Volatiles in magmas : [Volatiles in Magmas Course ... Napa Valley Sheraton Hotel in California, Dec. 2-4, 1994

Volcanic-gas Studies: Methods, Results, And Applications / R.b. Symonds [and Others] -- Analytical Methods For Volatiles In Glasses / P.d. Ihinger, R.l. Hervig & P.f. Mcmillan -- Development Of The Burnham Model For Prediction Of H2o Solubility In Magmas / C.w. Burnham -- Water Solubility And Speciation Models / P.f. Mcmillan --experimental Studies Of Carbon Dioxide In Silicate Melts: Solubility, Speciation, And Stable Carbon Isotope Behavior / J.g. Blank & R.a. Brooker -- Application Of Experimental Results To C-o-h Species In Natural Melts / J.r. Holloway & J.g Blank -- Solubilities Of Sulfur, Noble Gases, Nitrogen, Chlorine, And Fluorine In Magmas / M.r. Carroll & J.d. Webster -- Pre-eruptive Volatile Contents Of Magmas / M.c. Johnson, A.t. Anderson, Jr. & M.j. Rutherford -- The Effect Of H2o, Co2 And F On The Density And Viscosity Of Silicate Melts / R.a. Lange -- Diffusion In Volatile-bearing Magmas / E.b. Watson -- Physical Aspects Of Magmatic Degassing: I. Experimental And Theroretical Constraints Of Vesiculation / R.s.j. Sparks [and Others] -- Physical Aspects Of Magmatic Degassing: Ii. Constraints Of Vesiculation Processes From Textural Studies Of Eruptive Products / K.v. Cashman & M.t. Mangan -- Earth Degassing And Large-scale Geochemical Cycling Of Volatile Elements / A. Jambon. Editors, Michael R. Carroll, John R. Holloway. Includes Bibliographical References. Page 1 Titles REVIEWS in MINERALOGY Volume 30 VOLATILES IN Editors: Michael R. Carroll University of Bristol John R. Holloway Arizona State University Mineralogical Society of America Page 1 Titles Volume 30: VOLATILES IN MAGMAS Page 1 Titles iv Page 2 Titles v Page 3 Titles vi Page 1 Titles Volatiles in Magmas Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 30 iii Page 1 Titles VOLATILES IN MAGMAS vii Page 2 Titles ~~~:~~i.:~.~::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 viii Page 3 Titles ix Page 4 Titles x Page 5 Titles COZ 216 xi Page 6 Titles xii Page 7 Titles xiii Page 8 Titles DIFFUSION IN VOLATILE-BEARING MAGMAS xiv Page 9 Titles xv Page 10 Titles xvi Page 11 Page 12 Page 1 Titles Chapter 1 VOLCANIC-GAS STUDIES: METHODS, RESULTS, AND APPLICATIONS Robert B. Symondst, William I. Rose2, Gregg J. S. Bluth2 Page 2 Titles 2 :1-··-··-~~~·~2:~~,~·:S~=~j .3 Page 3 Titles 3 (6) Page 4 Titles 4 Page 5 Titles 5 Page 6 Titles 6 : Tables Table 1 Page 7 Titles 7 Tables Table 1 Page 8 Titles 8 ............ CO Common causes of disequilibrium Tables Table 1 Page 9 Titles 9 Page 10 Titles Restoration procedure Tables Table 1 Page 11 Titles 11 .' .. Page 12 Titles 12 _ (I/>co,nco, )(I/>H,sn H,S )K15 (20) n cos - -~--=-:-~-=----''-:--- I/>cos (I/>Hpn Hp) Page 13 Page 14 Titles 14 Symonds, Rose, Bluth & Gerlach: Volcanic-Gas Studies EL I ! ! I I I ! I ! ! ! ! I ! I I I I I I I 8383388 0000000 -("f")-_oooor­ 0000000 ~~('f")o\""':~('t') 0000000 0000000 o\~o\oO""':o\o\ - - u; e - c: - Cii - c: - Initial kinetic energy (eV) Page 19 Tables Table 1 Page 20 Page 21 Titles o .. , en «, .,... - Tables Table 1 Page 22 Titles - aP; F (ppm) ~ - s . F (ppm) Page 23 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 89 ... c CI (ppm) Applications to volatile contents in silicate glasses: Sulfur Page 24 Titles Sulfur calibration Tables Table 1 Page 25 Page 26 REV030C002_p93-122.pdf Page 1 Titles ( dμ) ;e o. (3) tl.!lr r, (5) Page 2 Titles 94 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Wavelength (μm) o. ~ o. o o Wavenumber Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Tables Table 1 Page 6 Titles 98 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Page 7 Titles (6) a=..!.ln1o =...!!..!!