Visions of the End in Medieval Spain : Catalogue of Illustrated Beatus Commentaries on the Apocalypse and Study of the Geneva Beatus Catalogue of Illustrated Beatus Commentaries on the Apocalypse and Study of the Geneva Beatus

This Is The First Study To Bring Together All Twenty-nine Extant Copies Of The Medieval Commentary On The Apocalypse, Which Was Originally Written By Spanish Monk Beatus Of Liébana. John Williams, A Renowned Expert On The Commentary, Shares A Lifetime Of Study And Offers New Insights On These Strikingly Illustrated Manuscripts. As He Shows, The Commentary Responded To Differing Monastic Needs Within The Shifting Context Of The Middle Ages. Of Special Interest Is A Discussion Of The Recently Discovered Geneva Copy: One Of Only Three Commentaries To Be Written Outside Of The Iberian Peninsula, This Manuscript Shows Both Close Affinities To The Spanish Model And Fascinating Deviations From It In Terms Of Its Script And Style Of Illustrations.-- Visions Of The End In Medieval Spain : Introductory Essay -- The Census : A Complete Register Of Illustrated Beatus Commentaries And Fragments -- Introduction To Geneva Beatus -- Geneva Illustrations With Apocalyptic Storiae And Analysis Of The Images -- Appendix. Geneva Beatus Codicological Construction. John Williams ; Edited By Therese Martin. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 273-284) And Indexes. Cover 1 Contents 8 Editor’s Foreword 18 Acknowledgements 20 1. Visions of the End in Medieval Spain: Introductory Essay 22 2. The Census: A Complete Register of Illustrated Beatus Commentaries and Fragments 68 3. Introduction to the Geneva Beatus 150 4. Geneva Illustrations with Apocalyptic Storiae and Analysis of the Images 168 Appendix: Geneva Beatus Codicological Construction 270 Bibliography 274 Index of People 286 Index of Places 288 Index of Subjects 290 List of Illustrations 10 Figure 1 Great Mosque of Córdoba, late tenth century 22 Figure 2 Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, early twelfth century 22 Figure 3 Map of the World. Morgan Beatus, fols. 33v-34. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 24 Figure 4 Family tree of copies of the Commentary (Williams over Gryson) 26 Figure 5 Relief of Christ with Angels, Quintanilla de las Viñas, late seventh century 28 Figure 6 Map of Iberian sites connected to the history of the Beatus Commentary 28 Figure 7 Santa María (formerly San Salvador) de Tábara, consecrated 1137 29 Figure 8 San Miguel de Moreruela, thirteenth century 31 Figure 9 San Miguel de Moreruela, window from time of foundation, c. 900 32 Figure 10 Omega. Tábara Beatus, fol. 167. Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, Cod. 1097B 33 Figure 11 Whore of Babylon and a King (Apoc. XVII, 1-3). Vitrina 14-1 Beatus, fol. 137v. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-1 34 Figure 12 Daniel in the Lions’ Den. Bible of 960, León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro Cod. 2, fol. 233v 36 Figure 13 Daniel in the Lions’ Den. Morgan Beatus, fol. 260. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 36 Figure 14 Christ in Majesty. Moralia in Iob, Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Cod. 80, fol. 2 37 Figure 15 Silver base of agate casket with Cross and Evangelist symbols, first decade of tenth century. Cámara Santa, Oviedo Cathedral 38 Figure 16 Adoration of the Lamb (Apoc. IV, 6-V, 14). Morgan Beatus, fol. 87. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 39 Figure 17 Christ in Majesty. Silos Beatus, fol. 7v. London, British Library, MS Add. 11695 40 Figure 18 Christ in Majesty. Bible of 960, León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, Cod. 2, fol. 2 41 Figure 19 Symbols of the Evangelists Luke and John. Biblia Hispalense, c. 900, Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 13-1 44 Figure 20 Symbols of the Evangelists Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Bible of 920, León Cathedral, Cod. 6 45 Figure 21 Initial I. Morgan Beatus, fol. 10. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 46 Figure 22 Initial I. Zurich, Zentralbibliothek, MS Car. C 1, fol. 453v 46 Figure 23 Genesis frontispiece. Moutier-Grandval Bible, London, British Library, MS Add. 10546, fol. 5v 47 Figure 24 Omega and colophon. Girona Beatus, fol. 284. