Walking the Tightrope of Reason : The Precarious Life of a Rational Animal

Human beings are both supremely rational and deeply superstitious, capable of believing just about anything and of questioning just about everything. Indeed, just as our reason demands that we know the truth, our skepticism leads to doubts we can ever really do so. In Walking the Tightrope of Reason, Robert J. Fogelin guides readers through a contradiction that lies at the very heart of philosophical inquiry. Fogelin argues that our rational faculties insist on a purely rational account of the universe, yet at the same time, the inherent limitations of these faculties ensure that we will never fully satisfy that demand. As a result of being driven to this point of paradox, we either comfort ourselves with what Kant called ""metaphysical illusions"" or adopt a stance of radical skepticism. No middle ground seems possible and, as Fogelin shows, skepticism, even though a healthy dose of it is essential for living a rational life, ""has an inherent tendency to become unlimited in its scope, with the result that the edifice of rationality is destroyed."" In much Postmodernist thought, for example, skepticism takes the extreme form of absolute relativism, denying the basis for any value distinctions and treating all truth-claims as equally groundless. How reason avoids disgracing itself, walking a fine line between dogmatic belief and self-defeating doubt, is the question Fogelin seeks to answer. Reflecting upon the ancient Greek skeptics as well as such thinkers as Hume, Kant, Wittgenstein, Nietzsche, and Whitman, this book takes readers into--and through--some of philosophy's most troubling paradoxes. In Walking The Tightrope Of Reason, Robert J. Fogelin Guides Readers Through A Contradiction That Lies At The Very Heart Of Philosophical Inquiry. Fogelin Argues That Our Rational Faculties Insist On A Purely Rational Account Of The Universe, Yet At The Same Time, The Inherent Limitations Of These Faculties Ensure That We Will Never Fully Satisfy That Demand. As A Result Of Being Driven To This Point Of Paradox, We Either Comfort Ourselves With What Kant Called Metaphysical Illusions Or Adopt A Stance Of Radical Skepticism. No Middle Ground Seems Possible And, As Fogelin Shows, Skepticism, Even Though A Healthy Dose Of It Is Essential For Living A Rational Life, Has An Inherent Tendency To Become Unlimited In Its Scope, With The Result That The Edifice Of Rationality Is Destroyed. In Much Postmodernist Thought, For Example, Skepticism Takes The Extreme Form Of Absolute Relativism, Denying The Basis For Any Value Distinctions And Treating All Truth-claims As Equally Groundless. How Reason Avoids Disgracing Itself, Walking A Fine Line Between Dogmatic Belief And Self-defeating Doubt, Is The Question Fogelin Seeks To Answer.--jacket. Why Obey The Laws Of Logic? -- Dilemmas And Paradoxes -- Pure Reason And Its Illusions -- Skepticism -- Modest Responses To These Challenges -- Matters Of Taste -- Last Words. Robert Fogelin. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [189]-194) And Index. Humans are both supremely rational and deeply superstitious, capable of believing just about anything and of questioning just about everything. Indeed, just as our reason demands that we know the truth, our skepticism leads to doubts we can ever really do so. The author guides readers through a contradiction that lies at the very heart of philosophical inquiry Robert Fogelin'se mediation on the paradox of logic and reasoning leads us through the history of ideas, lightly touching on the Greeks, Hume, Kant, and Wittgenstein, and its current form in the debates called ""the culture wars"". In the end, he says, knowledge is possible, if we adjust our sense of the limits of reason To the best of my knowledge (and somewhat to my surprise), Aristotle never actually says that man is a rational animal.