Victims and Survivors of Nazi Human Experiments : Science and Suffering in the Holocaust

While The Coerced Human Experiments Are Notorious Among All The Atrocities Under National Socialism, They Have Been Marginalised By Mainstream Historians. This Book Seeks To Remedy The Marginalisation, And To Place The Experiments In The Context Of The Broad History Of National Socialism And The Holocaust. Paul Weindling Bases This Study On The Reconstruction Of A Victim Group Through Individual Victims' Life Histories, And By Weaving The Victims' Experiences Collectively Together In Terms Of Different Groupings, Especially Gender, Ethnicity And Religion, Age, And Nationality. The Timing Of The Experiments, Where They Occurred, How Many Victims There Were, And Who They Were, Is Analysed, As Are Hitherto Under-researched Aspects Such As Nazi Anatomy And Executions. The Experiments Are Also Linked, More Broadly, To Major Elements In The Dynamic And Fluid Nazi Power Structure And The Implementation Of Racial Policies. The Approach Is Informed By Social History From Below, Exploring Both The Rationales And Motives Of Perpetrators, But Assessing These Critically In The Light Of Victim Narratives-- 1: Exploring Experiments -- Part 1. Eugenics To Experiments, 1933-1941 -- 2: Nazifying Medical Research -- 3: On The Slippery Slope: From Eugenics To Experiments -- 4: Nazi Psychiatry -- 'euthanasia' Research -- 5: Racial Research -- 6: First Ss Experiments 1939-41 -- Part 2. Peak Years 1942-1944 -- 7: Prisoner Of War Experiments -- 8: Experiments And Extermination -- 9: Infectious Threats 1942-44 -- Part 3. Targetting Victims -- 10: Psychiatric Patients -- 11: Anatomical Victims -- 12: Gypsies -- 13: Jews -- 14: Prisoners Of War And Forced Labourers -- Part 4. Experiments In Perspective -- 15: Relentless Research -- 16: Scale And Structure -- 17: Resistance And Sabotage. Paul Weindling. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover page Halftitle page Title page Copyright page CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS PREFACE Researching victims Note on names and identities CHAPTER ONE Exploring experiments Concealed depths Experiments as exploitation Nameless victims Experiments as experience The meaning of ‘an experiment’ PART ONE Eugenics to experiments, 1933 to 1941 CHAPTER TWO Nazifying medical research The experimental impulse Man and beast The new German healing Nazifying medical research CHAPTER THREE On the slippery slope: From eugenics to experiments Sterilization as a research opportunity Reproductive experiments Hormones and reproductive research The ‘Rhineland Bastards’ SS research and camp castrations CHAPTER FOUR Nazi psychiatry – ‘euthanasia’ research Of apes and men Harvesting brains CHAPTER FIVE Racial research An unstable science Racial research Sinti and Roma studies Researching POWs Researching Jews Race and infection CHAPTER SIX First SS experiments, 1939 to 1941 SS medicine Historical roots Blood sampling Ancestral research A ‘New German Healing’ The SS Hippocrates A faltering advance Comparing tuberculosis therapies CHAPTER SEVEN Prisoner of war experiments Shoe testing Crete PART TWO Peak years, 1942 to 1944 CHAPTER EIGHT Experiments and extermination Himmler’s medical vision SS command and organization Nutrition Deadly medicines CHAPTER NINE Wartime expansion Rascher and rapid descent Rascher and freezing experiments Wound infection The Ravensbrück Rabbits The Dachau final series CHAPTER TEN Infectious threats, 1942 to 1944 Fleckfieber The Dachau malaria experiments IG pharmaceuticals: Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Mauthausen Japanese incentives PART THREE Targetting victims CHAPTER ELEVEN Psychiatric patients Selecting victims Research children At the Spiegelgrund, Vienna Hereditary pathology CHAPTER TWELVE Anatomical victims A glut of bodies CHAPTER THIRTEEN Gypsies Research for destruction Racial immunology Gypsy twins Seawater drinking and water purification From live typhus vaccine to yellow fever Nerve gas Sterilization CHAPTER FOURTEEN Jews Schumann and X-ray sterilization Sealing wombs Goebel and Schering Dr Samuel Jewish skeletons Jewish twins Blood research Infectious diseases Malingering and feigned wounds CHAPTER FIFTEEN Prisoners of war and forced labour Racial types ‘Russian’ POWs Forced labour Reproductive research PART FOUR Experiments inperspective CHAPTER SIXTEEN Relentless research To the bitter end Staunching blood Hallucinogenics Curing homosexuals Nerve gas Jewish children The City of Mothers Ravensbrück sterilization Chemical defences Buchenwald hygiene Forced labour Psychiatry Cover up CHAPTER SEVENTEEN The structure of coerced research Victim cohorts Concentration camp locations Perpetrators Funding Conducting research Selection of victims Consent CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Resistance and sabotage Evasion Deception Pain Solidarity Publicizing the experiments Irresolution APPENDIX NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX "While the coerced human experiments are notorious among all the atrocities under National Socialism, they have been marginalised by mainstream historians. This book seeks to remedy the marginalisation, and to place the experiments in the context of the broad history of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Paul Weindling bases this study on the reconstruction of a victim group through individual victims' life histories, and by weaving the victims' experiences collectively together in terms of different groupings, especially gender, ethnicity and religion, age, and nationality. The timing of the experiments, where they occurred, how many victims there were, and who they were, is analysed, as are hitherto under-researched aspects such as Nazi anatomy and executions. The experiments are also linked, more broadly, to major elements in the dynamic and fluid Nazi power structure and the implementation of racial policies. The approach is informed by social history from below, exploring both the rationales and motives of perpetrators, but assessing these critically in the light of victim narratives"-- Provided by publisher