Values-driven entrepreneurship and societal impact : setting the agenda for entrepreneuring across (Southern) Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is challenged and blessed with a dynamic mix of formal and informal sectors, laced with effective and ineffective layers of entrepreneurial behaviour and action. Being entrepreneurial is not necessarily about creating entirely new business models, but about understanding context, social needs, environment, supply efficiency and security, the socio-economic layout, knowing the pain points for a society, community and for individuals, and seeking to relieve some or all of that pain by stepping into the available gaps or opportunities. This book offers numerous ideas and perspectives on how to close these gaps, successfully navigate these challenges and implement practical, innovative solutions to constructively serve societies through the many obvious (and less obvious opportunities) on the continent. Drawing on the insights of numerous global academic leaders, entrepreneurial business founders and owners, as well as leaders of NGOs and other civil society organisations, Values-Driven Entrepreneurship and Societal Impact will broaden your understanding of the key challenges and opportunities around entrepreneurship in Africa. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Full Title Page Acknowledgements Table of Contents About the Editors About the Contributors Introduction Part I: Entrepreneurial Context: A System-Level Lens Towards Entrepreneurship Chapter 1: Informality, 4IR and the Entrepreneurial State inAfrica: An ‘Economic Ecosystems’ Perspective Abstract Introduction Beyond Neoclassical Economics: An ‘Economic Ecosystems’ Perspective Dual economies as “economic ecosystems” Defining economic ecosystems Localisation and innovation Differentiation and growth Adaptation and stability Summary African developmental needs and conditions Urbanisation High infrastructure, service provision deficits High levels of informality The emerging African middle class ‘precariat’ The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa: Opportunity Space for Local Economic Diversification A small-scale, high absorption infrastructure boom Green technology and 4IR for Africa The green technology – 4IR melting pot! Spatial implementation considerations Implications for The Entrepreneurial State in Africa Introduction: An economics ecosystems perspective on the Entrepreneurial State in Africa Informality and the State in Africa: The Entrepreneurial State: An economic ecosystems perspective: Shaping economic ecosystems’ responses to change effects Diversifying the “product space” of economic ecosystems Entrepreneurial dynamism and innovation Maintaining stability and resilience through transition Critical Reflections on the “Economic Ecosystems” Approach Power, social institutions and context Formal-informal “Edge Effects” and the Digital Realm Conclusions and Way Forward Chapter 2: Collective Intelligence for Good in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Abstract Background What is emergence? Agents and agencies Situatedness, embodiment, intelligence and emergence The internet of agents The artificial mind engine The artificial mind engine and cybersecurity Collaborative ecosystems in the 4IR Collective entrepreneurship in the 4IR Community safety entrepreneurial ecosystem Epidemic control entrepreneurial ecosystem Universal health coverage (UHC) Financial risks and return Conclusion Chapter 3: Social Enterprise and its Contextual Challenges Abstract Introduction Scaling challenges Poor enabling environment Prerequisites for success The future Chapter 4: A Model for The Utilisation of Networks and Leveraging of The Economic Benefits of Migration Capital in Emerging Markets Abstract Introduction Understanding migration capital Key enablers Leveraging migration capital Conclusion Chapter 5: Mobilizing Values and Action through Framing Strategies in Creating a Regional Bio-energy Niche Abstract Introduction Framing strategies Framing strategies and the social construction of niches Methodology Data collection Results Conclusion Limitations Relevance for emerging markets Chapter 6: Restoring the Agency of Voice through Video-led Cases for “Values-Driven Entrepreneurship and Societal Impact” Abstract Introduction Enabling the power of speech A passion for spreading the word Driven by a passion for justice Empowerment photography Professional is personal Their way of writing Beyond words Restoring the agency of voice in vales-driven entrepreneurship Part II: Organizational-Level Activities in Entrepreneurial Developments Chapter 7: B Corps on the African Continent: A Source of Socio-Economic Hope? Abstract Introduction B Corps as a movement B Corps on the continent Africa as the world’s next economic opportunity