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 49 Figure 25 Adoration; Flight into Egypt and Herod Wounded by his Horse; Herod Bedridden. Girona Beatus, fol. 15v. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 50 Figure 26 Simurgh, Eagle, and Gazelle. Girona Beatus, fol. 165v. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 51 Figure 27 Great Mosque of Córdoba, St. Stephen’s Door, 855 52 Figure 28 San Cebrián de Mazote, Kingdom of León, tenth century 54 Figure 29 Mounted Warrior. Girona Beatus, fol. 134. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 55 Figure 30 Bird Attacking a Serpent. Girona Beatus, fol. 18v. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 56 Figure 31 Ivory pyxis of al-Mughira, Córdoba, 968. Paris, Musée du Louvre, OA 4068 57 Figure 32 San ­Millán de la Cogolla, upper church, tenth-eleventh century 60 Figure 33 Prayer book of Fernando and Sancha. Biblioteca Universitaria, Santiago de Compostela, MS 609 (Res. 1), fol. 6v 63 Figure 34 The Opening of the Fifth Seal: The Souls under the Altar (Apoc. VI, 9-11). Silos Fragment. Silos, Biblioteca del Monasterio de Santo Domingo, frag. 4 69 Figure 35 The Lamb on Mount Sion (Apoc. XIV, 1-5). Morgan Beatus, fol. 174v. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 71 Figure 36 Heavenly Jerusalem (Apoc. XXI, 1-27). Morgan Beatus, fol. 222v. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 72 Figure 37 The Seven Plague Angels (Apoc. XV, 1-4). Vitrina 14-1 Beatus, fol. 130. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-1 74 Figure 38 The Winepress of God’s Wrath (Apoc. XIV, 14-20). Vitrina 14-1 Beatus, fol. 127v. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-1 75 Figure 39 The Adoration of the Statue and the Three Hebrews in the Furnace (Dan. III). Valcavado Beatus, fol. 199v. Valladolid, Biblioteca de la Universidad, MS 433 77 Figure 40 Last Judgment (Apoc. XX, 11-15). Valcavado Beatus, fols. 180v-181. Valladolid, Biblioteca de la Universidad, MS 433 78 Figure 41 Tower Scriptorium. Tábara Beatus, fol. 167v. Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, Cod. 1097B 80 Figure 42 Feast of Baltassar (Dan. V). Tábara Beatus, fol. 143. Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, Cod. 1097B 81 Figure 43 Descent into Hell. Girona Beatus, fol. 17v. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 84 Figure 44 Christ in Majesty. Girona Beatus, fol. 2. Museu de la Catedral de Girona, Num. Inv. 7(11) 85 Figure 45 Genealogical Table X. Vitrina 14-2 Fragment, fol. 1. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-2 87 Figure 46 The Two Witnesses Killed by the Antichrist (Apoc. XI, 7-10). Urgell Beatus, fol. 136v. Museu Diocesà de la Seu d’Urgell, Num. Inv. 501 89 Figure 47 Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream of the Tree (Dan. IV). Urgell Beatus, fol. 204v. Museu Diocesà de la Seu d’Urgell, Num. Inv. 501 90 Figure 48 Vision of the Lamb (Apoc. V, 6–14). San Millán Beatus (Moz.), fol. 92. Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Cod. 33 92 Figure 49 Daniel with the Angels on the Banks of the Tigris (Dan. X). San Millán Beatus (Rom.), fol. 268v. Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Cod. 33 93 Figure 50 Adam and Eve. Escorial Beatus, fol. 18. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 95 Figure 51 Satan’s Last Attack; Gog and Magog (Apoc. XX, 7-8). Escorial Beatus, fol. 135v. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 96 Figure 52 Alpha with Figure of Christ. Facundus Beatus, fol. 6. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-2 98 Figure 53 The Burning of Babylon (Apoc. XVIII, 1-20). Facundus Beatus, fol. 233v. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-2 99 Figure 54 Acrostic. Fanlo Beatus, fol. 11. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.1079, fols. 6-12 101 Figure 55 Cross frontispiece. Fanlo Beatus, fol. 10v. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.1079, fols. 6-12 102 Figure 56 Acrostic. Saint-Sever Beatus, fol. 1. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 8878 104 Figure 57 The Opening of the First Four Seals: The Four Horsemen (Apoc. VI, 1-8). Saint-Sever Beatus, fols. 108v-109. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 8878 105 Figure 58 Victory of the Lamb over the Kings (Apoc. XVII, 14-18). Osma Beatus, fol. 55v. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 107 Figure 59 Map of the World. Osma Beatus, fols. 34v-35. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 108 Figure 60 Washing of the Feet; Peter’s Denial and Last Supper; Kiss of Judas; “legiones angelorum.” Turin Beatus, fol. 16. Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, Sgn. I.II.I 111 Figure 61 Warning Angels and Fall of Babylon (Apoc. XIV, 6-13). Turin Beatus, fol. 146v. Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, Sgn. I.II.I 112 Figure 62 Man with Viol and Man with Bird. Silos Beatus, fol. 86. London, British Library, MS Add. 11695 114 Figure 63 Hell. Silos Beatus, fol. 2. London, British Library, MS Add. 11695 115 Figure 64 The Two Witnesses Killed by the Antichrist (Apoc. XI, 7-10). Corsini Beatus, fol. 126. Rome, Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana, Segn. 40.E.6 117 Figure 65 Appearance of Christ in the Clouds (Apoc. I, 7-8). Corsini Beatus, fol. 155. Rome, Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana, Segn. 40.E.6 118 Figure 66 Letter to the Church of Philadelphia (Apoc. III, 7-13). León Fragment, fol. 1. León, Archivo Histórico Provincial, Perg., Astorga 1 119 Figure 67 Vision of the Lamb (Apoc. V, 6-14). Berlin Beatus, fol. 38. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, MS Theol. lat. Fol. 561 121 Figure 68 The Woman Clothed in the Sun (Apoc. XII, 1-18). Berlin Beatus, fol. 70. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, MS Theol. lat. Fol. 561 122 Figure 69 Noah’s Ark (Bk. II). Rylands Beatus, fol. 15. Manchester, John Rylands University Library, MS lat. 8 124 Figure 70 Babylon (Dan. I, 1; Apoc. XIV, 23). Rylands Beatus, fol. 204. Manchester, John Rylands University Library, MS lat. 8 125 Figure 71 Adoration of the Magi, Genealogical Table XIV. Cardeña Beatus, fol. 3. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 128 Figure 72 Revelation to St. John (Apoc. I, 1-6). Cardeña Beatus, fol. 4. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 129 Figure 73 Angels Restraining the Winds (Apoc. VII, 1-3). Lorvão Beatus, fol. 118. Lisbon, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo 131 Figure 74 The Opening of the Fifth Seal: The Souls under the Altar (Apoc. VI, 9-11). Lorvão Beatus, fol. 112. Lisbon, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo 132 Figure 75 Map of the World. Navarre Beatus, fols. 24v-25. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 1366 134 Figure 76 The Two Witnesses Killed by the Antichrist (Apoc. XI, 7-10). Navarre Beatus, fol. 98v. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 1366 135 Figure 77 Tower Scriptorium. Las Huelgas Beatus, fol. 183. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.429 137 Figure 78 The Woman Clothed in the Sun (Apoc. XII, 1-18). Las Huelgas Beatus, fols. 101v-102. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.429 138 Figure 79 Victory of the Lamb over the Kings (Apoc. XVII, 14-18). Arroyo Beatus. Los Angeles, Getty Center (formerly B.H. Breslauer Coll.) 140 Figure 80 Last Judgment (Apoc. XX, 11-15). Arroyo Beatus, fol. 160. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 2290 141 Figure 81 Millennial Judges and the Souls of the Martyrs (Apoc. XX, 4-6). Rioseco Fragment. Ciudad de México, Archivo General de la Nación, Illustración 4852 143 Figure 82 San Pedro de León Fragment, fol. 1v. León, Archivo Parroquial de Santa Marina la Real de León, sig. ASM (SP), Libro de Difuntos, 4 144 Figure 83 Message to the Church of Laodicea. Milan Fragment, fol. 2v. Milan, Archivio di Stato, Rubriche notarili 3823 145 Figure 84 The Opening of the First Four Seals: The Four Horsemen (Apoc. VI, 1-8). Geneva Beatus, fol. 183v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357 146 Figure 85 The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Earthquake (Apoc. VI, 12-17). Geneva Beatus, fol. 187. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357 148 Figure 86 Numbering of the Names of the Antichrist: Table I. Vitrina 14-1 Beatus, fol. 121v. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitrina 14-1 151 Figure 87 Numbering of the Names of the Antichrist: Table I. Escorial Beatus, fol. 115. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 151 Figure 88 Devil Chained in the Abyss (Apoc. XX, 1-3). Osma Beatus, fol. 153v. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 153 Figure 89 Devil Chained in the Abyss (Apoc. XX, 1-3). Escorial Beatus, fol. 151. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 154 Figure 90 Victory of the Lamb over the Kings (Apoc. XVII, 14-18). Escorial Beatus, fol. 145. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 155 Figure 91 Letter to the Church of Thyatira (Apoc. II, 18-29). Escorial Beatus, fol. 40v. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 156 Figure 92 Letter to the Church of Sardis (Apoc. III, 1-6), San Millán Beatus, fol. 72v. Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, Cod. 33 156 Figure 93 Vision of God Enthroned with the Elders. Escorial Beatus, fol. 57v. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 158 Figure 94 Vision of God Enthroned with the Elders, Osma Beatus, fol. 70v. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 159 Figure 95 Last Judgment, Osma Beatus, fol. 157v. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 160 Figure 96 The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Earthquake (Apoc. VI, 12-17). Osma Beatus, fol. 89. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 161 Figure 97 The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Earthquake (Apoc. VI, 12-17). Morgan Beatus, fol. 112. New York, The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.644 161 Figure 98 The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Earthquake (Apoc. VI, 12-17). Berlin Beatus, fol. 50. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, MS Theol. lat. Fol. 561 162 Figure 99 De rerum naturis by Hrabanus Maurus, Cod. Casin. 132, fol. 73, Archivio dell’Abbazia di Montecassino 163 Figure 100 Cod. Casin. 442I-II, fol. 12, Archivio dell’Abbazia di Montecassino 165 Figure 101 Cod. Casin. 5, fol. 349, Archivio dell’Abbazia di Montecassino 166 Figure 102 Christ in Majesty tympanum, St.-Pierre de Moissac 170 Figure 103 Christ in Majesty. Osma Beatus, fol. 73v. Burgo de Osma, Cabildo de la Catedral 172 Figure 104 The Woman Clothed in the Sun (Apoc. XII, 1‐18). Escorial Beatus, fols. 104v-105. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 186 Figure 105 The Great Whore and the Kings of the Earth (Apoc. XVII, 1‐3). Escorial Beatus, fol. 133. Escorial, Biblioteca del Monasterio, &.II.5 195 Figure 106 The Great Whore and the Kings of the Earth (Apoc. XVII, 1‐3). Navarre Beatus, fol. 128. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Nouv. acq. lat. 1366 196 Figure 106 The Heavenly Jerusalem. Lorvão Beatus, fol. 209v. Lisbon, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo 206 Figure 108 The Woman on the Beast (Apoc. Prol. Book II.8), Geneva Beatus, fol. 149. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 209 Figure 109 Letter to the Church of Ephesus (Apoc. II, 1‐7). Geneva Beatus, fol. 152. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 210 Figure 110 Letter to the Church of Smyrna (Apoc. II, 8‐11). Geneva Beatus, fol. 154v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 211 Figure 111 Letter to the Church of Pergamum (Apoc. II, 12‐17). Geneva Beatus, fol. 157v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 212 Figure 112 Letter to the Church of Thyatira (Apoc. II, 18‐19). Geneva Beatus, fol. 160. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 213 Figure 113 Letter to the Church of Sardis (Apoc. III, 1‐6). Geneva Beatus, fol. 162v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 214 Figure 114 Letter to the Church of Philadelphia (Apoc. III, 7‐13). Geneva Beatus, fol. 165v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 215 Figure 115 Letter to the Church of Laodicea (Apoc. III, 14‐22). Geneva Beatus, fol. 169. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 167. 216 Figure 116 Initial P, Geneva Beatus, fol. 171v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 168. 217 Figure 117 Vision of God Enthroned with the Elders (Apoc. IV, 1‐6). Geneva Beatus, fol. 172. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 168. 218 Figure 118 Vision of God Enthroned with the Four Living Creatures (Apoc. IV, 6-V, 14). Geneva Beatus, fol. 174. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 170. 219 Figure 119 The Opening of the First Four Seals: The Four Horsemen (Apoc. VI, 1‐8). Geneva Beatus, fol. 183v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 172. 220 Figure 120 The Opening of the Fifth Seal: The Souls of the Martyrs under the Altar (Apoc. VI, 9‐11). Geneva Beatus, fol. 185v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 173. 221 Figure 121 The Opening of the Sixth Seal: The Earthquake (Apoc. VI, 12‐17). Geneva Beatus, fol. 187. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 174. 222 Figure 122 The Four Angels of the Winds (Apoc. VII, 1‐3). Geneva Beatus, fol. 189. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 175. 223 Figure 123 The Sealing of the Elect (Apoc. VII, 4‐12). Geneva Beatus, fol. 190. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 176. 224 Figure 124 The Seven Angels with Trumpets (Apoc. VIII, 2‐5). Geneva Beatus, fol. 198v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 177. 225 Figure 125 The First Trumpet: Hail, Fire, and Blood (Apoc. VIII, 6‐7). Geneva Beatus, fol. 199. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 177. 226 Figure 126 The Second Trumpet: The Mountain Cast into the Sea (Apoc. VIII, 8‐9); The Third Trumpet: The Burning Star (Apoc. VIII, 10‐11). Geneva Beatus, fol. 200. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 178. 227 Figure 127 The Fourth Trumpet: The Darkening of the Sun, the Moon, and the Stars (Apoc. VIII, 12‐13). Geneva Beatus, fol. 200v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 178. 228 Figure 128 The Fifth Trumpet: The Star that Falls from Heaven and the Plague of the Locusts (Apoc. IX, 1‐6). Geneva Beatus, fol. 201v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 178. 229 Figure 129 The Angel of the Abyss and the Locusts (Apoc. IX, 7‐12). Geneva Beatus, fol. 202. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 179. 230 Figure 130 The Sixth Trumpet: The Angels of the Euphrates (Apoc. IX, 13‐16). Geneva Beatus, fol. 202v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 180. 231 Figure 131 The Horses of Death and Their Riders (Apoc. IX, 17‐21). Geneva Beatus, fol. 203v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 180. 232 Figure 132 The Strong Angel: St. John Eats the Book (Apoc. X, 1 - XI, 2). Geneva Beatus, fol. 204. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 180. 233 Figure 133 The Two Witnesses (Apoc. XI, 3‐6). Geneva Beatus, 234 Figure 134 The Two Witnesses Killed by the Antichrist (Apoc. XI, 7‐10). Geneva Beatus, fol. 206v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 182. 235 Figure 135 The Two Witnesses Ascend into Heaven and an Earthquake Is Produced (Apoc. XI, 11‐14). Geneva Beatus, fol. 207. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 183. 236 Figure 136 The Angel of the Seventh Trumpet (Apoc. XI, 15‐18). Geneva Beatus, fol. 207v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 183. 237 Figure 137 The Temple of the Ark and the Beast of the Abyss (Apoc. XI, 19 + Bk. VI). Geneva Beatus, fol. 208. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 183. 238 Figure 138 The Woman Clothed in the Sun (Apoc. XII, 1‐18). Geneva Beatus, fol. 208v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 184. 239 Figure 139 The Beast from the Sea (Apoc. XIII, 1‐10). Geneva Beatus, fol. 211. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 186. 240 Figure 140 The Beast from the Earth (Apoc. XIII, 11‐17). Geneva Beatus, fol. 213. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 187. 241 Figure 141 To Know the Number and Name of the Beast (Apoc. XIII, 18; Bk. VI). Table I, Geneva Beatus, fol. 217. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 187. 