متن خیلی خوب - ۲۰۷ درس کوچک در مورد تفکر و نوشتن مانند یک کپی‌رایتر

One of the most respected dental surgery books in the world, Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7th Edition helps you develop skills in evaluation, diagnosis, and patient management. This comprehensive text on oral surgery procedures features full-color photographs and drawings that show how to perform basic surgical techniques, including an overview of more advanced surgical procedures and the latest developments in dental implants, instrumentation, and current technology. A detailed patient evaluation section includes guidelines on when to refer patients to specialists and how to provide supportive postoperative care. New to this edition is a chapter focusing on anesthesia in greater depth than any of the previous editions. Written by well-known OMS educators James R. Hupp, and Edward Ellis III, and Myron R. Tucker, this book is a valuable reference for dentistry and dental hygiene students alike! Key Features UPDATED! Chapter, Contemporary Implant Dentistry, includes new and updated implant surgical techniques and virtual planning. UPDATED! Chapter, Treatment of Complex Implant Cases, features new and updated cases requiring more complex treatment, including bone augmentation surgery in combination with implants. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Sinus Disease updated outline of the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient with sinus disease, including endoscopic therapy. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw outlines the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient. UPDATED! Facial Cosmetic Surgery chapter is organized by nonsurgical and surgical procedures, covering popular procedures such as dermal fillers, botox, facial resurfacing, browlift and forehead procedures, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and rhytidectomy. UPDATED! Content on implants, new instruments, and the latest technology help you treat your patients more effectively. Basic techniques of evaluation, diagnosis, and medical management described in enough detail to facilitate immediate clinical application. Excellent instrumentation chapter covers a wide variety of instruments and tray set-ups that OMS surgeons use. Complex Exodontia chapter describes techniques for surgical tooth extraction, including the principles of flap design, development, management, and suturing, as well as open extraction of single- and multi-rooted teeth, multiple extractions, and concomitant alveoloplasty. Hundreds of detailed, close-up photographs of intraoperative sites clarify textual descriptions Coverage of complex OMS procedures give you a basic understanding of what you will face later in advanced OMS cases. Front Cover......Page 1 Inside Front Cover......Page 2 Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 Contributors......Page 8 New to This Edition......Page 10 Acknowledgments......Page 11 Table Of Contents......Page 13 I Principles of Surgery......Page 15 Medical History......Page 16 Medical History......Page 17 Physical Examination......Page 20 Angina Pectoris......Page 22 Myocardial Infarction......Page 23 Congestive Heart Failure (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)......Page 24 Asthma......Page 25 Renal Transplantation and Transplantation of Other Organs......Page 26 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 27 Hereditary Coagulopathies......Page 29 Therapeutic Anticoagulation......Page 30 Pregnancy......Page 31 Postpartum......Page 33 Prevention......Page 34 Emergency Supplies and Equipment......Page 35 Hypersensitivity Reactions......Page 36 Chest Discomfort......Page 39 Respiratory Difficulty......Page 40 Hyperventilation......Page 41 Foreign Body Aspiration......Page 42 Gastric Contents Aspiration......Page 43 Vasovagal Syncope......Page 44 Orthostatic Hypotension......Page 45 Seizure......Page 46 Local Anesthetic Toxicity......Page 47 Diabetes Mellitus......Page 48 Thyroid Dysfunction......Page 49 Adrenal Insufficiency......Page 50 Cerebrovascular Compromise......Page 51 Basic Necessities for Surgery......Page 52 Incisions......Page 53 Hemostasis......Page 54 Means of Promoting Wound Hemostasis......Page 55 Dead Space Management......Page 56 Patient General Health and Wound Healing......Page 57 Epithelialization......Page 58 Inflammatory Stage......Page 59 Remodeling Stage......Page 60 Necrotic Tissue......Page 61 Bone Healing......Page 62 Implant Osseointegration......Page 63 Nerve Healing......Page 66 Nerve Repair......Page 67 Upper Respiratory Tract Flora......Page 70 Hepatitis Viruses......Page 71 Terminology......Page 72 Moist Heat......Page 73 Techniques of Instrument