Valuing the Past in the Greco-Roman World : Proceedings From the Penn-Leiden Colloquia on Ancient Values VII

"The 'classical tradition' is no invention of modernity. Already in ancient Greece and Rome, the privileging of the ancient played a role in social and cultural discourses of every period. A collaboration between scholars in diverse areas of classical studies, this volume addresses literary and material evidence for ancient notions of valuing (or disvaluing) the deep past from approximately the fifth century BCE until the second century CE. It examines how specific communities used notions of antiquity to define themselves or others, which models from the past proved most desirable, what literary or exegetic modes they employed, and how temporal systems for ascribing value intersected with the organization of space, the production of narrative, or the application of aesthetic criteria."-- Back cover Valuing the Past in the Greco-Roman World: Proceedings from the Penn-Leiden Colloquia on Ancient Values VII 4 Contents 6 List of Figures 9 List of Contributors 10 1. James Ker and Christoph Pieper: General Introduction: Valuing Antiquity in Antiquity 12 1 The Penn-Leiden Project 12 2 The Past as the Antique 13 3 Some Roman Perspectives on the Ancient and the Old 18 4 In This Volume ... 25 5 Acknowledgements 29 Bibliography 31 Part 1. Locating the Past in Peoples or Places 34 2. Jeremy McInerney: Pelasgians and Leleges: Using the Past to Understand the Present 36 1 Introduction: Finding the Pelasgians 36 2 Multivocality 39 3 Pelasgians in Athens and Beyond 45 4 Autochthonous Pelasgians 56 5 The Discourse of Exclusion 60 Bibliography 64 3. Maaike Leemreize: The Egyptian Past in the Roman Present 67 1 Introduction 67 2 Admiring Ancient Egypt: Some General Remarks 69 3 Admiring Ancient Egypt, a Case Study: Germanicus’ Visit to Egypt (Tac. Ann. 2.59–61) 70 3.1 Linking Ancient Egypt with Contemporary Rome 72 3.2 Creating Intercultural Connectivity 74 3.3 Omitting Negative Associations 76 3.4 Recalling Roman Fascination for Wonders 79 3.5 The Tacitean Image of Egypt Contextualized 80 4 Emulation 82 5 Incorporation 86 6 Conclusion 89 Bibliography 90 4. Joseph Farrell: The Roman Suburbium and the Roman Past 94 1 Introduction: Imagining the Suburbium of Rome 94 2 A Grove of Ancient Virtues 100 3 Inventing the suburbium 104 4 Selective Erasure and Commemoration 108 5 Old and New Falerii 109 6 ‘Empty’ Veii 112 7 Conclusion: Re-Imagining the Suburbium of Rome 115 Bibliography 116 Part 2. Encountering the Past through Material Objects 120 5. Margaret M. Miles: Burnt Temples in the Landscape of the Past 122 1 Introduction 122 2 Burnt Temples in Aeschylus’Persians 123 3 Burnt Temples as a Theme in Herodotus 124 4 A New Form of Warfare for Greece 131 5 Archaeological Evidence for the Burnt Temples 134 6 Burnt Temples as a Useful Topic 137 7 To Build or Not Rebuild the Burnt Temples? 140 8 Burnt and Looted Temples in Later Centuries 144 9 Ruins in Pausanias 146 10 Ruined Greek Temples in the Roman Period 148 11 Conclusion: Burnt Temples as Memorials 150 Bibliography 150 6. Amanda S. Reiterman: Keimêlia in Context: Toward an Understanding of the Value of Antiquities in the Past 157 1 Introduction 157 1.1 Setting the Scene: Why Study ‘Things’ from the Past? 158 1.2 Defining and Identifying keimêlia 159 2 Contextualizing keimêlia 161 2.1 The Magical Potential of the Distant Past 161 2.2 Keimêlia for Kids 165 2.3 Keimêlia within Communities 170 2.4 The Value(s) of keimêlia 172 3 Conclusions: Listening through Noise 175 Bibliography 178 7. Karen Bassi: Croesus' Offerings and the Value of the Past in Herodotus' Histories 184 1 Introduction 184 2 Looking through and Looking at the Historical Text 186 3 Age-Value and Historical Value 187 4 The Fading of the Past 191 5 Croesus’ Offerings and the Value of the Past 195 6 Conclusions 203 Bibliography 204 Part 3. Persons Seeming to Embody an Ancient Ethos 208 8. Sheila Murnaghan: The Creation of Anachronism: Assessing Ancient Valor in Sophocles' Ajax 210 1 An Anachronistic Hero? 210 2 Valuing the Dead 214 3 Continuity and Change in the Judgment of the Arms 217 4 Ajax and the Erinyes 221 5 The Resentful Dead 225 Bibliography 228 9. Christina S. Kraus: Long Ago and Far Away ... The Uses of the Past in Tacitus' Minora 230 1 Forward, into the Past 230 2 Recentiores, non deteriores 232 3 Over the River and through the Woods 237 4 Agricola the Old-Fashioned Hero 239 5 The Future at Your Back 248 Bibliography 250 10. Eleanor Winsor Leach: M. Atilius Regulus - Making Defeat into Victory: Diverse Values in an Ambivalent Story 254 