War and peace in the 20th century and beyond : proceedings of the Nobel Centennial Symposium ; [held December, 6-11th, in Oslo

At the turn of the 21st Century, the world was immediately gripped by the War on Terrorism followed by the Iraq War. In reflection, the 20th Century was a period marked by tremendous technological and economic progress — but it was also the most violent century in human history. It witnessed two horrendous world wars, as well as the conflicts during the Cold War. Why do wars persistently erupt among nations, particularly the Great Powers? What are the primary factors that drive nations to violence — power, prestige, ideology or territory? Or is it motivated by pure fear and mistrust? Peering nervously at the 21st Century, we wonder whether American supremacy and globalization will help ensure peace and stability. Or will shifts in power with the emergence of new economic super-nations lead to further tensions and conflicts in this century? Together with 29 Peace Nobel laureates, an outstanding group of scholars gathered in Oslo, Norway, on December 6, 2001, for the three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium to discuss ''The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century''. Read this book for the scholars' candid insights and analyses, as well as their thought-provoking views on the factors that led to conflicts in the 20th Century and whether the 21st Century will be a more peaceful one. This is a rare — and possibly the best and only — book compilation of the highly intellectual analyses by world experts and Nobel Peace laureates on the perennial issues of War & Peace. Contents......Page 6 Notes on Contributors......Page 8 Introduction: The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century......Page 11 Dialogue and Cooperation to Achieve World Peace......Page 29 War and Peace in the 20th Century......Page 35 Ideologies and Polities: Liberal Democracy and National Dictatorship in Peace and War......Page 51 Nationalism and Dictatorship and War......Page 55 Liberty Democracy and Peace......Page 61 Democratic Liberal Internationalism......Page 64 Liberal Ideals Commercial Interests and Popular Institutions: The Kantian Difference......Page 75 Making Sense of Political Violence in Postcolonial Africa......Page 81 Thinking through the Holocaust: The Violence of the Settler......Page 83 Legal and Political Identities......Page 88 Rwanda: A Metaphor for Political Violence......Page 95 The History of Violence between Hutu and Tutsi......Page 99 Political Identities and the Nationalist Revolution......Page 100 The Civil War and the Genocide......Page 103 Political Power and Political Identity......Page 106 A Cautionary Introduction......Page 111 Economic Reductionism and Causal Ambiguities......Page 114 Indirect Connections and Complex Processes......Page 116 Wars Famines and Destitution......Page 118 The Delusion of Civilizational Partitions......Page 122 Concluding Remarks......Page 126 The Rise and Fall of Great Powers......Page 131 Balance or Hegemony?......Page 134 The Distribution of Power in the Global Information Age......Page 150 Introduction......Page 155 Militarism Arms Races and Arms Control in the Period Before the End of the Cold War......Page 158 Netforce: Informal or Privatised armed forces......Page 165 The New American Militarism......Page 170 Neo-Modern Militarism......Page 176 Protectionforce:Peace-Keeping/Peace-Enforcement......Page 178 Controlling War?......Page 181 Introduction......Page 187 Wars in the 20th Century: An Overview......Page 191 Beyond Territorial War?......Page 199 Introduction......Page 209 Globalization and Mistrust among Civilizations......Page 211 The Development of Cross-cultural Dialogue......Page 216 The Cultural Significance of the Second World War......Page 219 Sharing (and Dividing) the Planet......Page 221 Cultural Internationalism......Page 223 The Role of International Organizations......Page 225 Conclusions......Page 228 The Past and the Future......Page 231 A Better Organized and More Peaceful World......Page 232 Human Rights in a New Century......Page 236 The Humanitarian Challenge......Page 239 "Reduction of Standing Armies"......Page 241 New Dimensions to the Peace Prize......Page 243 Conclusions......Page 246 Index......Page 249 "This beautifully produced and edited volume presents a fascinating collection of essays structured around the objectives engendered by the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize ... this ensemble of contributions provides an excellent insight into the evolution of thinking about war and peace. As a reflection upon these crucial issues, it is readable, informative and highly recommended." Journal of Peace Research At the turn of the 21st Century, the world was immediately gripped by the War on Terrorism followed by the Iraq War. In reflection, the 20th Century was a period marked by tremendous technological and economic progress -- but it was also the most violent century in human history. It