B Corps as a remedy? B Corps in Africa Chapter 8: Collaboration Over Competition Abstract Introduction Funding Employees Customers Suppliers Networks Mentorship Chapter 9: Lessons Learnt from Supporting Early-stage Ventures at an African Business School Incubator Abstract Understanding the key needs of start-ups Early-stage entrepreneurship support systems Incubation Pilot venture incubation program Co-working space and community Mentorship and guidance Training and workshops Advisory services Events Access to networks Challenges and other lessons Conclusion Chapter 10: Educating a New Generation of Sustainable Leaders by Working with Social-Impact Founders in Africa Business schools – still part of the problem or already part of the solution? Entrepreneurial ecosystems: working with Social-Impact Start-ups Conceptual perspective: the role of entrepreneurial initiative for social innovation in Africa SISTAC: Social Impact Start-up Academy Summary Chapter 11: Toward a Fearless Social Enterprise: Using Psychological Safety to Create Social Value Social entrepreneurship and models of social enterprise The case for the social business Operational challenges and the pressure to professionalize Teams, psychological safety and learning behavior Creating fearless social entrepreneurs Chapter 12: The Impact of Business Accelerators in Disadvantaged Areas: The Case of Solution Space Philippi Village Introduction Business incubators and accelerators Theory Methodology Empirical Setting Philippi Village background Community background Team background Objectives Target audience Results Discussion Part III: Micro-Level Foundations ofEntrepreneurial Activities Chapter 13: An Entrepreneurship Propensity Index as a Measure of New Venture Creation Potential Introduction Entrepreneurship and economic development International entrepreneurship research Intrinsic entrepreneurship determinants Extrinsic entrepreneurship determinants Strategy and methodology Conclusion CHAPTER 14: Locus of Control and The Happy Entrepreneur Abstract Introduction Entrepreneurship and happiness at work Locus of control and happiness Locus of control and entrepreneurship Conclusion Chapter 15: Self-empathy as it Relates to Entrepreneurship Abstract Introduction Self-empathy in Empathic Interpersonal Engagement Self-empathy Observes and Integrates Experiences Noticing with self-empathy Becoming aware of sensations, emotions, thoughts and needs Self-empathy With Ethical Responsibility and Centredness Ethical exploration and agreement Centring and active sensation practice Suspending judgment in self-empathy Setting personal intentions and attending to self in self-empathy Self-empathy as a Tool for Empathy With Others Conclusion Recommendations for Research Chapter 16: Executive Coaching as an Entrepreneurial Venture Abstract Introduction Literature Review Coaching as a small and medium-sized enterprise Using a business model template to analyse an SME Research design Findings and discussion Value network (VN) Value architecture (VA) Value proposition (VP) VF – Value finance Practical implications Conclusion Chapter 17: Micro-Entrepreneurs and Their Start-Up Teams: Impact of Emotions and Trust Introduction Stream 1: The micro-entrepreneur and individual-level factors Stream 2: Entrepreneurial network/team Directions for future research CHAPTER 18: Diversity and Entrepreneurship in South Africa: Intersections and Purposive Collaboration Abstract Chapter 19: Challenging the Odds: A Critical Analysis of Refugee Entrepreneurial Resilience in South Africa Abstract Background The state of entrepreneurship in South Africa The state of refugee-immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa Theoretical Grounding Introduction Middleman minority theory Ethnic enclave economy theory Social network theories in the immigrant entrepreneurship literature My journey as a refugee entrepreneur in South Africa Conclusion Conclusion: Africaneurs of Sub-Saharan Africa References Index "Sub-Saharan African is challenged and blessed with a dynamic mix of formal and informal sectors, laced with effective and ineffective layers of entrepreneurial behaviour and action. Being entrepreneurial is not necessarily about creating entirely new business models, but about understanding context, social needs, environment, supply efficiency and security, the socio-economic layout, knowing the pain points for a society, community and for individuals, and seeking to relieve some or all of that pain by stepping into the available gaps or opportunities. This book offers numerous ideas and perspectives on how to close these gaps, successfully navigate these challenges and implement practical, innovative solutions to constructively serve societies through the many obvious (and less obvious opportunities) on the continent."-- Publisher's description