Disinfection......Page 75 Hand and Arm Preparation......Page 77 Sharps Management......Page 78 Mechanism of Action......Page 82 Toxic Reactions......Page 83 Relevant Anatomy......Page 84 Technique for Administering Local Anesthesia for Oral Surgery......Page 85 Mandibular Injections......Page 87 Periodontal Ligament Injection......Page 90 Oral Sedation......Page 91 General Protocol for Using Nitrous Oxide......Page 92 References......Page 95 II Principles of Exodontia......Page 96 Incising Tissue......Page 97 Retracting Soft Tissue......Page 99 Controlling Hemorrhage......Page 101 Burr and Handpiece......Page 102 Suture Needle......Page 103 Scissors......Page 104 Removing Fluids......Page 105 Holding Towels and Drapes in Position......Page 106 Extracting Teeth......Page 107 Types of Elevators......Page 108 Periotomes......Page 109 Forceps Components......Page 110 Maxillary Forceps......Page 112 Mandibular Forceps......Page 113 Instrument Tray Systems......Page 115 Presurgical Medical Assessment......Page 120 Teeth Involved in Jaw Fractures......Page 121 Condition of the Crown......Page 122 Radiographic Examination of the Tooth for Removal......Page 123 Configuration of Roots......Page 124 Patient and Surgeon Preparation......Page 126 Chair Position for Extractions......Page 127 Mechanical Principles Involved in Tooth Extraction......Page 130 Principles of Elevator and Forceps Use......Page 133 Procedure for Closed Extraction......Page 135 Role of the Opposite Hand......Page 137 Incisors......Page 138 Canines......Page 139 First Premolar......Page 140 Molars......Page 141 Anterior Teeth......Page 142 Molars......Page 144 Modifications for Extraction of Primary Teeth......Page 145 Postextraction Tooth Socket Care......Page 146 Design Parameters for Soft Tissue Flaps......Page 149 Developing a Mucoperiosteal Flap......Page 151 Principles of Suturing......Page 153 Principles and Techniques for Open Extractions......Page 158 Indications for Open Extraction......Page 159 Technique for Open Extraction of a Single-Rooted Tooth......Page 161 Technique for Open Extraction of Multirooted Teeth......Page 163 Removal of Root Fragments and Tips......Page 167 Justification for Leaving Root Fragments......Page 170 Technique for Multiple Extractions......Page 171 Chapter Outline......Page 174 Prevention of Periodontal Disease......Page 175 Prevention of Pericoronitis......Page 176 Prevention of Root Resorption......Page 177 Prevention of Jaw Fractures......Page 178 Extremes of Age......Page 180 Classification Systems for Mandibular Third Molar Impactions......Page 181 Angulation......Page 182 Relationship to Anterior Border of Ramus......Page 183 Relationship to the Occlusal Plane......Page 184 Root Morphology......Page 185 Nature of Overlying Tissue......Page 187 Classification Systems for Maxillary Third Molar Impactions......Page 189 Removal of Other Impacted Teeth......Page 190 Surgical Procedure......Page 191 Step 2: Removal of Overlying Bone......Page 192 Step 3: Sectioning the Tooth......Page 194 Step 5: Preparing for Wound Closure......Page 196 Perioperative Patient Management......Page 197 Bibliography......Page 198 Hemorrhage......Page 199 Pain and Discomfort......Page 200 Edema......Page 202 Operative Note......Page 203 Tear of a Mucosal Flap......Page 204 Abrasion or Burn......Page 205 Root Displacement......Page 206 Extraction of the Wrong Tooth......Page 207 Fracture or Dislodgment of an Adjacent Restoration......Page 208 Fracture of the Alveolar Process......Page 209 Injury to Regional Nerves......Page 211 Oroantral Communications......Page 212 Postoperative Bleeding......Page 213 Wound Dehiscence......Page 215 Dry Socket......Page 216 Infection......Page 217 Legal Concepts Influencing Liability......Page 218 Patient Information and Office Communication......Page 219 Informed Consent......Page 220 Electronic Records......Page 221 Patient Abandonment......Page 222 Common Areas of Dental Litigation......Page 223 When a Patient Threatens to Sue......Page 224 Telemedicine and the Internet......Page 225 Risk Analysis and Management......Page 226 Americans With Disabilities Act......Page 227 References......Page 228 Bibliography......Page 229 III Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery......Page 230 Objectives of Preprosthetic Surgery......Page 231 Evaluation of Supporting Bony Tissue......Page 233 Evaluation of Supporting Soft Tissue......Page 234 Simple Alveoloplasty Associated With Removal of Multiple Teeth......Page 235 Intraseptal Alveoloplasty......Page 236 Buccal Exostosis and Excessive Undercuts......Page 237 Mylohyoid Ridge Reduction......Page 239 Genial Tubercle Reduction......Page 240 Maxillary Tori......Page 241 