Vasopressin and Oxytocin: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Advances (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 449)

This monograph provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of vasopressin and oxytocin. In the summer of 1997, scientists from over 20 countries congregated in Montreal for the 1997 World Congress of Neurohypophysial Hormones, a conference that united the fields of vasopressin, neurohypophysis and oxytocin in a single joint meeting that gave rise to the present book. The organization of a joint meeting was prompted by several recent developments. Specifically the molecular characterization of the vasopressin/oxytocin receptor family made it mandatory to adopt an integrated view and to discuss the vasopressin/oxytocin ligand/receptor family as a whole. To ensure em­ phasis on novelty, the conference focused on advances made over the last two years and also included important contributions by scientists that had not previously been associated with the vasopressin/oxytocin field. Vasopressin and oxytocin are two neurohormones that exert a wide spectrum of cen­ tral and peripheral actions. Accordingly, the vasopressin/oxytocin field embraces a large number of different domains, ranging from neuroscience, endocrinology, and oncology to renal, reproductive, and cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi Vasopressin Receptors....Pages 1-13 Cell-Specific Gene Expression in Oxytocin and Vasopressin Magnocellular Neurons....Pages 15-27 Hypothalamic Transcription Factors and the Regulation of the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial System....Pages 29-37 POU Domain Factors in Neural Development....Pages 39-53 Local Protein Synthesis in Magnocellular Dendrites....Pages 55-57 Vasopressin Gene Expression in Rat Choroid Plexus....Pages 59-65 Electrophysiological Distinctions Between Oxytocin and Vasopressin Neurons in the Supraoptic Nucleus....Pages 67-77 Mechanisms of Neuroendocrine Cell Excitability....Pages 79-95 Properties of the Transient K + Current in Acutely Isolated Supraoptic Neurons from Adult Rat....Pages 97-106 GABA B Receptors and Supraoptic Neuronal Activity....Pages 107-115 Local Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synaptic Circuits and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei....Pages 117-121 Progesterone Regulates Hypothalamic Oxytocin mRNA Levels Through Gamma Aminobutyric Acid....Pages 123-125 Differential Effects of the Neurosteroid Pregnenolone Sulphate on Oxytocin and Vasopressin Neurones in Vitro ....Pages 127-128 Regulation of Vasopressin Release by Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists....Pages 129-130 Role of N -Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in Vasopressin and Oxytocin Responses to Emotional Stimuli....Pages 131-134 Electrophysiological Studies of Oxytocin Neurons in Organotypic Slice Cultures....Pages 135-145 Inhibitory Actions of Nociceptin (Orphanin FQ) on Rat Supraoptic Nucleus Oxytocin and Vasopressin Neurones in Vitro....Pages 147-151 New Aspects of Firing Pattern Autocontrol in Oxytocin and Vasopressin Neurones....Pages 153-162 Intrahypothalamic Vasopressin Release....Pages 163-173 Differential Central and Peripheral Release of Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Response to Swim Stress in Rats....Pages 175-177 Pregnancy and Aging....Pages 179-181 Effect of Age and Testosterone on the Vasopressin Response to Dehydration in F344BNF1 Male Rats....Pages 183-185 Evidence for Nitric Oxide (NO) Actions Throughout the Forebrain Osmoresponsive Circuit....Pages 187-189 Gaseous Neurotransmitter Modulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Release....Pages 191-192 Membrane Excitability in the Neurohypophysis....Pages 193-200 Vasopressin’s Depolarizing Action on Neonatal Rat Spinal Lateral Horn Neurons May Involve Multiple Conductances....Pages 201-210 Vasopressin Action in the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex....Pages 211-213 Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and the Neuroendocrine Basis of Pair Bond Formation....Pages 215-224 Central Oxytocin Neurotransmission....Pages 225-230 Targeted Reduction of Oxytocin Expression Provides Insights into its Physiological Roles....Pages 231-240 Phenotypic Expression of an Oxytocin Peptide Null Mutation in Mice....Pages 241-243 Antiproliferative Effect of Oxytocin through Specific Oxytocin Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma and Astrocytoma Cell Lines....Pages 245-246 Phosphorylation of Proteins Induced in a Murine Pre-T Cell Line by Neurohypophysial Peptides....Pages 247-249 Molecular Pharmacology of Human Vasopressin Receptors....Pages 251-276 Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Effects of Oxytocin on Myometrial Intracellular Calcium....Pages 277-286 Genomic and Non-Genomic Mechanisms of Oxytocin Receptor Regulation....Pages 287-295 The Molecular Basis of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor Gene Expression in Reproductive Tissues....Pages 297-306 Transcriptional Regulation of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene....Pages 307-315 Female Reproduction in Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin F Receptor....Pages 317-321 Expression of the Oxytocin Receptor and Oxytocin Gene in Human Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos....Pages 323-324 Vasopressin Regulates Adrenal Functions by Acting through Different Vasopressin Receptor Subtypes....Pages 325-334 All Three Vasopressin Receptor Sub-Types are Expressed by Small-Cell Carcinoma....Pages 335-338 Processing and Ligand-Induced Modifications of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor....Pages 339-346 Molecular Aspects of Vasopressin Receptor Function....Pages 347-358 Mapping Peptide Antagonist Binding Sites of the Human V1a and V2 Vasopressin Receptors....Pages 359-361 Structure/Function Studies on Receptors for Vasopressin and Oxytocin....Pages 363-365 Identification of a Constitutively Active Mutant of the Human Oxytocin Receptor....Pages 367-369 Identification of Neurohypophysial Hormone Receptor Domains Involved in Ligand Binding and G Protein Coupling....Pages 371-385 Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor and Aquaporin-2 Genes in Twelve Families with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus....Pages 387-390 Functional Study of Two V2 Vasopressin Mutant Receptors Related to NDI....Pages 391-393 Studies of Renal Aquaporin-2 Expression during Renal Escape from Vasopressin-Induced Antidiuresis....Pages 395-406 Prompt and Sustained Regulation of Aquaporin-2 by Arginine Vasopressin in Collecting Duct Cells and Clinical Implication of Urinary Excretion of Aquaporin-2....Pages 407-414 Recent Advances in the Understanding of Water Metabolism in Heart Failure....Pages 415-426 Nonpeptide Antagonists for Vasopressin Receptors....Pages 427-438 VPA-985, a Nonpeptide Orally Active and Selective Vasopressin V 2 Receptor Antagonist....Pages 439-443 Effects of Chronic AVP V2R Blockade in Congestive Heart Failure in Sheep....Pages 445-446 Vasopressin Induces Opposite Changes in Blood Flow in the Skin and the Muscular Circulation....Pages 447-449 Discovery of Novel Selective Hypotensive Vasopressin Peptides....Pages 451-453 Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SR 49059, a V1A Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist, After Repeated Oral Administration in Healthy Volunteers....Pages 455-465 Evidence for an Involvement of Vasopressin in Mechanism of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Effect of the Non-Peptide Vasopressin V 1a Receptor Antagonist, SR 49059, on the Uterus of Non-Pregnant Women....Pages 467-472 Progress in the Development of Oxytocin Antagonists for Use in Preterm Labor....Pages 473-479 Back Matter....Pages 481-483