Video Basics

Drawing from Herbert Zettl's vast expertise as an Emmy award-winning producer, director, and innovator, VIDEO BASICS, 8th Edition, delivers the most authoritative, current, and technically accurate student guide to video production available. Providing thorough yet streamlined video instruction that can be covered in a single semester, the succinct text moves students from video concepts and processes to production tools and techniques, and, ultimately, the production environment (studio and field, indoors and out) and its effects. In addition, a practical, conceptual framework leads students from the idea (what to create) to the image (how to create) on video. Cover Contents About the Author Preface Part I: Production: Processes And People Chapter 1: Production Process Production Model Production Phases Importance Of Preproduction Preproduction: Generating Ideas On Demand Brainstorming Clustering Preproduction: From Idea To Script Program Objective Angle Evaluation Script Preproduction: From Script To Production Medium Requirements Budget Media Convergence Digital Cinema and Video Studio and Field Production Chapter 2: Production Team: Who Does What When? Production Teams Preproduction Team Production Team Postproduction Team Passing The Buck Taking And Sharing Responsibility Production Schedule And Time Line Production Schedule: Interview Time Line: March 9—Interview (Studio 1) Production Workflow Part II: Image Creation: Digital Video And Camera Chapter 3: Image Formation And Digital Video Basic Image Formation: Video Raster Color Scanning Video Raster Formats Flat-Panel Displays What Is Digital? Digital Process Analog and Digital Signals Digital System Compression and Codecs Downloading and Streaming Digital Process Restated Analog Signal Digital Signal and Quantizing Sampling Compression and Transport Why Digital? Chapter 4: Video Camera Basic Camera Function And Elements Function Lens Beam Splitter and Sensor Shutter Video Signal Processing Viewfinder and Monitor Types Of Cameras Large Camcorders Small Camcorders Smartphones ENG/EFP Cameras Studio Cameras DSLR Cameras Digital Cinema Cameras 3D Camcorders Chapter 5: Operating The Camera Basic Camera Movements Camera Mounts And How To Use Them Handheld and Shoulder-Mounted Camera Tripod-Supported Camera Studio Pedestal Special Camera Mounts Operational Features Focusing Shutter Speed Zooming White-Balancing General Guidelines Checklist: Camcorders and ENG/EFP Cameras Checklist: Studio Cameras Chapter 6: Looking Through The Viewfinder Framing A Shot Aspect Ratio Field of View Vectors Composition Psychological Closure Manipulating Picture Depth Defining the Z-axis Defining the 3D Z-axes 3D Lens Separation and Convergence Lenses and 2D Z-axis Length Lenses and Depth of Field Lenses and Z-axis Speed Controlling Camera And Object Motion Controlling Camera Movement and Zooms Controlling Object Motion Part III: Image Creation: Sound, Light, Graphics, And Effects Chapter 7: Audio And Sound Control Sound Pickup Principle Microphones How Well Mics Hear: Sound Pickup How Mics Are Made How Mics Are Used Sound Control Manual Volume Control Audio Mixer Audio Console Cables and Patch Panel Sound Recording Digital Audio Recorders Optical Discs: CDs and DVDs Audio Postproduction Audio Postproduction Room Automated Dialogue Replacement Synthesized Sound Sound Aesthetics Context Figure/Ground Sound Perspective Continuity Energy and Mood Chapter 8: Light, Color, And Lighting Light Types of Light Light Intensity Measuring Illumination Contrast Shadows Attached Shadows Cast Shadows Falloff Color Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing Color Television Receiver and Generated Colors Color Temperature and White-Balancing Lighting Instruments Spotlights Floodlights Special-Purpose Spotlights and Floodlights Lighting Techniques Operation of Lights Checklist: Lighting Safety Studio Lighting Light Plot Last-Minute Lighting Techniques Field Lighting Checklist: Field Lighting Guidelines Chapter 9: Graphics And Effects Principles Of Graphics Aspect Ratio Essential Area Readability Color Animated Graphics Style Standard Electronic Video Effects Superimposition Key Wipe Digital Effects Digital Image Manipulation Equipment Common Digital Video Effects Synthetic Image Creation Part IV: Image Control: Switching, Recording, And Editing Chapter 10: Switcher And Switching Production Switcher Basic Switcher Functions Switcher Layout Program Bus Preview Bus Key Bus Fader Bar and Auto-Transition Delegation Controls Switcher Operation Working the Program Bus: Cuts-Only Working the Mix Buses: Cuts Working the Mix Buses: Dissolves Working the Effects Bus: Wipes Working the Key Bus: Keys Working the Downstream Keyer Chroma Keying Special Effects Automated Production Control APC Function Control Panels Chapter 11: Video Recording Digital Recording Systems Digital Recording Recording and Storage Media Digital Video Recorders Video Stabilization Video-Recording Process Checklist: Before Video Recording Checklist: During Video Recording Checklist: After Video Recording Chapter 12: Digital Video Editing Editing Principle And System Setup Basic Editing Principle Editing System Setup Editing Interface Checklist: Production Tips for Postproduction Basic Editing Phases Checklsit: Postproduction Preparations Pre-Edit Decision Making Off-Line and On-Line Editing Exporting to the Edit Master Chapter 13: Editing Principles Editing Purpose Editing Functions Combine Condense Correct Build Aesthetic Principles Of Continuity Editing Mental Map Vectors On- and Off-Screen Positions Cutting on Action Aesthetic Principles Of Complexity Editing Intensifying an Event Supplying Meaning Part V: Production Environment: Studio, Field, And Synthetic Chapter 14: Production Environment: Studio Video Production Studio Physical Layout Major Installations Studio Control Room Image Control Sound Control Master Control Workflow and Quality Control Content Ingest Storage and Archiving Studio Support Areas Scenery and Property Storage Makeup and Dressing Rooms Scenery, Properties, And Set Dressings Scenery Properties Set Dressings Set Design Process Message Floor Plan Prop List Using the Floor Plan for Setup Chapter 15: Production Environment: Field And Synthetic Electronic News Gathering News Gathering Transmission Electronic Field Production Preproduction: Remote Survey Production: Outdoors and Indoors Checklsit: Field Production Equipment Postproduction: Wrap-Up Big Remotes Synthetic Environments Computer-Generated Settings Computer-Generated Environments Computer-Controlled Environments Part VI: Production Control: Talent And Directing Chapter 16: Talent, Clothing, And Makeup Performing Techniques Performer and Camera Audio and Lighting Timing and Prompting Acting Techniques Environment and Audience Close-Ups Repeating Action Auditions Clothing Texture and Detail Color Makeup Technical Requirements Materials Chapter 17: Putting It All Together: Directing Script Formats Fact, or Rundown, Sheet News Script Two-Column A/V Script Single-Column Drama Script Visualization Preparing For A Multicamera Studio Production Control Room Directing Terminology Time Line Rehearsals Directing the Multicamera Show Single-Camera Directing Major Differences Single-Camera Studio Directing Single-Camera Field Production Epilogue Glossary Index