Soft Tissue Abnormalities......Page 244 Mandibular Retromolar Pad Reduction......Page 245 Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia......Page 247 Labial Frenectomy......Page 249 Lingual Frenectomy......Page 253 Immediate Dentures......Page 254 Overdenture Surgery......Page 256 Soft Tissue Surgery for Ridge Extension of the Mandible......Page 257 Vestibule and Floor-of-Mouth Extension Procedures......Page 258 Submucosal Vestibuloplasty......Page 260 Segmental Alveolar Surgery in the Partially Edentulous Patient......Page 261 Correction of Skeletal Abnormalities in the Totally Edentulous Patient......Page 262 References......Page 264 Introduction to the Multidisciplinary Approach......Page 265 Hard Tissue Interface......Page 266 Biomechanical Considerations......Page 267 Medical History and Medical Risk Assessment......Page 269 Diagnostic Casts and Photographs......Page 270 Prosthetic Considerations in Implant Treatment Planning......Page 271 Surgical Treatment Planning Considerations......Page 275 Surgical Preparation......Page 276 Implant Site Exposure......Page 277 Preparing the Osteotomy......Page 279 Uncovering......Page 280 Implant Body or Fixture......Page 284 Implant Analog or Replica......Page 285 Prosthesis Retaining Screw......Page 286 Options for the Edentulous Patient......Page 288 Prosthetic Complications......Page 290 Bibliography......Page 294 Immediate Postextraction Placement of Implants......Page 295 Bone Grafting and Graft Substitutes......Page 297 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins......Page 298 Sinus Lift......Page 299 Zygomatic Implants......Page 308 Complex Cases......Page 311 Bibliography......Page 330 IV Infections......Page 331 Microbiology of Odontogenic Infections......Page 332 Pathophysiology of Odontogenic Infections......Page 333 Complete History......Page 335 Physical Examination......Page 336 Laboratory Studies......Page 337 Location and Severity......Page 338 Principle 4: Treat Infections Surgically......Page 340 Surgical Technique......Page 341 Determine the Need for Antibiotic Administration......Page 343 Use a Bactericidal Antibiotic Whenever Possible......Page 344 General Dentist’s Role in the Management of Odontogenic Infections......Page 345 Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis......Page 346 Prophylaxis Against Prosthetic Joint Infection......Page 347 Acknowledgments......Page 348 Anatomy......Page 349 Microbiology and Antibiotic Management......Page 353 Medical Comorbidities......Page 356 Infections Arising From Maxillary Teeth......Page 357 Infections Arising From Mandibular Teeth......Page 359 Airway Management......Page 362 Surgical Management......Page 363 Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis......Page 366 Osteomyelitis......Page 367 Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis......Page 369 Actinomycosis......Page 371 Candidiasis......Page 372 Acknowledgments......Page 377 Chapter Outline......Page 378 Periapical Surgery......Page 379 Anatomic Problems......Page 381 Horizontal Root Fracture......Page 382 Contraindications (or Cautions)......Page 383 Anatomic Considerations......Page 385 Antibiotics......Page 386 Submarginal Incision......Page 387 Anesthesia......Page 388 Periapical Exposure......Page 390 Root End Resection......Page 391 Root End Preparation and Restoration......Page 392 Root End–Filling Materials......Page 393 Corrective Surgery......Page 394 Location of Perforation......Page 395 Surgical Approach......Page 396 Surgical Procedure......Page 397 Healing......Page 398 Recall......Page 399 Surgical Microscope......Page 400 Bone Augmentation......Page 401 Bibliography......Page 402 Dental Management of Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck......Page 404 Treatment of Xerostomia......Page 405 Evaluation of the Dentition Before Radiotherapy......Page 406 Radiation Dose......Page 407 Preparation of Dentition for Radiotherapy and Maintenance After Irradiation......Page 408 Tooth Extraction After Radiotherapy......Page 409 Use of Dental Implants in Irradiated Patients......Page 410 Effects on Oral Microbiology......Page 411 General Dental Management......Page 413 Bisphosphonates......Page 417 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of MRONJ......Page 418 Dental Care for Patients Taking Antiresorptive Medications......Page 419 Dental Care for Patients With MRONJ......Page 420 References......Page 421 Clinical Examination of the Maxillary Sinus......Page 424 Radiographic Examination of the Maxillary Sinus......Page 425 Nonodontogenic Infections of the Maxillary Sinus......Page 427 Treatment of Maxillary Sinusitis......Page 429 Antral Pseudocysts......Page 430 Oroantral