witnessed two horrendous world wars, as well as the conflicts during the Cold War. Why do wars persistently erupt among nations, particularly the Great Powers? What are the primary factors that drive nations to violence -- power, prestige, ideology or territory? Or is it motivated by pure fear and mistrust? Peering nervously at the 21st Century, we wonder whether American supremacy and globalization will help ensure peace and stability. Or will shifts in power with the emergence of new economic super-nations lead to further tensions and conflicts in this century? Together with 29 Peace Nobel laureates, an outstanding group of scholars gathered in Oslo, Norway, on December 6, 2001, for the three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium to discuss "The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century". Read this book for the scholars' candid insights and analyses, as well as their thought-provoking views on the factors that led to conflicts in the 20th Century and whether the 21st Century will be a more peaceful one. This is a rare -- and possibly the best and only -- book compilation of the highly intellectual analyses by world experts and Nobel Peace laureates on the perennial issues of War & Peace. At the turn of the 21st century, the world was immediately gripped by the war on terrorism followed by the Iraq War. In reflection, the 20th century was a period marked by tremendous technological and economic progress - but it was also the most violent century in human history. It witnessed two horrendous world wars, as well as the conflicts during the Cold War. Why do wars persistently erupt among nations, particularly the Great Powers? What are the primary factors that drive nations to violence - power, prestige, ideology or territory? Or is it motivated by pure fear and mistrust? Peering nervously at the 21st century, we wonder whether American supremacy and globalization will help ensure peace and stability. Or will shifts in power with the emergence of new economic super-nations lead to further tensions and conflicts in this century? Together with 29 Peace Nobel laureates, an outstanding group of scholars gathered in Oslo, Norway, on December 6, 2001, for the three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium to discuss "The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century". Read this book for the scholars' candid insights and analyses, as well as their thought-provoking views on the factors that led to conflicts in the 20th century and whether the 21st century will be a more peaceful one. This is a rare - and possibly the best and only - book compilation of the highly intellectual analyses by world experts and Nobel Peace laureates on the perennial issues of war and peace International Scholars Gathered In Oslo On December 6, 2001, For The Three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium On The Conflicts Of The 20th Century And The Solutions For The 21st Century. Counting Some Of The World's Leading Historians, Anthropologists, Economists, And Political Scientists, The Conference Offered A Unique Opportunity To Discuss Why The 20th Century Was Ridden By So Much Conflict And How The 21st Century May Become A More Peaceful One.--jacket. Introduction: The Conflicts Of The 20th Century And The Solutions For The 21st Century / Geir Lundestad & Olav Njølstad -- Dialogue And Cooperation To Achieve World Peace / Kim Dae-jung -- War And Peace In The 20th Century / Eric Hobsbawm -- Ideologies And Polities : Liberal Democracy And National Dictatorship In Peace And War / Michael W. Doyle -- Making Sense Of Political Violence In Postcolonial Africa / Mahmood Mamdani -- Global Inequity And Persistent Conflicts / Amartya Sen -- The Rise And Fall Of Great Powers / Joseph S. Nye -- Beyond Militarism, Arms Races And Arms Control / Mary Kaldor -- Rivalry Over Territory And Resources And The Balance Of Peace And War : The 20th Century / Louis Fawcett -- Misperception, Mistrust, Fear / Akira Iriye -- The Nobel Peace Prize In Its Next Century : Old And New Dimensions / Geir Lundestad. Editors, Geir Lundestad And Olav Njølstad. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Annotation. Together with 29 former Peace Prize laureates this outstanding group of international scholars gathered in Oslo on December 6, 2001, for the three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium on "The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century." Counting some of the world's leading historians, anthropologists, economists, and political scientists, the conference offered a unique opportunity to discuss why the 20th century was ridden by so much conflict and how the 21st century may become a more peaceful one Together with 29 former Peace Prize laureates, a group of international scholars gathered in Oslo in December 2001, for a three-day Nobel Centennial Symposium on "The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century". This volume contains the proceedings of the conference.