242 Figure 142 The Lamb on Mount Sion and the Chaste (Apoc. XIV, 1‐5). Geneva Beatus, fol. 218. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 188. 243 Figure 143 The Angel with the Everlasting Gospel (Apoc. XIV, 6‐13). Geneva Beatus, fol. 219. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 188. 244 Figure 144 The Harvest of the Wrath of God (Apoc. XIV, 14‐20). Geneva Beatus, fol. 220. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 189. 245 Figure 145 The Seven Angels with the Seven Plagues (Apoc. XV, 1‐4). Geneva Beatus, fol. 221v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 190. 246 Figure 146 The Angels with the Plagues Exit the Temple (Apoc. XV, 5‐8). Geneva Beatus, fol. 222. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 190. 247 Figure 147 The Plague Angels Are Ordered to Empty Their Bowls (Apoc. XVI, 1). Geneva Beatus, fol. 223. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 191. 248 Figure 148 The First Angel Empties His Bowl on the Earth (Apoc. XVI, 2). Geneva Beatus, fol. 223v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 191. 249 Figure 149 The Second Angel Empties His Bowl in the Sea (Apoc. XVI, 3); The Third Angel Empties His Bowl in the Rivers (Apoc. XVI, 4‐7). Geneva Beatus, fol. 224. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 191. 250 Figure 150 The Fourth Angel Empties His Bowl in the Sun (Apoc. XVI, 8‐9). Geneva Beatus, fol. 225. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 192. 251 Figure 151 The Fifth Angel Empties His Bowl on the Throne of the Beast (Apoc. XVI, 10‐11); The Sixth Angel Empties His Bowl on the Euphrates (Apoc. XVI, 12); The Unclean Spirits Like Frogs (Apoc. XVI, 13‐16). Geneva Beatus, fol. 225v. Bibliothèque de Gen 252 Figure 152 The Seventh Angel Empties His Bowl in the Air (Apoc. XVI, 17‐21). Geneva Beatus, fol. 227. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 193. 253 Figure 153 The Great Whore Seated upon the Waters (Apoc. XVII, 1‐3). Geneva Beatus, fol. 227v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 193. 254 Figure 154 The Woman Seated on the Scarlet Beast (Apoc. XVII, 3‐13). Geneva Beatus, fol. 228. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 195. 255 Figure 155 The Victory of the Lamb (Apoc. XVII, 14‐18). Geneva Beatus, fol. 231. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 196. 256 Figure 156 The Burning of Babylon (Apoc. XVIII, 1‐20). Geneva Beatus, fol. 232. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 197. 257 Figure 157 The Angel Casts the Millstone into the Sea (Apoc. XVIII, 21‐24). Geneva Beatus, fol. 233v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 198. 258 Figure 158 The Multitude in Heaven Praise God (Apoc. XIX, 1‐10). Geneva Beatus, fols. 234‐234v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 198. 259 Figure 159 The Rider Faithful and True (Apoc. XIX, 11‐16). Geneva Beatus, fol. 235. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 199. 260 Figure 160 The Angel Standing in the Sun (Apoc. XIX, 17‐18). Geneva Beatus, fol. 235v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 199. 261 Figure 161 The Defeat of the Beast (Apoc. XIX, 19‐21). Geneva Beatus, fol. 236. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 200. 262 Figure 162 The Devil Chained in the Abyss (Apoc. XX, 1‐3). Geneva Beatus, fol. 236v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 200. 263 Figure 163 Satan Released and His Last Attack (Apoc. XX, 7‐9). Geneva Beatus, fol. 238. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 201. 264 Figure 164 The Devil, the Beast, and the False Prophet in the Lake of Fire (Apoc. XX, 9‐10). Geneva Beatus, fol. 239v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 202. 265 Figure 165 The Last Judgment (Apoc. XX, 11‐15). Geneva Beatus, fol. 240. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 202. 266 Figure 166 The Heavenly Jerusalem (Apoc. XXI, 1‐27). Geneva Beatus, fol. 241. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 203. 267 Figure 167 St. John at the Feet of the Angel of the Apocalypse (Apoc. XXII, 6‐21). Geneva Beatus, fol. 244v. Bibliothèque de Genève, MS lat. 357. For storia and image analysis, see page 206. 268