Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition: [report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21-30 September 1998]

The present Consultation is part of a long series of expert consultations, which have as a primary objective to review the state of knowledge on the role of various nutrients in the human diet and to formulate practical recommendations where interpretation is needed or controversy exists. The Joint FAO/WHO group of experts reviewed the full scope of vitamin and minerals requirements, including their role in normal human physiology and metabolism and in deficiency disease conditions. The focus was on the requirements of the essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A, C, D, E, and K; the B vitamins; calcium; iron; magnesium; zinc; selenium; and iodine. The report provides recommended nutrient intakes for vitamins A, C, D, E, and K; the B vitamins; calcium; iron; magnesium; zinc; selenium; and iodine. The report also provides practical advice and recommendations, which will constitute an authoritative source of information for all those who work in the area of nutrition, agriculture, food production and distribution, and health promotion. HUMAN NUTRITION Contents 3 Foreword 13 Acknowledgement 17 1: Concepts, definitions and approaches used to define nutritional 20 2: Vitamin A 36 3: Vitamin D 64 4: Calcium 78 5: Vitamin E 113 6: Vitamin K 127 7: Vitamin C 149 8: Dietary antioxidants 164 9: Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, 183 10: Selenium 213 11: Magnesium 236 12: Zinc 249 13: Iron 265 14: Vitamin B12 298 15: Folate and folic acid 308 16: Iodine 322 17: Food as a source of nutrients 337 Annex 1 357 Annex 2 359 1.Vitamins,—,standards,2.Micronutrients,—,standards,3.Trace,elements,—,standards;,4.Deficiency,diseases,—,diet,therapy,5.Nutritional,requirements,I.Title.;,ISBN,92,4,154612,3,(LC/NLM,Classification:,QU,145) 1.Vitamins — standards 2.Micronutrients — standards 3.Trace elements — standards,4.Deficiency diseases — diet therapy 5.Nutritional requirements I.Title.,ISBN 92 4 154612 3 (LC/NLM Classification: QU 145) Contents......Page 3 Foreword......Page 13 Acknowledgement......Page 17 1: Concepts, definitions and approaches used to define nutritional......Page 20 2: Vitamin A......Page 36 3: Vitamin D......Page 64 4: Calcium......Page 78 5: Vitamin E......Page 113 6: Vitamin K......Page 127 7: Vitamin C......Page 149 8: Dietary antioxidants......Page 164 9: Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6,......Page 183 10: Selenium......Page 213 11: Magnesium......Page 236 12: Zinc......Page 249 13: Iron......Page 265 14: Vitamin B12......Page 298 15: Folate and folic acid......Page 308 16: Iodine......Page 322 17: Food as a source of nutrients......Page 337 Annex 1......Page 357 Annex 2......Page 359 The dietary requirement for a micronutrient is defined as an intake level which meets a specified criteria for adequacy, thereby minimizing risk of nutrient deficit or excess.