Communications: Immediate Treatment......Page 431 Oroantral Fistulae: Delayed Treatment......Page 433 References......Page 436 Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology......Page 437 History and Clinical Examination......Page 441 Sialography......Page 442 Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography, and Positron Emission Tomography......Page 444 Salivary Scintigraphy (Radioactive Isotope Scanning)......Page 446 Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy......Page 448 Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease: Sialolithiasis......Page 449 Mucocele......Page 453 Salivary Gland Infections......Page 454 Sjögren Syndrome......Page 457 Traumatic Salivary Gland Injuries......Page 458 Benign Salivary Gland Tumors......Page 459 Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors......Page 460 V Management of Oral Pathologic Lesions......Page 464 Health History......Page 465 History of the Specific Lesion......Page 466 Clinical Examination......Page 467 Diagnostic Adjuncts......Page 470 Light-Based Adjuncts......Page 472 Laboratory Investigation......Page 473 Basic Tenets of Follow-up and Referral......Page 474 General Principles of Biopsy......Page 475 Soft Tissue Biopsy Techniques and Surgical Principles......Page 476 Wound Closure......Page 479 Handling of Tissues; Specimen Care......Page 481 Submission of Specimens......Page 482 Biopsy Submission Data Form......Page 483 Osseous Window......Page 485 Specimen Management......Page 487 References......Page 489 Eradication of Pathologic Condition......Page 491 Surgical Management of Cysts and Cystlike Lesions of the Jaws......Page 492 Technique......Page 493 Indications......Page 497 Advantages......Page 498 Indications......Page 499 Technique......Page 500 Advantages......Page 501 Principles of Surgical Management of Jaw Tumors......Page 502 Jaw Tumors Treated With Enucleation, Curettage, or Both......Page 503 Radiotherapy......Page 504 Surgical Management of Benign Lesions in Oral Soft Tissues......Page 507 Reconstruction of Jaw After Removal of Oral Tumors......Page 508 References......Page 509 VI Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma......Page 511 Contusion......Page 512 Laceration......Page 513 Closure of Wound......Page 514 History......Page 515 Clinical Examination......Page 516 Radiographic Examination......Page 517 Treatment of Dentoalveolar Injuries......Page 519 Crown Fracture......Page 520 Crown-Root Fracture......Page 521 Avulsion......Page 522 Alveolar Fractures......Page 527 Treatment of Pulp......Page 530 References......Page 532 History and Physical Examination......Page 533 Midface Fractures......Page 537 Treatment of Facial Fractures......Page 541 Mandibular Fractures......Page 543 Midface Fractures......Page 551 Lacerations......Page 556 References......Page 558 VII Dentofacial Deformities......Page 560 General Principles of Facial Growth......Page 561 Genetic and Environmental Influences......Page 562 Evaluation of Patients With Dentofacial Deformity......Page 563 Periodontal Considerations......Page 564 Restorative Considerations......Page 565 Treatment Timing......Page 566 Three-Dimensional Computerized Surgical Planning......Page 567 Mandibular Excess......Page 569 Maxillary Excess......Page 577 Orthognathic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea......Page 580 Distraction Osteogenesis......Page 598 Perioperative Care of the Orthognathic Surgical Patient......Page 599 Postsurgical Restorative and Prosthetic Considerations......Page 604 References......Page 605 Physiology of Aging......Page 607 Lower Face and Neck......Page 609 Face and Midface......Page 610 Eyelids......Page 611 Rhinoplasty......Page 614 Laser Resurfacing......Page 618 Conclusion......Page 620 References......Page 621 Chapter Outline......Page 622 Embryology......Page 623 Causative Factors......Page 624 Dental Problems......Page 625 Malocclusion......Page 627 Feeding......Page 628 Speech Difficulties......Page 629 Cheilorrhaphy......Page 630 Objectives......Page 631 Hard Palate Closure......Page 632 Alveolar Cleft Grafts......Page 633 Correction of Maxillomandibular Disharmonies......Page 635 Secondary Surgical Procedures......Page 637 References......Page 641 Two-Phase Theory of Osteogenesis......Page 642 Autogenous Grafts......Page 643 Allogeneic Grafts......Page 645 Disadvantages......Page 646 Hard Tissue Defect......Page 647 Soft Tissue Defect......Page 648 Goals and Principles of Mandibular Reconstruction......Page 650 Surgical Principles of Maxillofacial Bone-Grafting Procedures......Page 651 Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Midface......Page 654 References......Page 655 VIII Temporomandibular