1 Introduction 254 2 Problems of Historicity 261 3 Accretions of Exemplarity 264 4 Regulus Beatified 271 5 ‘Exciting Historiography’ in Silius Italicus’Punica 273 Bibliography 276 Part 4. The Present Distanced from Past Examples 278 11. Caitlin C. Gillespie: Agrippina the Younger: Tacitus' Unicum Exemplum 280 1 Introduction 280 2 Exemplarity and Images of Imperial Women 283 3 Agrippina the Younger and the Imperial Past in Tacitus’ Annals 289 4 Eastern Influences and Partners in Power 295 5 Nero’s Gift, Reconsidered 298 6 Death and Aftermath 300 7 Conclusion 301 Bibliography 302 12. Lisa Cordes: Si te nostra tulissent saecula: Comparison with the Past as a Means of Glorifying the Present in Domitianic Panegyric 305 1 Introduction 305 2 The Presentation of Historical exempla in Statius’ Silvae 1.1 309 2.1 The Comparison of Domitian’s Horse with the Trojan Horse (Stat. Silv. 1.1.8–16) 309 2.2 The Comparison of Domitian with Julius Caesar (Stat. Silv. 1.1.22–28, 84–90) 311 2.3 The Comparison of Domitian with Marcus Curtius (Stat. Silv. 1.1.66–83) 313 2.4 Interim Conclusion: The Use of Historical exempla as a Normative Discourse 317 3 The Presentation of Historical exempla in Martial’s Panegyric Poetry 319 3.1 O tempora, o mores (Mart. 9.70, 9.27, 6.2) 319 3.2 Respecting Antiquity (Mart. 8.80) 321 3.3 Martial’s Praise of Nerva (Mart. 11.5) 322 4 In Conclusion: A Comparison with Panegyric under Nero and Trajan 326 Bibliography 331 13. Jonas Grethlein: The Value of the Past Challenged: Myth and Ancient History in the Attic Orators 337 1 The Value of the Distant Past 337 2 Preference for the Recent Past in Oratory 339 3 Myth in Diplomatic Negotiations 347 4 The Distant Past in Lycurgus’ Against Leocrates 351 5 Challenging the Value of the Past in Ancient Greece and Today 356 Bibliography 361 Part 5. The Archaic Past in Literary History 366 14. Lawrence Kim: Archaizing and Classicism in the Literary Historical Thinking of Dionysius of Halicarnassus 368 1 Introduction: Classicism and Archaism 368 2 ‘Classical’ Literature 371 3 ‘Early’ Simplicity 376 4 ‘Old-Fashioned’ Vocabulary 379 5 ‘Archaic’ Composition 382 6 Classical Archaizing 389 7 Conclusion 394 Bibliography 395 15. Casper C. de Jonge: The Attic Muse and the Asian Harlot: Classicizing Allegories in Dionysius and Longinus 399 1 Introduction: Greek Classicism at Rome 399 2 Dionysius: The Attic Muse and the Asian Harlot 404 3 On the Sublime 44: The Family of Wealth and Extravagance 409 4 Two Classicizing Allegories: Dionysius and Longinus 414 5 Optimism and Pessimism; Greece and Rome 415 Bibliography 418 16. Mieke de Vos: From Lesbos She Took Her Honeycomb: Sappho and the 'Female Tradition' in Hellenistic Poetry 421 1 Introduction 421 2 Sappho as Muse and Model for Imitation 423 3 A Female Tradition? The Contribution of Women Poets 428 4 A Female Tradition? The Contribution of Male Poets 433 5 Conclusion 442 Bibliography 443 17. Jason S. Nethercut: Ennius and the Revaluation of Traditional Historiography in Lucretius' De Rerum Natura 446 1 Introduction 446 2 Epic and Historiography 448 3 Lucretius and Ennian Historiography: The Second Punic War 452 4 The Value of Historical exempla 455 5 History vs. Psychology 458 6 History and Religion: Pyrrhus in Ennius and Lucretius 461 7 Conclusion 467 Bibliography 469 Part 6. Antiquarian Discourses 474 18. Joseph A. Howley: Valuing the Mediators of Antiquity in the Noctes Atticae 476 1 Introduction 476 2 The Difficulty of Visiting Another Country 477 3 The Nature of Tradition and the Vulnerability of Transmission 486 4 Choosing Wisely in the Library 488 5 Conclusions 492 Bibliography 494 19. Ilaria L.E. Ramelli: Valuing Antiquity in Antiquity by Means of Allegoresis 496 1 Introduction: Methodological Guidelines and Main Arguments 496 2 Stoic Allegoresis as Philosophy and a Means to Value Antiquity: Zeno, Cleanthes and Chrysippus 497 3 Imperial Stoicism: Cornutus, ‘The Ancients’ and Middle Stoic Background 501 4 Etymology in the Service of Allegoresis: The Most Ancient or Original Meanings 503 5 Beyond the ‘Apologetic’ Function: The Ideal of Cultural Unity and the Valuing of the Ancient Heritage 504 6 The Philosophical Role of Allegoresis in Middle and Neoplatonism and the Valuing of Antiquity—Greek or ‘Barbarian’? 507 7 Origen the Middle-Neoplatonist and the Stoic Allegorical Tradition 510 8 Origen’s Predecessors in Allegoresis within the Platonic Tradition and His Reaction against Exclusive Allegorism 512 9 The Comparative Method: Which Ancient Traditions are Authoritative and Allegorizable? Conclusions 514 Bibliography 516 Index Locorum 520 General Index 542