Variation in Language: Faces of Facebook English (Text – Meaning – Context: Cracow Studies in English Language, Literature and Culture)

The modern age has further expanded on the multifaceted character of English, which is used not only in many places in the world, but also by a variety of users in numerous contexts. Technical innovations have led to the rise of new registers and offered scholars new tools to study language variation. Set in the context of the electronic medium of social networking, and additionally enriched with findings from the field of language attitude studies, this study explores features of English used in the Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles, here represented by the UK, India, and Poland. The analysis of the English used by Facebook members demonstrates cultural differences as well as gender and age similarities in the area of e.g. politeness, emotionality, informality or code-switching. The book explores variations in English in the context of Facebook as a CMC register. The analysis covers, among others, markers of politeness, informal language, emotionality, and code-switching found in English used as a native, second and foreign language. The results show differences and similarities due to the users' culture, gender and age.