_(dμ)2 (9) Page 8 Page 9 Titles r Page 10 Titles 102 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Tables Table 1 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Tables Table 1 Page 14 Tables Table 1 Page 15 Titles 18.02xA Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Titles ot v) = el>(v) (16) Nlo(v) 'dO °dO I =NI dO" =NI (vo-v/ (da)2 (18) Page 20 Titles b s Idn 0 REFERENCES Page 21 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 113 Page 22 Titles 114 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Page 23 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 115 Page 24 Titles 116 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Page 25 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 117 Page 26 Titles 118 Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses Page 27 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 119 Page 28 Page 29 Titles Ihinger, Hervig & McMillan: Analytical Methods for Volatiles in Glasses 121 Page 30 Page 1 Titles CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE BURNHAM MODEL Page 2 Titles 124 Page 3 Titles 125 900 8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Page 4 Titles Burnham: H20 Solubility Models 126 (5) (7) Tables Table 1 Page 5 Titles 127 Tables Table 1 Page 6 Titles 128 Page 7 Titles Burnham: H20 Solubility Models 129 Page 8 Page 1 Titles Chapter 4 WATER SOLUBILITY AND SPECIATION MODELS Paul F. McMillan Page 2 Titles 132 Page 3 Titles 133 - .. ... Page 4 Titles 134 Q o Page 5 Titles 135 Hp (ft) ~ Hp (m), Page 6 Titles 136 McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Page 7 Titles 137 Page 8 Titles 138 (b) v 1(' ~I¥ Page 9 Titles 139 r .. • • (em-I> Page 10 Titles 140 Infrared Page 11 Titles 141 Page 12 Titles 142 Tables Table 1 Page 13 Titles 143 o Page 14 Titles 144 Albite - .: Tables Table 1 Page 15 Titles McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models 145 \ \. ""H / / \ ~ / \ / \ . D\ / \ / ....... < '/ Tables Table 1 Page 16 Titles 146 Page 17 Titles 147 "- I _AI c\ / \ 1/ 0 T Page 18 Titles 148 Page 19 Titles 149 Page 20 Titles 150 . ~ (6) [OH-f Q = [Hp][02-], Page 21 Titles 151 Page 22 Titles 152 McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models CONCLUSION REFERENCES Page 23 Titles McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models 153 Page 24 Titles 154 McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models Page 25 Titles McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models 155 Page 26 Titles 156 McMillan: Water Solubility and Speciation Models Page 1 Page 2 Titles 158 Page 3 Titles Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts 159 Page 4 Titles 160 Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts Page 5 Titles Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts 161 10 0.1 ~ ~ 0.01 o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Pressure (kbars) o Temperature (0C) Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 6 Titles 162 Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts 7 5 .... o u 3 ~ 2 Page 7 Titles Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts 163 4 0'" :E 2 Page 8 Titles 164 ... o o Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Page 9 Titles 165 Page 10 Titles 166 Tables Table 1 Page 11 Titles 167 Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 12 Tables Table 1 Page 13 Titles 169 Page 14 Titles 170 '" " Page 15 Titles Blank & Brooker: Carbon Dioxide in Silicate Melts 171 Page 16 Titles 172 Page 17 Titles 173 b Page 18 Titles 174 Page 19 Page 20 Titles 176 STABLE ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION Page 21 Titles 177 Tables Table 1 Page 22 Titles 178 Page 23 Titles 179 Page 24 Titles 180 ---------- ~ o Ng"'''O '" ~ .., ~ "d' v ~860.~ ec ~. . == = . ~ Kg Page 9 Titles • o~ • (k .: -" ,f.:~ ~ ",. I K20 (wt. %) Tables Table 1 Page 10 Page 11 Tables Table 1 Page 12 Page 13 Titles MORB o I ;€ Tables Table 1 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Titles MORB Tables Table 1 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Titles a Johnson, Anderson. Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas IOr------------------------------- ~ miD 301 1300 I 1200 PI cpr 2~ Op 2% PIn! 1000 1100 Tee) Hb 8 4 2~ t> . "Cpx solidus' . '3% 800 900 I I P 6 (MT. HooD! ANDESITE' Melt 1.0 0.75 0.25 0.5 X Fluid 800 . o Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Titles Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 305 / 950 790 830 870 910 TEMPERATURE (oC) Mount St. Helens Dacite Tables Table 1 Page 26 Titles 100,-;:::===========::::;-----, o Page 27 Titles 1\7ifC fl Page 28 Page 29 Titles PH20= PFLUm 3 Johnson. Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 309 4 t:: .0. I i I I 950 790 830 870 910 TEMPERATURE ( °c ) I O~----~----~----~----~----~ 750 0.25 0.5 0.75 XH20 in Fluid 800 750L-----~----~----~----~ o 900 T (C) 850 Page 30 Tables Table 1 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Titles 4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 o~--~~~--~~~ ~.O ~ 8 S r55 6 ~ 4 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Titles Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 323 REFERENCES Page 44 Titles 324 Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas Page 45 Titles Johnson. Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 325 Page 46 Titles 326 Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas Page 47 Titles Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 327 Page 48 Titles 328 Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas Page 49 Titles Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas 329 Page 50 Titles 330 Johnson, Anderson, Rutherford: Pre-eruptive Volatiles in Magmas Page 1 Titles Chapter 9 THE EFFECT OF H20, C02 AND F ON THE Rebecca A. Lange Page 2 Titles The effect of temperature, pressure, and composition (2) Page 3 Titles 333 f.I = VT + VTTa2 JP T Tables Table 1 Page 4 Titles (5) (av) _""X (aVi) ap T _ £.., t.r ap T The importance of water Page 5 Titles 335 (7) Page 6 Titles . f~ ° P-l Page 7 Titles 337 9.0 +-~-'----.--~~-~-r-----,J ~ == --- . - Page 8 Titles I f~2o C .. -Vm *(P-J) Page 9 Titles 339 , .' I .. • e= ___ ~; fr , Tables Table 1 Page 10 Tables Table 1 Page 11 Titles 341 Page 12 Titles I f~02 C '" ym *(P-J) Page 13 Titles 343 Page 14 Page 15 Titles 345 u ... Page 16 Titles SILICA TE MELT VISCOSITIES Page 17 Titles 347 Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheology y Page 18 Page 19 Titles 349 In T/(T) = I Di(T)Xj B T Tables Table 1 Page 20 Titles Configurational entropy theory of viscosity - T sconl (T) T ConI (T) Sconl(T) = Scon!(Tg) + f P dT (28) [cCrystal(T)] Scon!(T ) = rT fusion P dT + IlS . + g k T foD~ T [CliqUid(T)] 0 [cg1asS(T)] f g P dT + f P dT. Page 21 Titles 351 Tables Table 1 Page 22 Titles • • • • • ................... Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 23 Page 24 Titles (32) kT'r d3 354 Page 25 Titles 355 Page 26 Page 27 Titles 357 The effect of H20 on silicate melt viscosities Tables Table 1 Page 28 Titles 358 ~-------------------------.8 .". • Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 29 Titles 359 Page 30 Titles 360 Lange: H20, C02, F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity 2.0+----r---.,---.,---.,...----. .~ Tables Table 1 Page 31 Titles 361 ~ Tables Table 1 Page 32 Tables Table 1 Page 33 Titles 363 Tables Table 1 Page 34 Titles € Page 35 Titles Lange: H20, C02. F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity 365 Page 36 Titles 366 Lange: H20. C02. F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity Page 37 Titles Lange: H20, C02, F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity 367 Page 38 Titles 368 Lange: H20, C02, F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity Page 39 Titles Lange: H20, C02, F; Effects on Melt Density and Viscosity 369 Page 40 Page 1 Titles Chapter 10 DIFFUSION IN VOLA TILE-BEARING MAGMAS E. Bruce Watson Page 2 Titles 372 Page 3 Titles 373 distance -7 Page 4 Titles 374 Watson: Diffusion in Volatile-bearing Magmas (4) Jj=-Dj dCj (dCj) =i_[Dj dCj] at x dX dX t (6) Page 5 Titles 375 (aCj) = n, a2Cj at x ax2 Page 6 Titles 376 Page 7 Page 8 Titles 378 Page 9 Titles Watson: Diffusion in Volatile-bearing Magmas 379 The thin-source geometry thin-source experiment Page 10 Titles 380 diffusion couple cl 1- Page 11 Titles 381 Page 12 Titles 382 i ""'__--q distance~ Page 13 Titles 383 Q m2/s 10-4 Water and related species Page 14 Titles 384 Watson: Diffusion in Volatile-bearing Magmas 10.-------,--------.-------, Jambo\?~_ --------7--- -----.1~?' Shaw'74 .> > .,;. ",. 11 ~ ,," ~ •.• - .,"' _ I~~ :.;;.. . .!:~.~-:' ... ~ ... ~----- effect of water 150 2 4 6 wt. % dissolved water 10 15 9 11 13 1(f(K)X104 TI'24