post-traumatic mood disorder and its relation to suicidal behavior in war veterans / Leo Sher Locating now : on historical trauma and the confusion of identity / Shelly Ben David.