Villa Adriana, Accademia : Hadrian's secret garden. 1, History of the excavations, ancient sources and antiquarian studies from the XVth to the XVIIth centuries

Tables of Contents: Anna Maria Reggiani, Introduction. Bernard Frischer, Introduction. Urbano Barberini, Presentation. Author's Note. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. The Renaissance and Roman antiquity: 1. Humanism, Renaissance and Hadrian's Villa. Chapter 2. Hadrian's Villa in the XVth century: rediscovery after oblivion: 1. The descriptions of the Historia Augusta and of Sextus Aurelius Victor, abandonment and the rediscovery: 1. 1. Biondo Flavio and Pope Pius II. 2. The first excavations at Hadrian's Villa: 2. 1. The excavation of the Odeon; 2. 2. The excavation of the Telamons or'Cioci di Tivoli'. 3. The first drawings of Fra'Giocondo. 4. Conclusions. Chapter 3. Francesco di Giorgio Martini. The oldest drawings of the Accademia: 1. Biographical notes; 2. Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Hadrian's Villa; 3. The Accademia in the drawings of Francesco di Giorgio Martini: 3. 1. The plan of the Accademia; 3. 2. The elevation of the Temple of Apollo. 4. Conclusions. Chapter 4. Hadrian's Villa in the XVIth century. Large-scale excavations and early studies: 1. The first large-scale excavations: 1. 1. Excavations in the Accademia: 1. 1. 1. Excavations of Bindo Altoviti (XVIth century); 1. 2. Excavations in other parts of the Villa: 1. 2. 1. Excavations of Pirro Ligorio for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este (1550-1568); 1. 2. 2. Excavations of Giovan Battista Cappuccini and Biscanti (mid-XVIth century); 1. 2. 3. Excavations'of Marcantonio Palosi'(XVIth century); 1. 2. 4. Excavations'of Cardinal Marcello Cervini'(1535?, 1550?); 1. 2. 5. Excavations'of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese'(1535-1538?); 1. 2. 6. Excavations'of Cardinal Carlo Carafa'(1540?). 2. Plans and drawings of the Accademia and other buildings (XVIth century): 2. 1. Andrea Palladio (1554 c.); 2. 2. Pirro Ligorio (1550 c.); 2. 3. Draftsman of the Destailleur Codex (mid-XVIth century); 2. 4. Giovannantonio Dosio (1563 c.); 2. 5. Anonymous Portuguese (or Francisco Castillo?) (1568-1580); 2. 6. Giovan Battista Cavalieri (1585); 2. 7. Drawings in the Albertina Library at Vienna (XVIth century). 3. Historical studies of the XVIth century: 3. 1. Pirro Ligorio (1550-1579); 3. 2. Giovanni Maria Zappi (1580); 3. 3. Marco Antonio Nicodemi (mid-XVIth century); 3. 4. Giovanni Maria de'Bardi, of the Counts of Vernio (end-XVIth century). 4. Other artists and Hadrian's Villa. 5. Appendix: original Italian texts. Chapter 5. Bindo Altoviti, one of the first owners of the Accademia: 1. Biographical notes; 2. The Altoviti and Hadrian's Villa; 2. 1. The Altoviti properties in Hadrian's Villa; 2. 2. The discoveries of the Altoviti in Hadrian's Villa. 3. Conclusions. Chapter 6. Andrea Palladio. Looking for perfect proportions: 1. Biographical notes; 2. Andrea Palladio and Hadrian's Villa; 3. The Accademia in the plan by Palladio; 4. Conclusions. Chapter 7. Pirro Ligorio, great antiquarian and first scholar: 1. Biographical notes; 2. Pirro Ligorio, Tivoli and the Villa d'Este; 3. Pirro Ligorio and Hadrian's Villa: 3. 1. The Codices of Ligorio; 3. 2. The descriptions of Hadrian's Villa in the Codices of Ligorio; 3. 3. The drawings for the general plan of Hadrian's Villa; 3. 4. What happened to the plans of Hadrian's Villa drawn by Ligorio? 4. The plan of the Accademia (1560); 5. The elevation of the Temple of Apollo [Ac78]; 6. The Accademia in the description of the Codice di Torino; 7. Conclusions: 7. 1. Summary on the Accademia. 8. Appendix: 1. Ligorio's original Italian text; 2. Text of Ligorio on his excavations in other buildings of Hadrian's Villa; 3. Text of Ligorio mentioning his plan of Hadrian's Villa; 4. Letters of Athanasius Kircher on Ligorio's documents in the Barberini archive; 5. Letter of Ambassador Ludovico d'Agliè to Cardinal Francesco Barberini about the drawings of Ligorio sold after his death. Chapter 8. Ippolito II d'Este, Cardinal of Ferrara. The magnificentia in Tivoli: 1. Biographical notes; 2. Ippolito II, Tivoli and Hadrian's Villa. Chapter 9. The Accademia in the XV TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Anna Maria Reggiani INTRODUCTION Bernard Frischer PRESENTATION Urbano Barberini AUTHOR’S NOTE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chapter 1 THE RENAISSANCE AND ROMAN ANTIQUITY Chapter 2H ADRIAN’S VILLA IN THE XVTH CENTURY: REDISCOVERY AFTER OBLIVION Chapter 3 FRANCESCO DI GIORGIO MARTINI. THE OLDEST DRAWINGS OF THE ACCADEMIA Chapter 4 HADRIAN’S VILLA IN THE XVITH CENTURY. LARGE-SCALE EXCAVATIONS AND EARLY STUDIES Chapter 5 BINDO ALTOVITI, ONE OF THE FIRST OWNERS OF THE ACCADEMIA Chapter 6 ANDREA PALLADIO. LOOKING FOR PERFECT PROPORTIONS Chapter 7 PIRRO LIGORIO,GREAT ANTIQUARIAN AND FIRST SCHOLAR Chapter 8 IPPOLITO II D’ESTE, CARDINAL OF FERRARA. THE MAGNIFICENTIA IN TIVOLI Chapter 9 THE ACCADEMIA IN SOME XVITH-CENTURY DRAWINGS. A STUCCO CEILING AND A MOSAIC Chapter 10 ADRIAN’S VILLA IN THE XVIITH CENTURY. A NEW GENERAL PLAN AND MANY SMALL EXCAVATIONS Chapter 11 THE BULGARINI IN THE XVIITH CENTURY. THE FIRST EXCAVATIONS AT THE ACCADEMIA Chapter 12 FRANCESCO BARBERINI, GOVERNOR OF TIVOLI AND PATRON OF THE ARTS Chapter 13 FRANCESCO CONTINI. THE FIRST COMPLETE PLAN AND RATIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE VILLA Chapter 14 CASSIANO DAL POZZO. THE MUSEO CARTACEO (PAPER MUSEUM): THE FIRST VIRTUAL MUSEUM Chapter 15 ATHANASIUS KIRCHER. SPECIAL EFFECTS, WISDOM AND WONDERS Chapter 16 SOME REMARKS AND CONCLUSIONS ON THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES OF STUDIES OF HADRIAN’S VILLA BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEXES I. History of the excavations, ancient sources and antiquarian studies from the XVth to the XVIIth centuries.