Useful Bodies : Humans in the Service of Medical Science in the Twentieth Century

Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation -- germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the U.S.; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been "useful" to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations.Contributors: Brian Balmer, University College London; Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, University of Wisconsin; Rodney A. Hayward, University of Michigan; Joel D. Howell, University of Michigan; Margaret Humphreys, Duke University; David S. Jones, Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert L. Martensen, Tulane University School of Medicine; Glenn Mitchell, University of Wollongong; Jenny Stanton, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gilbert Whittemore, independent scholar/attorney, Boston Though Notoriously Associated With Germany, Human Experimentation In The Name Of Science Has Been Practiced In Other Countries, As Well, Both Before And After The Nazi Era. The Use Of Unwitting Or Unwilling Subjects In Experiments Designed To Test The Effects Of Radiation And Disease On The Human Body Emerged At The Turn Of The Twentieth Century, When The Rise Of The Modern, Coercive State And The Professionalization Of Medical Science Converged. This Book Brings Together Leading Historians Of Medicine To Explore The Intersection Of Government Power And Medical Knowledge In Revealing Studies Of Human Experimentation7germ Warfare And Jaundice Tests In Great Britain; Radiation, Malaria, And Hepatitis Experiments In The U.s.; And Nuclear Fallout Trials In Australia. These Examples Of Medical Abuse Illustrate The Extent To Which Living Human Bodies Have Been Useful To Democratic States And Emphasize The Need For Intense Scrutiny And Regulation To Prevent Future Violations. Making Human Bodies Useful : Historicizing Medical Experiments In The Twentieth Century / Jordan Goodman, Anthony Mcelligott, Lara Marks -- Using The Population Body To Protect The National Body : Germ Warfare Tests In The United Kingdom After World War Ii / Brian Balmer -- Whose Body, Which Disease, Studying Malaria While Treating Neurosyphilis / Margaret Humphreys -- Human Radiation Experiments And The Formation Of Medical Physics At The University Of California, San Francisco And Berkeley, 1937-1962 / David S. Jones, Robert L. Martensen -- I Have Been On Tenterhooks : Wartime Medical Research Council Jaundice Committee Experiments / Jenny Stanton -- See An Atomic Blast And Spread The Word : Indoctrination At Ground Zero / Glenn Mitchell -- Injecting Comatose Patients With Uranium : America's Overlapping Wars Against Communism And Cancer In The 1950s / Gilbert Whittemore, Miriam Boleyn-fitzgerald -- Writing Willowbrook, Reading Willowbrook : The Recounting Of A Medical Experiment / Joel D. Howell, Rodney A. Hayward. Edited By Jordan Goodman, Anthony Mcelligott, And Lara Marks. Earlier Versions Of The Chapters In This Volume Were First Given As Contributions To A Workshop On Human Experimentation Held At The Wellcome Institute For The History Of Medicine In London On 3-4 September 1998--t.p. Verso. Includes Bibliographical References.

Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation—germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the U.S.; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been "useful" to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations.

Contributors: Brian Balmer, University College London; Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, University of Wisconsin; Rodney A. Hayward, University of Michigan; Joel D. Howell, University of Michigan; Margaret Humphreys, Duke University; David S. Jones, Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert L. Martensen, Tulane University School of Medicine; Glenn Mitchell, University of Wollongong; Jenny Stanton, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gilbert Whittemore, independent scholar/attorney, Boston

Annotation Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentationgerm warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the U.S.; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been "useful" to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations. Contributors: Brian Balmer, University College London; Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, University of Wisconsin; Rodney A. Hayward, University of Michigan; Joel D. Howell, University of Michigan; Margaret Humphreys, Duke University; David S. Jones, Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert L. Martensen, Tulane University School of Medicine; Glenn Mitchell, University of Wollongong; Jenny Stanton, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gilbert Whittemore, independent scholar/attorney, Boston Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practised in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the 20th century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation - germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria and hepatitis experiments in the US; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been useful to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations. Contents......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 8 1 Making Human Bodies Useful......Page 12 Part I: What Is a Human Experiment?......Page 36 2 Using the Population Body to Protect the National Body......Page 38 3 Whose Body? Which Disease?......Page 64 Part II: Who Experiments?......Page 90 4 Human Radiation Experiments and the Formation of Medical Physics at the University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley, 1937–1962......Page 92 5 “I Have Been on Tenterhooks”......Page 120 6 See an Atomic Blast and Spread the Word......Page 144 Part III: Whose Body?......Page 174 7 Injecting Comatose Patients with Uranium......Page 176 8 Writing Willowbrook, Reading Willowbrook......Page 201 Contributors......Page 226