and Other Facial Pain Disorders......Page 656 Classification of Orofacial Pains......Page 657 Neuropathic Facial Pains......Page 658 Odontalgia Resulting From Deafferentation (Atypical Odontalgia)......Page 659 Postherpetic Neuralgia......Page 660 Migraine......Page 661 Cluster Headache......Page 662 Evaluation of Patient With Orofacial Pain......Page 663 Interview......Page 666 Examination......Page 667 Panoramic Radiography......Page 668 Psychological Evaluation......Page 669 Myofascial Pain......Page 670 Anterior Disk Displacement Without Reduction......Page 671 Systemic Arthritic Conditions......Page 672 Chronic Recurrent Dislocation......Page 673 Intracapsular Ankylosis......Page 674 Reversible Treatment......Page 675 Medication......Page 676 Physical Therapy......Page 677 Autorepositioning Splints......Page 678 Muscular Deprogrammers......Page 679 Arthrocentesis......Page 680 Disk Repair or Removal......Page 681 Modified Condylotomy......Page 682 Total Joint Replacement......Page 684 Combined Orthognathic Surgery and Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction......Page 688 Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction in the Growing Patient......Page 691 References......Page 693 Appendix 1 Operative Note (Office Record) Component Parts......Page 695 Schedule V: Controlled Substances......Page 696 Appendix 3 Examples of Useful Prescriptions......Page 697 Appendix 4 Consent for Extractions and Anesthesia......Page 698 Tetracyclines......Page 699 Antifungal Drugs......Page 700 A......Page 701 B......Page 702 C......Page 703 D......Page 704 E......Page 705 F......Page 707 H......Page 708 I......Page 709 M......Page 711 N......Page 713 O......Page 714 P......Page 715 R......Page 717 S......Page 718 T......Page 720 W......Page 721 Z......Page 722 One of the most respected dental surgery books in the world, Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7th Edition helps you develop skills in evaluation, diagnosis, and patient management. This comprehensive text on oral surgery procedures features full-color photographs and drawings that show how to perform basic surgical techniques, including an overview of more advanced surgical procedures and the latest developments in dental implants, instrumentation, and current technology. A detailed patient evaluation section includes guidelines on when to refer patients to specialists and how to provide supportive postoperative care. New to this edition is a chapter focusing on anesthesia in greater depth than any of the previous editions. Written by well-known OMS educators James R. Hupp, and Edward Ellis III, and Myron R. Tucker, this book is a valuable reference for dentistry and dental hygiene students alike! UPDATED! Chapter, Contemporary Implant Dentistry, includes new and updated implant surgical techniques and virtual planning. UPDATED! Chapter, Treatment of Complex Implant Cases , features new and updated cases requiring more complex treatment, including bone augmentation surgery in combination with implants. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Sinus Disease updated outline of the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient with sinus disease , including endoscopic therapy. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw outlines the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient. UPDATED! Facial Cosmetic Surgery chapter is organized by nonsurgical and surgical procedures, covering popular procedures such as dermal fillers, botox, facial resurfacing, browlift and forehead procedures, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and rhytidectomy. UPDATED! Content on implants, new instruments, and the latest technology help you treat your patients more effectively. Basic techniques of evaluation, diagnosis, and medical management described in enough detail to facilitate immediate clinical application. Excellent instrumentation chapter covers a wide variety of instruments and tray set-ups that OMS surgeons use. Complex Exodontia chapter describes techniques for surgical tooth extraction, including the principles of flap design, development, management, and suturing, as well as open extraction of single- and multi-rooted teeth, multiple extractions, and concomitant alveoloplasty. Hundreds of detailed, close-up photographs of intraoperative sites clarify textual descriptions Coverage of complex OMS procedures give you a basic understanding of what you will face later in advanced OMS cases. NEW! Chapter, Anesthesia in Dentistry focuses on anesthesia in greater depth than any of the previous editions including local anesthesia and nitrous oxide sedation. NEW! 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